KFC

KFC
Type Wholly owned subsidiary
Genre Southern fried chicken
Founded 1929 (original) (North Corbin, Kentucky)
1952 (franchise) (Salt Lake City, Utah)
Founder(s) Harland Sanders
Headquarters Louisville, Kentucky
Key people Gregg R. Derrick President
Harvey R. Brownlea COO
James O'Reilly VP for Marketing
Industry Fast food
Products Fried Chicken and related Southern foods
Revenue $520.3 million USD (2007)[1]
Employees 24,000 (2007)[1]
Parent Yum! Brands
Website http://www.kfc.com/

KFC, founded and also known as Kentucky Fried Chicken, is a chain of fast food restaurants based in Louisville, Kentucky. KFC was a wholly owned subsidiary of Tricon from 1997–2002, and has been a wholly owned subsidiary of Yum! Brands since 2002. The chain also advertises itself as Poulet Frit Kentucky or PFK in the province of Quebec in Canada.

KFC primarily sells chicken in form of pieces, wraps, salads and burgers. While its primary focus is fried chicken, KFC also offers a line of roasted chicken products, sides and desserts. Outside North America, KFC offers beef based products such as burgers or kebabs, pork based products such as ribs and other regional fare. The popularity and novelty of KFC has led to the general formula of the fried chicken fast-food restaurant being copied by restaurant owners worldwide.

The company was founded as Kentucky Fried Chicken by Colonel Harland Sanders in 1952, though the idea of KFC's fried chicken actually goes back to 1930. The company adopted the abbreviated form of its name, KFC, in 1991.[2] Starting in April 2007, the company began using its original appellation of Kentucky Fried Chicken again for its signage, packaging and advertisements in the United States as part of a new corporate re-branding program;[3][4] newer and remodeled restaurants will have the new logo and name while older stores will continue to use the 1980s signage. Additionally, the company continues to use the abbreviation KFC freely in its advertising. Internationally the company is still known as KFC.

Contents

History

The restaurant in North Corbin, Kentucky where Colonel Sanders developed Kentucky Fried Chicken
World's first KFC in South Salt Lake, Utah, since replaced by a new KFC on the same site

Born and raised in Henryville, Indiana, Sanders passed through several professions in his lifetime.[5] Sanders first served his fried chicken in 1930 in the midst of the Great Depression at a gas station he owned in North Corbin, Kentucky. The dining area was named "Sanders Court & Café" and was so successful that in 1936 Kentucky Governor Ruby Laffoon granted Sanders the title of honorary Kentucky Colonel in recognition of his contribution to the state's cuisine. The following year Sanders expanded his restaurant to 142 seats, and added a motel he bought across the street.[6] When Sanders prepared his chicken in his original restaurant in North Corbin, he prepared the chicken in an iron skillet, which took about 30 minutes to do, too long for a restaurant operation. In 1939, Sanders altered the cooking process for his fried chicken to use a pressure fryer, resulting in a greatly reduced cooking time comparable to that of deep frying.[7] In 1940 Sanders devised what came to be known as his Original Recipe.[8]

The Sanders Court & Café generally served travelers, often those headed to Florida, so when the route planned in the 1950s for what would become Interstate 75 bypassed Corbin, he sold his properties and traveled the U.S. to sell his chicken to restaurant owners. Sanders entered into franchise agreements paying him five cents for each piece of chicken sold. The first to take him up on the offer was Pete Harman in South Salt Lake, Utah; together, they opened the first "Kentucky Fried Chicken" outlet in 1952.[9] By the early 1960s Kentucky Fried Chicken was sold in over 600 franchised outlets in both the United States and Canada. One of the longest-lived franchisees of the older Col. Sanders' chicken concept, as opposed to the KFC chain, was the Kenny Kings chain. The company owned many Northern Ohio diner-style restaurants, the last of which closed in 2004. Sanders sold the entire KFC franchising operation in 1964 for $2 million USD [10] Since that time, the chain has been sold three more times, most recently to PepsiCo, which made it part of its Tricon Global Restaurants division, which in turn was spun off in 1997, and has now been renamed to Yum! Brands. Additionally, Colonel Sanders' nephew, Lee Cummings, took his own Kentucky Fried Chicken franchises (and a chicken recipe of his own) and converted them to his own "spin-off" restaurant chain, Lee's Famous Recipe Chicken.

Today, some of the older KFC restaurants have become famous in their own right. One such restaurant is located in Marietta, Georgia. This store is notable for a 56-foot (17 m) tall sign that looks like a chicken. The sign, known locally as the Big Chicken, was built for an earlier fast-food restaurant on the site called Johnny Reb's Chick, Chuck and Shake. It is often used as a travel reference point in the Atlanta area by locals and pilots.[11]

The original handwritten recipe, along with vials containing samples of each of 11 herbs and spices, is kept locked away at the KFC corporate headquarters in Louisville, Kentucky. Only 2 executives have access to it and to maintain security, the company uses multiple suppliers each providing only a portion of the final ingredients.[12]

Products

Packaging

The famous paper bucket that KFC uses for its larger sized orders of chicken and has come to signify the company was originally created by Wendy's restaurants founder Dave Thomas. Thomas was originally a franchisee of the original Kentucky Fried Chicken and operated several outlets in the Columbus, Ohio area. His reasoning behind using the paper packaging was that it helped keep the chicken crispy by wicking away excess moisture. The rotating bucket sign was designed by Leonard Goldstein to advertise the availability of Kentucky Fried Chicken at his Lendy's Restaurants in Roanoke and Salem, VA. The signs first appeared in 1961, a year before Dave Thomas took over 4 Kentucky Fried Chicken stores in Columbus, OH.

Menu items

This is a list of menu items sold at KFC.

Chicken

KFC's Original Recipe fried chicken and French fries

Other products

Coleslaw

Sides

Discontinued products

Nutritional value

KFC formerly used partially hydrogenated oil in its fried foods. This oil contains relatively high levels of trans fat, which increases the risk of heart disease. The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) filed a court case against KFC, with the aim of making it use other types of oils or make sure customers know about trans fat content immediately before they buy food.

In October 2006, KFC announced that it would begin frying its chicken in trans fat-free oil. This would also apply to their potato wedges and other fried foods, however, the biscuits, macaroni and cheese, and mashed potatoes would still contain trans fat. Trans fat-free soybean oil was introduced in all KFC restaurants in the U.S. by 30 April 2007. CSPI announced that it would immediately drop its lawsuit against KFC and was hopeful that this would create a ripple effect on other restaurants or fast food chains that prepare food rich in trans fat. "If KFC, which deep-fries almost everything, can get the artificial trans fat out of its frying oil, anyone can," CSPI executive director Michael Jacobson said in a statement.[18]

Advertising

KFC's logo used from 1991 until November 2006

Early television advertisements for KFC regularly featured Colonel Sanders licking his fingers and talking to the viewer about his secret recipe and the importance of a family joining one another for a meal. Despite his death in 1980, this angle was quite common through the 1980s and up until the early-mid 1990s.

Throughout the mid 1980s, KFC called on Will Vinton Studios to produce a series of humorous, claymation ads. These most often featured a cartoon-like chicken illustrating the poor food quality of competing food chains, mentioning prolonged freezing and other negative aspects.[19] TV ads also featured Foghorn Leghorn advising Henery Hawk to visit the restaurant for better chicken.

In the 80s, KFC was an associate sponsor for Junior Johnson's NASCAR Winston Cup Series cars, with such drivers as Darrell Waltrip, Neil Bonnett, and Terry Labonte.

In 1997 KFC briefly re-entered the NASCAR Winston Cup Series as sponsor of the #26 Darrell Waltrip Motorsports Chevrolet with driver Rich Bickle at the Brickyard 400.

A co-branded Long John Silvers and KFC

By the late 1990s, the stylized likeness of Colonel Sanders as the KFC logo had been modified. KFC ads began featuring an animated version of "the Colonel" voiced by Randy Quaid with a lively and enthusiastic attitude. He would often start out saying "The Colonel here!" and moved across the screen with a cane in hand. The Colonel was often shown dancing, singing, and knocking on the TV screen as he spoke to the viewer about the product. In reference to these ads, William Shatner shouted "The Colonel is breakdancing! Give me a break!" in the song "I Can't Get Behind That"

The animated Colonel is uncommon today. Still using a humorous slant, the current KFC campaign revolves mostly around customers enjoying the food. It also features a modified version of Lynyrd Skynyrd's "Sweet Home Alabama" as the theme song for practically all its commercials, though the restaurant actually hails from Kentucky.

In 2006, KFC claimed to have made the first logo visible from outer space, though Readymix has had one since 1965.[20][21] KFC says "[It] marked the official debut of a massive global re-image campaign that will contemporize 14,000-plus KFC restaurants in over 80 countries over the next few years." The logo was built from 65,000 one-foot-square tiles, and it took six days on site to construct in early November. The logo measured a record-breaking 87,500 square feet (8,130 m2), and was placed in the Mojave Desert near Rachel, Nevada.[22]

Many KFC locations are co-located with one or more of Yum! Brands restaurants, Long John Silvers, Taco Bell, Pizza Hut, or A&W Restaurants. Many of these locations behave like a single restaurant, offering a single menu with food items from both restaurants.[23]

The resurrected Kentucky Fried Chicken logo

One of KFC's latest advertisements is a commercial advertising its "wicked crunch box meal". The commercial features a fictional black metal band called "Hellvetica" performing live, the lead singer then swallows fire. The commercial then shows the lead singer at a KFC eating the "wicked crunch box meal" and saying "Oh man that is hot".

In 2007, the original, non-acronymic Kentucky Fried Chicken name was resurrected and began to reappear on company marketing literature and food packaging, as well as some restaurant signage.

International operations

Examples of Kentucky Fried Chicken's international operations

(Listed alphabetically by country)

Countries with KFC restaurants

Countries with KFC restaurants
Key:
Blue: Countries currently with KFC restaurants

Global locations

Canada

In Quebec, KFC was officially rebranded as PFK (Poulet Frit Kentucky) in the late 1970s. In one scene of Dawn of the Dead, filmed in Ontario, this French logo is briefly visible (Canadian packages are bilingual, this usually include brandings, if they differ).

China

KFC is known as 肯德基炸鸡 (pinyin: Kěn Dé Jī Zhà Jī) in China.

In 1987, it opened its first store in Beijing, the capital of China. In 2007, it has over 1800 restaurants in 402 cities in all Mainland China's provinces other than Tibet. [25] From 2000 to 2005, it was selected as the "Best chain store brand." [26] KFC in China also serves other poultry in addition to chicken.

Bangladesh

KFC opened its first outlet in Dhaka in 2006[27]. Currently KFC has only two outlets (Dhanmondi and Gulshan) in the country and both are in the capital Dhaka. Like its YUM counterpart Pizza Hut it too charges the highest in the subcontinent. Transcom Foods is the local franchisee for KFC, Pizza Hut and Pepsi in the country.

Germany

KFC restaurant in Munich at the "Euro-Industie-Park"

The first KFC locations opened in Germany in the 1960s thus making it one of the first European countries where KFC established itself. Currently, there are 57 locations in Germany, with most located in major cities (mostly Berlin, Cologne, Munich, Frankfurt, Hamburg to name a few), with at least 1 new location planned for Cologne in early 2009. Within the last 6 months, 4 new locations were opened in Augsburg - (Derchinger Strasse), Berlin - (S-Bahnbogen Alexanderplatz), Bremen and Eschborn. The Würselen restaurant reopened in late November after undergoing a major renovation[28]. The new Dortmund location opened in April marking the end of a 3-year absence in that city. On May 13, 2008, KFC opened their largest restaurant worldwide in Munich at the "Euro-Industie-Park".[29]

India

In India, KFC has not established itself in any large way as opposed to another Yum! brand-name restaurant, Pizza Hut, which is prevalent in most Indian cities. It has outlets in Chandigarh, Pune, New Delhi, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Kolkata and Chennai. The success of the Mumbai restaurant led KFC to introduce the hot and spicy chicken flavor which is more acceptable to the Indian palate. More recently, KFC has opened outlets in Vashi, Navi Mumbai.

A life-sized statue of Colonel Sanders (Ken Scott) [30] stands and greets customers outside a KFC in Tokyo, Japan.

Japan

KFC is often referred to as ケンタッキー (kentakkii?) in Japanese.

KFC Japan was founded in 1970. A life size statue of the Colonel stands in front of most stores in Japan. Fried chicken is an especially popular dish at Christmas time and on Christmas Eve many families, many of who have made reservations weeks in advance, have their traditional Christmas dinner of Kentucky Fried Chicken at home.[31]

Pakistan

KFC came to Pakistan in 1996 with the first branch opening in Karachi and later in Lahore. The Franchisee was a Pakistani owned and operated, Dubai-based company the Cupola Group, which owns licenses and its own restaurant throughout Pakistan and the middle-east. The company's creatives have been changed significantly over the years to promote a Pakistani image rather than an American one, after the invasion of Afghanistan and Iraq, which resulted in loss of significant business.

Philippines

In the Philippines, the KFC name is turned into an acronym to stand for "Kapag Fried Chicken... mag-KFC" to stand for "If fried chicken... have KFC".

Poland

First KFC restaurant in Poland was opened in 1993 in Warsaw. As of May 2008, KFC has 87 restaurants in Poland operated by AmRest company. Many of those restaurants are drive-through. AmRest operates KFC also in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Russia, Bulgaria and Serbia.

Puerto Rico

KFC restaurants around the Island are colloquially referred to simply as Kentucky rather than being known as either KFC or Kentucky Fried Chicken.

Taiwan

KFC is the most popular Western fast-food chain in Taiwan.[32] Local menu items include egg tarts, and lotus root salad.

United Kingdom & Ireland

The first KFC outside of the United States and Canada was opened in Preston, England in 1965, becoming the first American fast food chain to open in the UK, there are now over 750 locations across the UK and Ireland. The franchise was initially run by an independent company known as KFC GB Ltd. until 1986 when Pepsico purchased it as part of a joint venture with Trust house Forte, in 1997 when Tricon (now Yum!) was spun off from Pepsico it gained full ownership of the UK & Ireland operations. The UK & Ireland operation is seen as KFC's European base and is often used to train franchisees from across Europe due to its great success and restaurant quality.[33] KFC is currently undergoing a massive expansion in the UK which plans to add between 200 and 400 new restaurants in the next 5 years, in the last 5 years 200 restaurants were opened making KFC the fastest growing fast food chain in the UK.[34] If KFC growth continues it will soon overtake McDonald's (with 1,150 restaurants) as the largest fast food chain in the UK.

Criticisms

Environmental concerns

KFC has been accused of a large destruction of the Amazon Rainforest, because the supply of soy used for chicken food KFC receives from Cargill has been traced back to the European KFC. Cargill has reportedly been exporting soy illegally for several years.[35] The Greenpeace organization researched the issue and brought it to the attention of the parent company YUM! Brands, Inc. The parent company denied the illegal operation, and said that their supply of soy is grown in parts of Brazil.[35] Greenpeace has called on KFC to stop purchasing soy from Cargill, to avoid contributing to the destruction of the Amazon.[35][36]

Trademark disputes

In 1971, Sanders sued Heublein Inc., KFC's parent company at the time, over the alleged misuse of his image in promoting products he had not helped develop. In 1975, Heublein Inc. unsuccessfully sued Sanders for libel after he publicly referred to their gravy as "sludge" with a "wallpaper taste".[37]

In May 2007 KFC (Great Britain) requested that Tan Hill Inn, in the Yorkshire Dales, North Yorkshire, UK refrain from using the term 'Family Feast' to describe its Christmas menu,[38] although this problem was quickly resolved with the pub being allowed to continue use of the term.[39]

Protesters demonstrating outside a KFC restaurant in Royal Oak, Michigan
Balmoral KFC workers and allies picketing the store

Wages and working conditions

Like many fast food outlets, KFC employs a high proportion of young, unskilled workers, at or just above minimum wage, and its workers are not unionized. In New Zealand, KFC youth workers earn NZ$10.13 an hour. Staff at the Balmoral, Auckland store went on strike for two hours on December 3, 2005 after Restaurant Brands, the franchise holder, offered no wage increase in contract negotiations.[40] In March of 2006, Restaurant Brands agreed to phase out youth rates in New Zealand, although no date was set.

Many stores in western Canada are unionized with the Canadian Auto Workers, and as a result many non-franchise stores in western Canada pay higher than minimum wage. In British Columbia, where minimum wage is $8 an hour, KFC employees make between $10 and $11 an hour.

Animal rights

Since 2003, animal rights and welfare organizations, led by People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), have been protesting KFC’s treatment of the animals used for its products. These groups claim that the recommendations of the KFC Animal Welfare Advisory Council have been ignored.[41] Adele Douglass, a former member of the council, said in an SEC filing reported on by the Chicago Times, that KFC "never had any meetings. They never asked any advice, and then they touted to the press that they had this animal-welfare advisory committee. I felt like I was being used."[42][43]

KFC responded by saying the chickens used in its products are bought from suppliers like Perdue Farms, Tyson Foods, and Pilgrim's Pride, and that these suppliers are routinely monitored for animal welfare violations.[44] Several PETA undercover investigations and videos of these and other KFC suppliers purport to show chickens being beaten, ripped apart, and thrown against walls contradict KFC’s claims.[45] PETA has criticised some of the practices of chicken breeders, such as beak trimming and overcrowding, but KFC says its suppliers meets UK legal requirements. The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs recommends a maximum stocking density of 34kg—around 30 chickens—per square metre, and say that in circumstances where beak trimming needs to be carried out to prevent the birds injuring each other, only one third of the beak should be trimmed "measured from the tip towards the entrance of the nostrils".[46] There have been more than 12,000 demonstrations at KFC outlets since 2003 because of this alleged mistreatment of chickens by KFC suppliers.

In June 2008, KFC Canada agreed to PETA's demands for better welfare standards, including favoring suppliers who use controlled-atmosphere killing (CAK) of chickens, and other welfare standards as well as introducing a vegan sandwich at 65% of its outlets. PETA has called off its campaign against KFC Canada, but continues to demonstrate against KFC elsewhere in the world.[47]

Urban legends

Urban legends about KFC's rebranding from Kentucky Fried Chicken include the notion that the Commonwealth of Kentucky planned legal action against the chain due to a trademark on "Kentucky." Another popular tale is that the chicken products came from highly genetically modified animals without feathers, beaks, or feet, which were easier to harvest; the corollary to the myth is that the chain was forced to change its name from Kentucky Fried Chicken to KFC since it otherwise would be falsely advertising their products as being made from actual chickens.[48]

The TLC program Mostly True Stories: Urban Legends Revealed had a segment called "Kentucky Fried Rat," which aired on June 10, 2003. The story described a woman who purchased a dinner from KFC as a shortcut in the evening preparations for her family, only for the dinner that was supposed to be chicken turn out to be rat[49]. According to the show, the story was not true.

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Joe Bramhall. "KFC". Hoovers.com. Retrieved on 2008-02-21.
  2. ↑ Peter O. Keegan (1991-02-21). "KFC shuns 'fried' image with new name – Kentucky Fried Chicken has changed its name to KFC". Nation's Restaurant News. Retrieved on 2007-08-24.
  3. ↑ "KFC Resurrecting Old Kentucky Fried Chicken Name, With New Image". buzzle.com (2005-05-01). Retrieved on 2007-08-28.
  4. ↑ Anne DiNardo. "Kentucky Fried Chicken: Fast Food Makeover". VMSD.com date=2005-08-29. Retrieved on 2007-08-28.
  5. ↑ Doug Bennett, Jr.. "Kentucky’s Colonel Sanders". The Courier-Journal. Retrieved on October 28, 2007.
  6. ↑ Kevin Beimers, Aimee Lingman. "Doing Chicken Right Since 1932". roadtrip.beimers.com. Retrieved on October 28, 2007.
  7. ↑ KFC (2007). "The Pressure Cooker". KFC. Retrieved on October 28, 2007.
  8. ↑ KFC (2007). "History". KFC. Retrieved on October 28, 2007.
  9. ↑ Jenifer K. Nii (2004). "Colonel's landmark KFC is mashed". Deseret Morning News. Retrieved on October 28, 2007.
  10. ↑ I've Got A Secret interview, originally broadcast April 6, 1964 (rebroadcast by GSN March 30, 2008).
  11. ↑ Roadside America. "The Big Chicken". Roadside America. Retrieved on 2007-04-16.
  12. ↑ "KFC bolsters security – for secret recipe", CNN Money (September 9, 2008). 
  13. ↑ Alex Davis for the Louisville Courier-Journal (2007). "KFC tries Kentucky fried fish". Archive. Kentucky Community and Technical College System. Retrieved on October 28, 2007.
  14. ↑ Little Bucket Parfaits - KFC.com
  15. ↑ Peter O. Keegan (1993). "Rotisserie Gold media blitz storms nation". Nations Restaurant News. Retrieved on 2007-08-21.
  16. ↑ YouTube – KFC Chicken Littles 1987 TV Commercial
  17. ↑ Webb Howell, (2000). "Power to the People". QSR Magazine. Retrieved on 2007-08-21.
  18. ↑ Todd Zwillich (2006). "KFC to Fry Chicken Without Trans Fats". WebMD. Retrieved on October 28, 2007.
  19. ↑ Animate Clay!. "Vinton Studio Commercials". Animate Clay!.
  20. ↑ KFC (2006). "KFC Creates World's First Brand Visible from Space". Press Release. KFC. Retrieved on October 28, 2007.
  21. ↑ Stephen Hutcheon (2006). "Giant Nullarbor logo zooms back into focus". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved on 2007-10-28.
  22. ↑ Associated Press (2006). "KFC Unveils New Logo with Giant Image in Nevada Desert". FOX News. Retrieved on October 28, 2007.
  23. ↑ Melanie Warner (2005-07-11). "Diners Walk Through One Door and Visit Two Restaurants". the New York Times. Retrieved on 2007-12-29. "Yum's multibranded stores have two illuminated logos, but they function as one restaurant. They have combined kitchens, a single line of cashiers and a staff trained to prepare both sets of menu items."
  24. ↑ Tony Perry. "IRAQ: The colonel deploys to Fallouja". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved on 2008-07-31.
  25. ↑ Yum! Brands. Yum! China Division. Retrieved on December 9, 2007.
  26. ↑ People's Daily. China Grants Kentucky Best Franchise Brand. Retrieved on December 9, 2007.
  27. ↑ http://www.kfcbd.com
  28. ↑ KFC Kentucky Fried Chicken | restaurants
  29. ↑ According to the advertisements on the restaurant itself.
  30. ↑ HRHS
  31. ↑ The Age (2005). "Deck the malls, it's Yuletide in Japan". The Age Company Ltd.. Retrieved on October 28, 2007.
  32. ↑ Jack Marr, Alcinda Hatfield. "Fast-Food Restaurants: Just What Eastern China's Consumers Ordered". USDA Foreign Agricultural Service. Retrieved on October 28, 2007.
  33. ↑ KFC :: About KFC
  34. ↑ Home
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 Greenpeace (2006). "KFC exposed for trashing the Amazon rainforest for buckets of chicken". Greenpeace. Retrieved on October 28, 2007.
  36. ↑ Brazil Magazine (2006). "KFC's Secret Ingredients Include Soy That's Destroying the Amazon, Says Greenpeace". Brazil Magazine. Retrieved on October 28, 2007.
  37. ↑ Kleber, John E.; Thomas D. Clark, Lowell H. Harrison, and James C. Klotter (June 1992). The Kentucky Encyclopedia. University Press of Kentucky. pp. 796. ISBN 0-81311-772-0. 
  38. ↑ "Pub Fights KFC for 'Family Feast'". BBC (2007-05-10). Retrieved on 2008-04-29.
  39. ↑ Porter, John (10 May 2007). "KFC lets Yorkshire pub keep its family feast". The Publican. Retrieved on 2008-09-17.
  40. ↑ The New Zealand Herald (2005). "KFC staff to strike". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved on October 28, 2007.
  41. ↑ Dr. Temple Grandin, Dr. Johan Raj, Dr. Ian Duncan (2005). "Animal welfare recommendations and proposed plan of action for implementation at KFC suppliers" (.pdf). People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. Retrieved on October 28, 2007.
  42. ↑ Securities and Exchange Commission (2006). "Relating to an Animal Welfare Standards Report – Shareholder Proposal". EDGAR Online, Inc.. Retrieved on October 28, 2007.
  43. ↑ David Montgomery (2003). "Small But Mighty Rights Group Tries Gentler Approach". Archived. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved on October 28, 2007.
  44. ↑ CNN (2003). "Pamela Anderson takes on KFC". CNN. Retrieved on October 28, 2007.
  45. ↑ PETA (2005). "Undercover Investigations". PETA. Retrieved on October 28, 2007.
  46. ↑ Andrew Shanahan (2005-10-28). "Anatomy of a dish:KFC Family Feast – eight pieces of chicken(known as the "finger lickin chicken"), four regular fries, gravy and corn cobettes, £9.99", the Guardian. Retrieved on 2008-01-17. 
  47. ↑ 'Kentucky Fried Cruelty' comes to an end
  48. ↑ Barbara and David Mikkelson. "Tastes like Chicken". Urban Legends Reference Pages.
  49. ↑ Mostly True Stories: Urban Legends Revealed Episodes | TVGuide.com

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