Last of the Summer Wine

Last of the Summer Wine

A typical Last of the Summer Wine intertitle
Also known as The Last of the Summer Wine (Pilot episode)
Genre Sitcom
Created by Roy Clarke
Written by Roy Clarke
Directed by James Gilbert (1973)
Bernard Thompson (1975)
Sydney Lotterby (1976–1979, 1982–1983)
Ray Butt (1976)
Alan J. W. Bell (1981–1982, 1983–present)
Starring current cast:
Brian Murphy
Peter Sallis
Kathy Staff
Frank Thornton

Robert Fyfe
Mike Grady
Burt Kwouk

Jean Alexander
Jane Freeman
Josephine Tewson
June Whitfield
Theme music composer Ronnie Hazlehurst
Opening theme "The Last of the Summer Wine"
Composer(s) Ronnie Hazlehurst
Jim Parker
Country of origin Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom
Language(s) English
No. of series 29 as of 2008
No. of episodes 278 as of 31 August 2008 (List of episodes)
Production
Producer(s) James Gilbert (1973)
Bernard Thompson (1975)
Sydney Lotterby (1976–1979, 1982–1983)
Alan J. W. Bell (1981–1982, 1983–present)
Location(s) Holmfirth, West Yorkshire, England
Cinematography Pat O'Shea
Running time 30 min. (approx.)
Production
company(s)		 BBC
Broadcast
Original channel BBC One
Picture format PAL (576i) (1973-2005)
HDTV 720p (2006)
HDTV 1080i (2007-present)
Original run 12 November 1973 – Present
Status Returning series
Chronology
Related shows Comedy Playhouse
First of the Summer Wine
External links
IMDb profile
TV.com summary

Last of the Summer Wine is a British sitcom written by Roy Clarke that is broadcast on BBC One. Last of the Summer Wine premiered as an episode of Comedy Playhouse on 4 January 1973 and the first series of episodes followed on 12 November 1973. Since 1983, Alan J. W. Bell has produced and directed all episodes of the show. The 29th series concluded on 31 August 2008[1] and a 30th series is in production.[2] Repeats of the show are broadcast in the UK on satellite station G.O.L.D. and it is also seen in more than twenty-five countries,[3] including various PBS stations in the United States and in Canada on VisionTV. Last of the Summer Wine is the longest-running comedy programme in Britain and the longest-running sitcom in the world.[4][5]

Last of the Summer Wine is set and filmed in and around Holmfirth, West Yorkshire, England and centres around a trio of old men whose line-up has changed over the years. The original trio consisted of Bill Owen as the scruffy and child-like Compo, Peter Sallis as deep-thinking, meek Clegg and Michael Bates as authoritarian and snobbish Blamire. Brian Wilde joined the cast as the quirky war veteran Foggy when Bates left in 1976 after two series. The men never seem to grow up and develop a unique perspective on their equally eccentric fellow townspeople through their youthful stunts. The cast has grown to include a variety of supporting characters, each contributing their own subplots to the show and often becoming unwillingly involved in the schemes of the trio. The main cast of the 29th series consists of Sallis, Frank Thornton as former police officer Truly, Brian Murphy as the childish Alvin and Kathy Staff as Alvin's grumpy next door neighbour, Nora Batty.

Although some feel the show's quality has declined,[6] Last of the Summer Wine continues to garner a large audience for the BBC[7] and has been praised for its positive portrayal of older people[8] and family-friendly humour.[8] Many members of the British Royal Family enjoy the show.[9] The show has been nominated for numerous awards and won the National Television Award for Most Popular Comedy Programme in 1999.[10] There have been many holiday specials, two television films and a documentary film about the series. Last of the Summer Wine has inspired other adaptations, including a television prequel,[11] several novelisations,[12] and a stage adaptation.[13]

Contents

Production

History and development

In 1972, Duncan Wood, at that time the head of BBC Comedy, watched a drama on television called The Misfit. Impressed by writer Roy Clarke's ability to inject comedy into the drama, Wood offered Clarke the opportunity to write a sitcom.[5] Clarke nearly turned the job down as he felt that the BBC's idea for a programme about three old men was a dull concept for a half-hour sitcom. Instead, Clarke proposed that the men should all be unmarried, widowed, or divorced and either unemployed or retired, leaving them free to roam around like adolescents in the prime of their lives, unfettered and uninhibited.[5]

Clarke chose the original title, The Last of the Summer Wine, to convey the idea that the characters are not in the autumn of their lives but the summer, even though it may be "the last of the summer". BBC producers hated this at first and insisted that it remain a temporary working title, while the cast worried that viewers would forget the name of the show.[5] The working title was changed later to The Library Mob, a reference to one of the trio's regular haunts early in the show. Clarke switched back to his original preference shortly before production began,[5] a title that was shortened to Last of the Summer Wine after the pilot show.[14]

The Last of the Summer Wine premiered as an episode of BBC's Comedy Playhouse on 4 January 1973. The pilot, "Of Funerals and Fish", received enough positive response that a full series was commissioned to be broadcast before the end of the year.[15] Although the initial series did not do well in the ratings, the BBC ordered a second series in 1975.[16]

Filming

Barry Took, who had produced a series of ultimately unsuccessful documentaries for the BBC about working men's clubs, was partially responsible for the choice of location for the exterior shots. The programme which drew the highest ratings of the series focused on Burnlee Working Men's Club, a club in the small West Yorkshire town of Holmfirth and Took saw Holmfirth's potential as the backdrop of a television show.[17] Took's idea was passed to James Gilbert and Roy Clarke via Duncan Wood, who was at that time filming Comedy Playhouse. Gilbert and Clarke then travelled to Holmfirth and decided to use it as the setting for the pilot of Last of the Summer Wine.[5][17][18]

Though the exterior shots have always been filmed on location in Holmfirth and the surrounding countryside, the interior shots were, until the early 1990s, filmed in front of a live studio audience at BBC Television Centre in London. The amount of location work increased, however, as studio work became a drain on time and money. Under Alan J. W. Bell, Last of the Summer Wine became the first comedy series to do away with the live studio audience, moving all of the filming to Holmfirth.[19] The episodes are filmed and then shown to preview audiences, whose laughter is recorded and then spliced into each episode to provide a laugh track and avoid the use of canned laughter.[5][19]

The show uses actual businesses and homes in and around Holmfirth, including Sid's Café and Nora Batty's house, a real Holmfirth residence owned by Sonia Whitehead.[5] Although this has helped the Holmfirth economy and made it a tourist destination, tensions have occasionally surfaced between Holmfirth residents and the crew. One such incident, regarding compensation to local residents, prompted producer Alan J. W. Bell to consider not filming in Holmfirth anymore. The situation escalated to the point that Bell filmed a scene in which Nora Batty put her house up for sale.[20]

In May 2008, The Times reported that Frank Thornton and Peter Sallis would no longer appear in outdoor scenes of future series because of the cost of insuring actors over the age of 80. Thornton and Sallis, both 87, will only film scenes indoors while younger actors film the outdoor scenes.[21]

Crew

Every episode of Last of the Summer Wine is written by Roy Clarke. The Comedy Playhouse pilot and all episodes of the first series were produced and directed by James Gilbert. Bernard Thompson produced and directed the second series of episodes in 1975.[15] In 1976, Sydney Lotterby took over as producer and director. He directed all but two episodes of the third series[5][22] – Ray Butt directed "The Great Boarding House Bathroom Caper" and "Cheering up Gordon".[23][24] Lotterby directed two further series before departing the show in 1979.[5][22] In 1981, Alan J. W. Bell took over as producer and director. Bell, in an effort to get each scene exactly right, has been known for his use of more film and more takes than his predecessors[5] and for using wider angles that feature more of the local Holmfirth landscape.[12]

In 1983, Lotterby returned to the show at the insistence of Brian Wilde, who preferred Lotterby's use of tight shots focused on the trio as they talked rather than Bell's wide-angle scenes. Lotterby produced and directed one additional series before departing again the same year.[12] Bell then returned to the show beginning with the 1983 Christmas special and has produced and directed all episodes of the show from that time to the present.[12]

Music

Composer and conductor Ronnie Hazlehurst, who had also produced themes for such series as Are You Being Served? and Yes Minister, created the theme for the show. The BBC initially disliked Hazlehurst's theme, feeling it was not proper for a comedy programme to have such mellow music. He was asked to play the music faster for more comedic effect but eventually his original slower version was accepted.[5]

The theme, an instrumental work, featured lyrics three times. The 1981 Christmas special, "Whoops", had two verses of lyrics written by Roy Clarke that were performed over the closing credits. The 1983 film, "Getting Sam Home", used those two verses, with an additional two and played them over the opening credits. Another altered version was sung during Compo's funeral in the 2000 episode "Just a Small Funeral". Bill Owen also wrote a different version of the lyrics but this version has never been used during an episode of the show.[25]

Composing the score for each episode until his death in 2007,[26] Hazlehurst spent an average of ten hours per episode watching scenes and making notes for music synchronisation. Hazlehurst then recorded the music using an orchestra consisting of a guitar, harmonica, two violins, a viola, cello, accordion, horn, bass, flute and percussion.[5]

Characters and casting

Main article: List of Last of the Summer Wine characters

Initially, the only certain cast member for the show was Peter Sallis. Clarke had already collaborated on a few scripts with him and the character of Norman Clegg was created especially for Sallis, who liked the character and agreed to play him.[27] He was soon joined by an actor he had previously worked with, comedy actor Michael Bates, as Cyril Blamire.[28]

James Gilbert had seen film actor Bill Owen playing northern characters in the Royal Court Theatre and proposed to cast him as Compo Simmonite. Clarke, who initially saw Owen as an archetypal cockney who could not play a solid northern character as Compo was meant to be, only recognised Owen's potential after going to London for a read-through with Owen.[15]

On-screen chemistry with existing players determined the later changes to the cast. Brian Wilde, Michael Aldridge and Frank Thornton each brought a sense of completion to the trio after the departure of the preceding third man.[29] Tom Owen provided a direct link between his father and himself after the death of Bill Owen.[5][30] Keith Clifford was added following three popular guest appearances on the show.[31] Brian Murphy was chosen as Nora Batty's neighbour because of his work on George and Mildred, where he played the hen-pecked husband to a strong-willed woman.[5] In 2008, the BBC announced that Russ Abbot would join the cast as a relatively more youthful actor in an upcoming series.[21]

The original cast of Last of the Summer Wine also included a handful of characters who the trio regularly interacted with. Kathy Staff was chosen to play Compo's neighbour, Nora Batty. Gilbert was initially sceptical about casting Staff but changed his mind after she padded herself to look bigger and read from a scene between her character and Owen's.[32] This group was rounded out by characters at two locations frequented by the trio: John Comer and Jane Freeman as Sid[33] and Ivy,[34] the quarreling husband-and-wife owners of the local café; and Blake Butler and Rosemary Martin as Mr. Wainwright[35] and Mrs. Partridge,[36] the librarians having a not-so-secret affair. Butler and Martin, however, were dropped as major characters after the first series. According to Peter Sallis, Roy Clarke felt there was little more he could do with them.[37]

Supporting cast members have been added throughout the run of the show. The only addition with no professional acting experience was the Holmfirth resident Gordon Wharmby, who performed so well during his audition as mechanic Wesley Pegden that Alan J. W. Bell cast him in one episode. Pegden became a regular character after a positive audience reception.[38]

When Alan J. W. Bell took over as producer, the plots of Last of the Summer Wine moved away from the original dialogue-packed scenes in the pub and the library; guest actors were brought in to interact with the trio in new situations. Although many of these guest appearances would last for only one episode,[39][40] some led to a permanent role on the show, as in the cases of Gordon Wharmby,[41] Thora Hird,[42] Jean Alexander,[43][44] Stephen Lewis,[45] Dora Bryan,[46] Keith Clifford,[46][47][48] Brian Murphy,[49] Josephine Tewson,[50] and June Whitfield.[51] Other noted guests on the programme have included John Cleese,[52] Ron Moody,[53] Sir Norman Wisdom,[54] Eric Sykes,[55] Liz Fraser,[56][57] Stanley Lebor,[58] Philip Jackson,[59][60][61] and Trevor Bannister.[62]

Scenario

Last of the Summer Wine focuses on a trio of older men and their youthful antics. The original trio consisted of Compo Simmonite, Norman Clegg and Cyril Blamire. When Blamire left in 1975 after two series, the third member of the trio would be recast four times over the next three decades: Foggy Dewhurst in 1976,[63] Seymour Utterthwaite in 1986,[64] Foggy again in 1990,[65] and Truly Truelove in 1997.[66] After Compo died in 2000, Compo's son, Tom Simmonite, filled the gap for the rest of that series,[67] and Billy Hardcastle joined the cast as the third lead character in 2001.[68] The trio became a quartet between 2003 and 2006 when Alvin Smedley moved in next-door to Nora Batty,[49] but returned to the usual threesome in 2006 when Billy Hardcastle left the show.[69]

The trio explore the world around them, experiencing a second childhood with no wives, jobs or responsibilities. They pass the time by speculating about their fellow townspeople and testing inventions.[70] Regular subplots in the first decade of the show included: Sid and Ivy bickering over the management of the café,[71] Mr. Wainwright and Mrs. Partridge having a secret love affair that everyone knows about,[35] Wally trying to get away from Nora's watchful eye,[72] Foggy's exaggerated war stories,[73] and Compo's schemes to win the affections of Nora Batty.[74]

The number of subplots on the show grew as more cast members were added. Regular subplots since the 1980s have included: Howard and Marina trying to have an affair without Howard's wife finding out (a variation of the Wainwright-Partridge subplot of the 1970s),[35] the older women meeting for tea and discussing their theories about men and life,[75] Auntie Wainwright trying to sell unwanted merchandise to unsuspecting customers[76] Smiler trying to find a woman,[77] Barry trying to better himself (at the insistence of Glenda),[78] and Tom trying to stay one step ahead of the repo man.[79]

Episodes

Main article: List of Last of the Summer Wine episodes

Last of the Summer Wine is the longest-running comedy programme in Britain. Each series has between six and twelve episodes; most are thirty minutes in length, with some specials running longer. There have been 278 entries between 1973 and 2008, counting the pilot, all episodes of the series, specials, and two films. The 29th series began being broadcast on 22 June 2008[80] and concluded on 31 August 2008.[1] Actress Juliette Kaplan confirmed on her web site that a 30th series began production in June 2008.[2]

Specials

In 1978, the BBC commissioned a Last of the Summer Wine Christmas special instead of a new series. Titled "Small Tune on a Penny Wassail", it was broadcast on 26 December 1978. Other Christmas programmes followed in 1979 and 1981. The 1981 special, "Whoops", gained 17 million viewers and was beaten only by Coronation Street for the number one spot. Since that time, Christmas shows have been produced infrequently and may constitute the only new episodes in years without an order for a new series.[81] This happened often during the 1980s when Roy Clarke's commitment to Open All Hours prevented the production of a full series every year.[82] The specials often include well-known guest stars such as John Cleese[83] and June Whitfield.[51]

The first New Years special, "The Man who Nearly Knew Pavarotti", was commissioned in 1994. The hour-long show was broadcast on 1 January 1995 and featured Norman Wisdom as a piano player who had lost the confidence to play. [39] One additional New Years programme was produced and broadcast in 2000 to celebrate the new millennium. It featured the second guest appearance by Keith Clifford and a guest appearance by Dora Bryan. Titled "Last Post and Pigeon", the show ran for sixty minutes and dealt with the trio's pilgrimage to visit World War II graves in France. Part of this special was shot on location in France.[84]

Films

In 1983, Bill Owen suggested to returning producer Alan J. W. Bell that Roy Clarke's novelisation of the show (see below) should be made into a feature length special. Other British sitcoms such as Steptoe and Son and Dad's Army had previously produced films made for the cinema. The BBC were initially sceptical as they had never before commissioned a film based on a comedy programme for original broadcast on television. They nevertheless commissioned a ninety minute film named "Getting Sam Home", which was broadcast on 27 December 1983, and started a trend which would continue with other British sitcoms, including Only Fools and Horses.[12]

After the success of "Getting Sam Home", a second film was made in 1986. Titled "Uncle of the Bride", the film featured the introduction of Michael Aldridge as Seymour, the new third man of the trio. The plot centred around the marriage of Seymour's niece, Glenda (Sarah Thomas), to Barry (Mike Grady). Also making her first appearance in the film was Thora Hird as Seymour's sister and Glenda's mother, Edie. The second film proved a success and all four new characters were carried over to the show beginning with the ninth series in 1986.[85]

Documentaries

A documentary film was commissioned to celebrate the 25th anniversary of Last of the Summer Wine. Produced and directed by Alan J. W. Bell, it featured interviews with the majority of cast and crew members, outtakes from the show, and a behind-the-scenes look at production. Segments with Duncan Wood and Barry Took explained the origins of the show and how it came to be filmed in Holmfirth. The documentary was broadcast on 30 March 1997.[15]

An updated version of the documentary was commissioned for the 30th anniversary of the series. Broadcast on 13 April 2003, this version featured an expanded interview with Brian Wilde and new interviews with Brian Murphy and Burt Kwouk.[5]

DVD releases

In September 2002, Universal Playback (licensed by the BBC) began releasing boxed sets of episodes on DVD for region two. Each set contains two consecutive full series of episodes.[86] Three "best of" collections have been released for region one, and a fourth is in production. The first, simply titled Last of the Summer Wine,[87] was released in 2003 and includes early episodes from the 1970s and 1980s. The second collection, titled Last of the Summer Wine: Vintage 1995, followed in 2004 and includes episodes from series seventeen and the 30th anniversary documentary.[88] A 2008 release named Last of the Summer Wine: Vintage 1976 focuses on the third series of the show and includes bonus interviews with Peter Sallis, Brian Wilde, and Frank Thornton.[89] A fourth title, Last of the Summer Wine: Vintage 1977, was released in September 2008. It focuses on the fourth series and feature a rare 1977 interview with Roy Clarke.[90]

Other adaptations

Spin-off

Main article: First of the Summer Wine

A spin-off prequel show, First of the Summer Wine, premiered on BBC One in 1988. The new programme was written by Roy Clarke and used different actors to follow the activities of the principal characters from Last of the Summer Wine in the months leading up to World War II. Unlike its mother show, First of the Summer Wine was not filmed in Holmfirth. Period music was used instead of Ronnie Hazlehurst's score to create a more World War II era atmosphere.[91] New supporting characters were added to those from Last of the Summer Wine. Peter Sallis and Jonathan Linsley were the only actors from the original series to appear in the spin-off: Sallis played the father of his own character from the original show and Linsley appeared during the second series as a different character.[11]

The spin-off show could not build on its early success[91] and was cancelled after two series of thirteen episodes in 1989.[92] Although the BBC has never rerun the show, it has been broadcast on UKTV Gold[91] and internationally.[93]

Stage adaptation

A live production of Last of the Summer Wine, known informally as the "summer season", was produced in Bournemouth in 1984. While Bill Owen and Peter Sallis reprised their roles as Compo and Clegg, Brian Wilde chose not to take part because of personal differences with Owen.[13] The show focused on the men's interaction with Clegg's new neighbour, Howard (Kenneth Waller) and his wife, Pearl, played by a local actress. The first act built up to the appearance of Marina (Jean Fergusson), who was in correspondence with Howard. At the end of the first act, Marina was revealed to be a blonde sexpot.[94] Howard and Marina's story line was partly based on an early subplot of the television show. In the first series, the librarian, Mr. Wainwright, was having a love affair with his married assistant, Mrs. Partridge. Despite their efforts to keep the plot a secret, especially from Mrs. Partridge's husband, the trio of old men were well aware of the affair.[35] The summer season reversed the roles: Howard became the married partner, and the challenge was to keep the affair secret from his wife.[13]

The summer season proved to be a success and frequently played to packed houses. In 1985, the show was once again produced, first as a two-week tour of Britain, and then as another summer season in Bournemouth. Fergusson returned for the second summer season, once again playing Marina. Robert Fyfe replaced Waller in the role of Howard, and Juliette Kaplan took the role of Pearl for this season. Although the new characters were not intended to be carried over to the television programme, Roy Clarke included them in four of the following six episodes of the 1985 series. All three characters remained and are still members of the television sitcom.[94]

An amended version of the show toured across Britain in 1987. Sallis was reluctant to appear in the new production, and his role in the show was rewritten and played by Derek Fowlds. Because Owen was the only member of the television show's trio to appear in the production, it was retitled Compo Plays Cupid. Once again, the summer season was a success.[95]

Other media

Coronet Books released a novelisation of Last of the Summer Wine in 1974. Written by Roy Clark as an unbroadcast original story, the novel featured Compo, Clegg and Blamire helping their friend, Sam, enjoy one last night with a glam girl. The book became the basis for the Last of the Summer Wine film, "Getting Sam Home", with Blamire being replaced by Foggy.[12] In the late 1980s, Roy Clarke wrote novels featuring Compo, Clegg and Seymour. The books were published by Penguin Books under the series heading Summer Wine Chronicles, and included such titles as Gala Week[96] and The Moonbather.[97] Clarke later adapted The Moonbather into a stage play, which was first performed by the Scunthorpe Little Theatre Club from 7 October to 11 October 2003.[98]

In the early 1980s, a daily comic strip based on the show was drawn by Roger Mahoney and appeared in the Daily Star.[99] A compilation of these strips, published by Express Books, was released in 1983.[100]

In 1993, the Summer Wine Appreciation Society asked their members for their favourite musical themes from Last of the Summer Wine. Ronnie Hazlehurst used the resulting list for an independently released CD collection, which was released under the name Last of the Summer Wine: Music from the TV Show.[101] BBC Radio released audio-only versions of episodes starting in 1995. Peter Sallis provided narration to compensate for the loss of the televised visual elements. All twelve audio episodes were released in CD format.[102]

A companion guide to the show, Last of the Summer Wine: The Finest Vintage, was released in 2000. The book was written by Morris Bright and Robert Ross and chronicled the show from its inception through the end of the 2000 series. Included were interviews with cast and crew, a character guide, and an episode guide.[103] Both the companion guide and its updated 30th anniversary version are now out of print.[104]

Reception

During its first series, Last of the Summer Wine did not receive a high ratings share. The second series proved to be a success, however, and two episodes made it to the top ten programmes of the week.[16] The programme has since consistently been a favourite in the ratings, peaking at 18.8 million viewers for an episode shown on 10 February 1985.[105] The premiere of the 28th series in 2007 brought in an 18.6 percent share of viewers in the 6:20 time slot with an average of 3.2 million viewers. Last of the Summer Wine's audience grew from 2.7 million to 3.4 million over the 30 minutes. The show was beaten for the night only by Channel 4's Big Brother with 3.6 million viewers at 9:00 p.m., although the reality show had a smaller share of viewers for its time slot.[7] The 29th series finale, which was broadcast on 31 August 2008, was watched by 4.2 million people, giving the network a 22.5% share for the night. [106]

Several members of the royal family are viewers of Last of the Summer Wine. While presenting an OBE to Roy Clarke in 2002, Prince Charles said that his grandmother, the Queen Mother, had introduced him to the show.[107] The Queen told Dame Thora Hird during a 2001 meeting that Last of the Summer Wine was her favourite television programme.[9] The show is also a favourite of Hamid Karzai, president of Afghanistan.[108]

A 2003 survey by Radio Times found that Last of the Summer Wine was the programme readers most wanted to see cancelled. With nearly 12,000 votes in the survey, the show received one-third of the total vote, and twice as many votes as the runner up in the poll, Heartbeat. Alan J. W. Bell responded that Radio Times has always been anti-Last of the Summer Wine, and Roy Clarke remarked that people who dislike the show "shouldn't switch it on" unless they are "too idle to turn it off".[109] A 2008 survey by County Life magazine, which named the show the worst thing about Yorkshire, was disputed by members of the Holme Valley Business Association, who say the show is good for business.[110] The BBC has wanted to cancel Last of the Summer Wine for years in favour of a new programme aimed at a younger demographic, but the show remains too popular for cancellation; even repeats receive ratings of as much as five million viewers per episode.[111] The show came 14th in a high-profile 2004 BBC poll to find Britain's Best Sitcom,[8][112] and it has been praised for portraying older people in a non-stereotypical, positive, and active manner. It was also praised for its clever and at times philosophical writing, and for being a family-friendly show.[8]

Last of the Summer Wine has been nominated numerous times for two British television industry awards. The show has been proposed five times between 1973 and 1985 for the British Academy Film Awards, twice for the Best Situation Comedy Series award (in 1973 and 1979) and three times for the Best Comedy Series award (in 1982, 1983, and 1985).[113] The show has also been considered for the National Television Awards four times since 1999 (in 1999,[10] 2000,[114] 2003,[115] and 2004[116] ), each time in the Most Popular Comedy Programme category. In 1999 the show won the National Television Award for Most Popular Comedy Programme.[10]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "BBC Programmes - Last of the Summer Wine - Get Out of That, Then". BBC. Retrieved on 2008-08-31.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kaplan, Juliette. "Upcoming Events". Juliette Kaplan Official Webpage. Retrieved on 2008-07-23.
  3. ↑ "The Summer Wine Story". Summer Wine Online. Summer Wine Appreciation Society. Retrieved on 2007-12-07.
  4. ↑ Mangan, Lucy (2007-11-06). "Cable girl: why has the Summer Wine lasted?", The Guardian, Guardian News and Media. Retrieved on 2007-12-04. 
  5. ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 30 Years of Last of the Summer Wine. Producer and director: Alan J. W. Bell. BBC. BBC One. 2003-04-13.
  6. ↑ Reed, Ed (2003-09-23). "Axe Summer Wine says shock magazine survey", Huddersfield Daily Examiner. Retrieved on 2007-12-04. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Oatts, Joanne (2007-07-17). "3.2 million enjoy 'Summer Wine'", Digital Spy. Retrieved on 2007-12-04. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 "Series Profile: Last of the Summer Wine" (DOC), The Insider, BBC Sales (May 2007), pp. 8–9. Retrieved on 2007-12-04. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Parkin, Jenny (2001-12-15). "A Summer Wine fit for the Queen", The Huddersfield Daily Examiner. Retrieved on 2007-12-14. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 "Thaw's double TV victory", BBC News (1999-10-27). Retrieved on 2008-05-25. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Bright and Ross (2000), p. 160
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 Bright and Ross (2000) p. 24
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 24–25
  14. ↑ Bright and Ross (2000), p. 16
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 16-17
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 17–19
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 13–14
  18. ↑ "The Summer Wine Story: Why was it filmed in Holmfirth?". Summer Wine Online. Summer Wine Appreciation Society. Retrieved on 2007-12-04.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Bright and Ross (2000), p. 117
  20. ↑ Atkinson, Neil (2005-08-16). "Is it the Last of Summer Wine?", The Huddersfield Daily Examiner. Retrieved on 2007-12-04. 
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Sherwin, Adam (2008-05-10). "Last of the Summer Wine antics 'dangerous' for elderly actors", The Times. Retrieved on 2008-05-30. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 19–20
  23. ↑ "Last of the Summer Wine - The Great Boarding-House Caper". British Board of Film Classification Database. British Board of Film Classification. Retrieved on 2008-05-30.
  24. ↑ "Last of the Summer Wine - Cheering Up Gordon". British Board of Film Classification Database. British Board of Film Classification. Retrieved on 2008-05-30.
  25. ↑ "Summer Wine Music and Lyrics", Summer Wine Online, Summer Wine Appreciation Society. Retrieved on 2007-12-27. 
  26. ↑ "Theme tune writer Hazlehurst dies", BBC News (2007-10-02). Retrieved on 2008-01-02. 
  27. ↑ Bright and Ross (2000), p. 14
  28. ↑ Bright and Ross (2000), p. 15
  29. ↑ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 61–67
  30. ↑ Bright and Ross (2000), p. 36
  31. ↑ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 139–140
  32. ↑ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 74–75
  33. ↑ Bright and Ross (2000) p. 94
  34. ↑ Bright and Ross (2000), p. 77
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 35.3 Bright and Ross (2000), p. 102
  36. ↑ Bright and Ross (2000), p. 89
  37. ↑ Tillotson, Margaret. "Interview with Peter Sallis 1994", Summer Wine Online, Summer Wine Appreciation Society. Retrieved on 2007-12-27. 
  38. ↑ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 99–101
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 Bright and Ross (2000), p. 30
  40. ↑ Bright and Ross (2000), p. 145
  41. ↑ "Car and Garter". Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director). Last of the Summer Wine. BBC One. 1982-01-11. No. 2, series 6.
  42. ↑ "Uncle of the Bride". Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director). Last of the Summer Wine. BBC One. 1986-01-01. New Year Special.
  43. ↑ "Crums". Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J W Bell (director). Last of the Summer Wine. BBC One. 1988-12-24. Christmas Special.
  44. ↑ "What's Santa Brought for Nora Then?". Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director). Last of the Summer Wine. BBC One. 1989-12-23. Christmas Special.
  45. ↑ "That Certain Smile". Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director). Last of the Summer Wine. BBC One. 1988-11-06. No. 4, series 10.
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 "Last Post and Pigeon". Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director). Last of the Summer Wine. BBC One. 2000-01-02. Millennium Special
  47. ↑ "How Errol Flynn Discovered the Secret Scar of Nora Batty". Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director). Last of the Summer Wine. BBC One. 1999-04-25. No. 2, series 20.
  48. ↑ "I Didn't Know Barry Could Play". Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director). Last of the Summer Wine. BBC One. 2000-06-04. No. 10, series 21.
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 "The Lair of the Cat Creature". Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director). Last of the Summer Wine. BBC One. 2003-01-05. No. 1, series 24.
  50. ↑ "In Which Gavin Hinchcliffe Loses the Gulf Stream". Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director). Last of the Summer Wine. BBC One. 2003-02-02. No. 6, series 24.
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 "Potts in Pole Position". Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director). Last of the Summer Wine. BBC One. 2001-12-30. Christmas Special.
  52. ↑ "Welcome to Earth". Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director). Last of the Summer Wine. BBC One. 1993-12-27. Christmas Special.
  53. ↑ "Captain Clutterbuck's Treasure". Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director). Last of the Summer Wine. BBC One. 1995-10-01. No. 4, series 17.
  54. ↑ "The Man Who Nearly Knew Pavarotti". Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director). Last of the Summer Wine. BBC One. 1995-01-01. New Year's Special.
  55. ↑ "The Second Stag Night of Doggy Wilkinson". Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director). Last of the Summer Wine. BBC One. 2007-07-15. No. 1, series 28.
  56. ↑ "Surprise at Throstlenest". Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director). Last of the Summer Wine. BBC One. 2000-04-30. No. 5, series 21.
  57. ↑ "Just a Small Funeral". Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director). Last of the Summer Wine. BBC One. 2000-05-07. No. 6, series 21.
  58. ↑ "The Phantom Number 14 Bus". Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director). Last of the Summer Wine. BBC One. 1999-06-20. No. 9, series 20.
  59. ↑ "The Great Boarding-House Bathroom Caper". Roy Clarke (writer) & Ray Butt (director). Last of the Summer Wine. BBC One. 1976-11-10. No. 3, series 3.
  60. ↑ "Cheering Up Gordon". Roy Clarke (writer) & Ray Butt (director). Last of the Summer Wine. BBC One. 1976-11-17. No. 4, series 3.
  61. ↑ "Going to Gordon's Wedding". Roy Clarke (writer) & Sydney Lotterby (director). Last of the Summer Wine. BBC One. 1976-12-01. No. 6, series 3.
  62. ↑ "Who's Got Rhythm?". Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director). Last of the Summer Wine. BBC One. 1992-12-06. No. 7, series 14.
  63. ↑ Bright and Ross (2000), p. 19
  64. ↑ Bright and Ross (2000), p. 26
  65. ↑ Bright and Ross (2000), p. 29
  66. ↑ Bright and Ross (2000), p. 31–32
  67. ↑ Bright and Ross (2000) p. 36
  68. ↑ "Getting Barry's Goat". Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director). Last of the Summer Wine. BBC One. 2001-04-01. No. 1, series 22.
  69. ↑ "A Tale of Two Sweaters". Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director). Last of the Summer Wine. BBC One. 2006-12-28. Christmas special.
  70. ↑ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 12–13
  71. ↑ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 94–96
  72. ↑ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 96–99
  73. ↑ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 58–65
  74. ↑ Bright and Ross (2000), pp 76–77
  75. ↑ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 81–83
  76. ↑ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 85–87
  77. ↑ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 110–111
  78. ↑ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 104–108
  79. ↑ "The Miraculous Curing of Old Goff Helliwell". Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director). Last of the Summer Wine. BBC One. 2003-02-09. No. 7, series 24.
  80. ↑ "BBC Programmes - Last of the Summer Wine - Enter the Finger". BBC. Retrieved on 2008-07-06.
  81. ↑ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 20–22
  82. ↑ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 23–24
  83. ↑ Bright and Ross (2000), p. 139
  84. ↑ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 35–36
  85. ↑ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 30–31
  86. ↑ Toy, June. "Summer Wine DVD - Fan's Review", Summer Wine Online, Summer Wine Appreciation Society. Retrieved on 2008-05-22. 
  87. ↑ "Last of the Summer Wine on DVD", TVShowsOnDVD.com, TVShowsOnDVD.com. Retrieved on 2008-05-22. 
  88. ↑ Lambert, David (2004-02-12). "Summer Wine on DVD this summer", TVShowsOnDVD.com, TVShowsOnDVD.com. Retrieved on 2008-05-22. 
  89. ↑ Lambert, David (2008-02-10). "Ah, That 1976 Vintage of the BBC Program Comes to DVD Next Month!", TVShowsOnDVD.com, TVShowsOnDVD.com. Retrieved on 2008-05-22. 
  90. ↑ Lambert, David (2008-05-08). "World's Longest-Running Sitcom Gets a New DVD Release This Fall", TVShowsOnDVD.com, TVShowsOnDVD.com. Retrieved on 2008-05-22. 
  91. ↑ 91.0 91.1 91.2 "First of the Summer Wine - Special Article", Summer Wine Online, Summer Wine Appreciation Society. Retrieved on 2007-12-28. 
  92. ↑ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 28–29
  93. ↑ "First of the Summer Wine - Uncovered!", Summer Wine Online, Summer Wine Appreciation Society. Retrieved on 2007-12-28. 
  94. ↑ 94.0 94.1 Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 25–26
  95. ↑ Bright and Ross (2000), p. 27
  96. ↑ Clarke, Roy (1986-10-09). 'Gala Week'. Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-010105-5. 
  97. ↑ Clarke, Roy (1987-10-29). 'The Moonbather'. Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-010997-8. 
  98. ↑ "Moonbather 2003". Scunthorpe Little Theatre Club. Retrieved on 2008-05-24.
  99. ↑ "Mahoney, Roger". The British Cartoon Archive. Retrieved on 2008-05-24.
  100. ↑ Clarke, Roy; Roger Mahoney (December 1983). Last of the Summer Wine. Express Books. ISBN 0-85079-136-7. 
  101. ↑ Eardley, Clive. "Last of the Summer Wine: Review". Summer Wine Appreciation Society. Retrieved on 2008-01-23.
  102. ↑ Sallis, Peter (2000-10-02). Last of the Summer Wine (BBC Radio Collection). BBC Audiobooks. ISBN 978-0563477143. 
  103. ↑ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 5–6
  104. ↑ Bright, Morris; Robert Ross (2001-10-25). 30 Years of "Last of the Summer Wine". BBC Books. ISBN 978-0563534457. 
  105. ↑ "Highest Rated Programmes 1985". BARB. Retrieved on 2008-05-30.
  106. ↑ Wilkes, Neil (2007-07-17). "Sky1 revamp pulls in 1 million", Digital Spy. Retrieved on 2008-09-06. 
  107. ↑ Atkinson, Neil (2002-02-28). "I'm a Wine fan, says Prince", The Huddersfield Daily Examiner. Retrieved on 2007-12-14. 
  108. ↑ "World Economic Forum diary: A Wine expert", The Times (2008-01-24). Retrieved on 2008-02-03. 
  109. ↑ Reed, Ed (2003-09-23). "Axe Summer Wine says shock magazine survey", The Huddersfield Daily Examiner. Retrieved on 2007-12-04. 
  110. ↑ Camping, Katie (2008-09-05). "Survey says Summer Wine worst thing about Yorkshire", The Huddersfield Daily Examiner. Retrieved on 2008-09-06. 
  111. ↑ Pogson, Tony (2005-03-11). "Summer Wine still gladdens the heart", The Huddersfield Daily Examiner. Retrieved on 2007-12-04. 
  112. ↑ "Britain's Best Sitcom–Top 11-100". BBC. Retrieved on 2008-05-30.
  113. ↑ "Awards Database - Last of the Summer Wine", British Academy of Film and Television Awards. Retrieved on 2008-05-25. 
  114. ↑ "National Television Awards: The winners", BBC News (2000-10-10). Retrieved on 2008-05-25. 
  115. ↑ "And the winners are...", The Northern Echo (2003-10-25). Retrieved on 2008-05-25. 
  116. ↑ "Stars battle it out for TV awards", BBC News (2004-10-16). Retrieved on 2008-05-25. 

Reference

Bright, Morris; Ross, Robert (2000-04-06). Last of the Summer Wine: The Finest Vintage. London: BBC Worldwide. ISBN 0563551518. 

External links

Roy Clarke's Last of the Summer Wine
List of characters
Series
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Current cast members
Jean Alexander · Jean Fergusson · Jane Freeman · Robert Fyfe · Mike Grady · Juliette Kaplan · Burt Kwouk · Brian Murphy · Tom Owen · Peter Sallis · Josephine Tewson · Sarah Thomas · Frank Thornton · June Whitfield
Former cast members
Michael Aldridge · Michael Bates · Dora Bryan · Blake Butler · Keith Clifford · John Comer · Joe Gladwin · Dame Thora Hird · Stephen Lewis · Jonathan Linsley · Rosemary Martin · Danny O'Dea · Bill Owen · Kathy Staff · Julie T. Wallace · Gordon Wharmby · Brian Wilde
Producers and directors
James Gilbert · Bernard Thompson · Sydney Lotterby · Ray Butt · Alan J. W. Bell
Related shows
Comedy Playhouse · First of the Summer Wine