Khabarovsk Krai
| Khabarovsk Krai (English) Хабаровский край (Russian) |
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|---|---|
 Location of Khabarovsk Krai in Russia |
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| Coat of Arms | Flag |
 Coat of arms of Khabarovsk Krai |
 Flag of Khabarovsk Krai |
| Anthem: n/a | |
| Administrative center | Khabarovsk |
| Established | October 20, 1938 |
| Political status Federal district Economic region |
Krai Far Eastern Far Eastern |
| Code | 27 |
| Area | |
| Area - Rank within Russia |
788,600 km² 4th |
| Population (as of the 2002 Census) | |
| Population - Rank within Russia - Density - Urban - Rural |
1,436,570 inhabitants 35th 1.8 inhab. / km² 80.6% 19.4% |
| Official language | Russian |
| Government | |
| Governor | Viktor Ishayev |
| Chairman of the Government | Viktor Ishayev |
| Legislative body | Legislative Duma |
| Charter | Charter of Khabarovsk Krai |
| Official website | |
| http://www.khabkrai.ru/ | |
Khabarovsk Krai (Russian: Хаба́ровский край, Khabarovsky kray) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in the Russian Far East. It lies mostly in the basin of the lower Amur River, but also occupies a vast mountainous area along the coastline of the Sea of Okhotsk, an arm of the Pacific Ocean. The administrative center of the krai is the city of Khabarovsk. The indigenous people of the area are the Evenks, Negidals, Ulchs, Nanai, Oroch, Udege, and Amur Nivkhs.[1]
Contents |
History
400s-900
According to various Chinese and Korean records, the southern part of Khabarovsk Krai was originally occupied one of the five semi-nomadic Shiwei, the Bo Shiwei tribes (Chinese : 钵室韋) and the Black Water Mohe tribes living respectively on the west and the east of the Bureinsky and the Malyi Khingan ranges.
1600s-1850
In 1643, Vassili Poyarkov's boats descended the Amur, returning to Yakutsk by the Sea of Okhotsk and the Aldan River, and in 1649–1650 Yerofey Khabarov occupied the banks of the Amur. The resistance of the Chinese, however, obliged the Cossacks to quit their forts, and by the Treaty of Nerchinsk (1689) Russia abandoned her advance into the basin of the river.
Although losing the rights to navigate the Amur River, the Chinese Qing Empire, however, never claimed the lower courses of the river. Nikolay Muravyov insisted on conducting an aggressive policy with China by claiming that the lower reaches of the Amur River belong to Russians.
Later in 1852, a Russian military expedition under Muravyov explored the Amur, and by 1857 a chain of Russian Cossacks and peasants were settled along the whole course of the river. The accomplished fact was recognized by China in 1860 by the Treaty of Aigun, recognized the Amur River as the boundary between Russia and Qing Empire, and granted Russia free access to the Pacific Ocean.
Geography
Khabarovsk Krai shares its borders with Magadan Oblast in the north, with the Sakha Republic and Amur Oblast in the west, with the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, People's Republic of China, and Primorsky Krai in the south, and is limited by the Sea of Okhotsk in the east. It is the fourth-largest federal district within the Russian Federation, with a comparative land area slightly larger than that of the U.S. state of Texas.
Taiga and tundra in the north, swampy forest in the central depression, and deciduous forest in the south are the natural vegetation in the area.
Time zone
Khabarovsk Krai is located in the Vladivostok Time Zone (VLAT/VLAST). UTC offset is +1000 (VLAT)/+1100 (VLAST).
| History of the Priamurye region (incl. also Heilongjiang, Amur Oblast and south. part of Khabarovsk Krai) |
|---|
| Sushen |
| Mohe|Shiwei |
| Balhae |
| Khitan |
| Liao Dynasty|Daurs |
| Jin Dynasty (1115-1234)|Nivkhs |
| Eastern Jin (1215-1234) |
| Yuan Dynasty|Evenks |
| Yeren Jurchens|Solon Khanate |
| Qing Dynasty|Nanais|Ulchs |
| Russian Exploration|Negidals |
| Manchus-Cossacks wars (1652-1689) |
| Nerchinsk |
| Governement-General of Eastern Siberia |
| Aigun |
| Li-Lobanov Treaty |
| Siberian Regional Government |
| Far-Eastern Republic |
| Far-Eastern Oblast |
| Soviet invasion of Manchuria (1945) |
| Sino-Soviet border conflict |
| Far Eastern Federal District |
Economy
Major industries include timberworking and fishing, along with metallurgy in the main cities, although the krai's own mineral resources are poorly developed. Komsomolsk-on-Amur is the iron and steel center of the Far East; a pipeline from northern Sakhalin supplies the petroleum-refining industry in the city of Khabarovsk. In the Amur basin, there is also some cultivation of wheat and soybeans. The capital city, Khabarovsk, is at the junction of the Amur River and the Trans-Siberian railway.
Demographics
According to the 2002 census, 89.8% of the population are Russians, 3.4% Ukrainians, 0.77% Nanais, 0.76% Tatars 0.66% Koreans and 0.62% Belarusians.
In addition to the Nanai, other indigenous groups include the Evenks and Evens to the north and some Ulchs to the south of the lower Amur river. Some Nivkhs (Gilyak), an indigenous fishing people with an isolated language, still live around the Amur river delta. There are also Negidals (567), Orochs (686), and Udege (1,657) according to the 2002 census
- Births (Jan-Spt 2008): 12,741 (12.1 per 1000)
- Deaths (Jan-Spt 2008): 14,902 (14.2 per 1000) [1]
Birth rate for 2008 is 6.6% higher than that in 2007 and death rate is 0.8% lower. Birth rate was recorded at 11.6 for 2007 (11.1 for Urban areas and 13.8 for Rural areas). Death rate was 14.2 in 2007 (14.3 for Urban areas and 14.0 for Rural areas). It is expected that Rural locations of Khabarovsk Krai will have a positive natural growth of population in 2008 (First time in 16 years). [2]
External links
- (English)Informations concerning the Shiwei tribes and their relationship with the Khitans
- (Russian) Brief history of Khabaovsk Krai
Administrative divisions
Notes
- ↑ Chaussonnet, p.109
References
- Chaussonnet, Valerie (1995) Native Cultures of Alaska and Siberia. Arctic Studies Center. Washington, D.C. 112p. ISBN 1560986611
Media related to Khabarovsk Krai at Wikimedia Commons
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