John D. Carmack

John Carmack
Carmack at the 2006 E3
Born	August 20, 1970 (1970-08-20) (age 39) Roeland Park, Kansas
Occupation	Technical Director, id Software Founder, Armadillo Aerospace
Spouse(s)	Katherine Anna Kang
Children	1

John D. Carmack II (born August 20 1970) is an American game programmer, and the co-founder of id Software. Carmack was the lead programmer of the id computer games Commander Keen, Wolfenstein 3D, Doom, Quake, and the sequels to Doom and Quake.

Though Carmack is best known for his innovations in 3D graphics, he is also a rocketry enthusiast and the founder and lead engineer of Armadillo Aerospace.

Contents 1 Biography 1.1 Youth 1.2 Game programming 2 Games 3 Armadillo Aerospace 3.1 Aerospace 4 Free software 5 Personal life 6 Professional philosophy 7 Recognition 8 References 9 Further reading 10 External links

Biography

Youth

Carmack, son of local television news reporter Stan Carmack, grew up in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area where he became interested in computers at an early age. He attended Shawnee Mission East High School in Prairie Village, Kansas and Raytown South High School in nearby Raytown, Missouri. As reported in David Kushner's Masters of Doom, "when Carmack was 14, he broke into a school to steal Apple II computers, was arrested, and sent for psychiatric evaluation (the report mentions "no empathy for other human beings"). Carmack was then sentenced to a year in a juvenile home. ... he was asked "if you had not been caught, would you consider doing it again?" he answered "probably" but when the therapist presented this evaluation he neglected to repeat "if you had not been caught" from his statement".^[1] After scoring a 1500 on the SAT (780 Math, 720 Verbal), he attended the University of Missouri–Kansas City for two semesters before withdrawing to work as a freelance programmer.

Game programming

Softdisk, a computer company in Shreveport, Louisiana, hired Carmack to work on Softdisk G-S (an Apple IIGS publication), uniting him with John Romero and other future key members of id Software such as Adrian Carmack (not related). Later, this team would be placed by Softdisk in charge of a new, but short-lived, bi-monthly game subscription product called Gamer's Edge for the IBM PC (MS-DOS) platform. In 1990, while still at Softdisk, Carmack, Romero, and others created the first of the Commander Keen games, a series which was published by Apogee Software, under the shareware distribution model, from 1991 onwards. Afterwards, Carmack left Softdisk to co-found id Software, where he remains.

He has pioneered or popularised the use of many techniques in computer graphics, including "adaptive tile refresh" for Commander Keen, raycasting for Hovertank 3-D, Catacomb 3-D, and Wolfenstein 3-D, binary space partitioning which Doom became the first game to use, surface caching which he invented for Quake, Carmack's Reverse (formally known as z-fail stencil shadows) which he devised for Doom 3, and MegaTexture, used in Enemy Territory: Quake Wars. While he was not the first to discover Carmack's Reverse, he developed it independently without knowing of the prior research done on the subject.

Carmack's engines have also been licensed for use in other influential first-person shooters such as Half-Life, Call of Duty and Medal of Honor.

When Carmack was on vacation with his wife, he ended up playing some games on her cellphone, and he realized that the games weren't any good. He then decided he was going to make a good mobile game. When he got back from his vacation he revealed that he had started working on Doom RPG.^[2]

Games

Titles are listed below in chronological order.

Date of Release	Title	Developer	Publisher	Credited for
TBA	Doom 4	id Software	TBD	TBD
TBA	Rage	id Software	Electronic Arts	TBD
TBA	Wolfenstein	Raven Software	Activision Blizzard	TBD
2007	Enemy Territory: Quake Wars	Splash Damage	Activision	programming
2006	Orcs & Elves	Fountainhead Entertainment	Electronic Arts	producer/programmer/writer
2005	Doom RPG	Fountainhead Entertainment	id Software	producer/programmer
2005	Quake 4	Raven Software	Activision	technical director
2005	Doom 3: Resurrection of Evil	Nerve Software	Activision	technical director
2004	Doom 3	id Software	Activision	technical director
2001	Return to the castle of Wolfenstein	id Software	Activision	technical director
2000	Quake III: Team Arena	id Software	Activision	programming
1999	Quake III Arena	id Software	Activision	programming
1997	Quake II	id Software	Activision	programming
1997	Doom 64	Midway Games	Midway Games	programming
1996	Strife	Rogue Entertainment	Velocity	engine programmer
1996	Final Doom	id Software	GT Interactive	programming
1996	Quake	id Software	id Software	programming
1995	Hexen: Beyond Heretic	Raven Software	id Software	3D engine
1994	Heretic	Raven Software	id Software	engine programmer
1994	Doom II: Hell on Earth	id Software	GT Interactive	programming
1994	Doom	id Software	id Software	programming
1993	Shadowcaster	Raven Software	Origin Systems	3D engine
1992	Spear of Destiny	id Software	FormGen	software engineer
1992	Wolfenstein 3D	id Software	Apogee Software	programming
1991	Catacomb 3-D	id Software	Softdisk	programming
1991	Commander Keen: Aliens Ate My Babysitter!	id Software	FormGen	programming
1991	Commander Keen: Goodbye Galaxy!	id Software	Apogee Software	programming
1991	Commander Keen: Keen Dreams	id Software	Softdisk	programming
1991	Shadow Knights	id Software	Softdisk	design/programming
1991	Rescue Rover 2	id Software	Softdisk	programmer
1991	Rescue Rover	id Software	Softdisk	programmer
1991	Hovertank 3D	id Software	Softdisk	programming
1991	Dangerous Dave in the Haunted Mansion	id Software	Softdisk	programming
1990	Commander Keen: Invasion of the Vorticons	id Software	Apogee Software	programming
1990	Slordax: The Unknown Enemy	Softdisk	Softdisk	programming
1990	Catacomb II	Softdisk	Softdisk	developer
1990	Catacomb	Softdisk	Softdisk	programmer
1990	Dark Designs II: Closing the Gate	Softdisk	Softdisk	programmer/designer
1990	Dark Designs: Grelminar's Staff	John Carmack	Softdisk	developer
1990	Tennis	John Carmack	Softdisk	developer
1990	Wraith: The Devil's Demise	John Carmack	Nite Owl Productions	developer
1989	Shadowforge	John Carmack	Nite Owl Productions	developer

Armadillo Aerospace

Aerospace

Main article: Armadillo Aerospace

Around the year 2000, Carmack became interested in rocketry, a hobby of his youth. Reviewing how much money he was spending on customizing Ferraris, he realized he could do significant work in rocketry and aerospace. He began by giving financial support to a few local amateur groups before starting Armadillo Aerospace. He taught himself aerospace engineering and is the lead engineer of the company. Since then he has made steady progress toward his goals of suborbital space flight and eventual orbital vehicles.

Free software

Carmack is a well-known advocate of open source software, and has repeatedly voiced his opposition to software patents, which he equates to "mugging someone".^[3] He has also contributed to open source projects, such as starting the initial port of the X Window System to Mac OS X Server and working to improve the OpenGL drivers for Linux through the Utah GLX project.

Carmack released the source code for Wolfenstein 3D in 1995 and the Doom source code in 1997. When the source code to Quake was leaked and circulated among the Quake community underground in 1996, a programmer unaffiliated with id Software used it to port Quake to Linux, and subsequently sent the patches to Carmack. Instead of pursuing legal action, id Software, at Carmack's behest, used the patches as the foundation for a company-sanctioned Linux port. id Software has since publicly released the source code to Quake, Quake 2 and most recently Quake 3, all under the GNU General Public License (GPL). The Doom source code was also re-released under the GPL in 1999.

The id Tech 4 ( Doom 3 Engine ) will also be open source. At QuakeCon 2007, Carmack said to LinuxGames: "I mean I won't commit to a date, but the Doom 3 stuff will be open source."

Carmack is also noted for his generous contributions to charities and gaming communities. Some of the recipients of Carmack's charitable contributions include his former high school, promoters of open source software, opponents of software patents, and game enthusiasts. In 1997 he gave away one of his Ferraris (a 328 model) as a prize to Dennis Fong, the winner of the Quake "Red Annihilation" tournament.

^[4]

Personal life

Carmack met his wife Katherine Anna Kang at QuakeCon 1997 when she visited id's offices. As a bet, Kang challenged Carmack to sponsor the first All Female Quake Tournament if she was able to produce a significant number of participants. At the time, female FPS computer gamers were more myth than reality. Kang's tournament, actually organized and run by Frank Cabanski and the Quake Clanring while Kang took credit, had over 600+ registered female gamers trying to win a trip for 2 to California to win $2,000+ worth of prizes. Among them were Kornelia, KillCreek, and the PMS Clan: some of the most famed female players at the time. Kornelia won. Carmack and Kang married in January 2000 and had a son in 2004. Carmack has a blog (previously a .plan), and also occasionally posts comments to Slashdot. In 2008, Carmack autographed a Nintendo DS for Child's Play. Due to a misunderstanding from the heads of the charity, it was instead offered as a prize in a contest. This mistake has since been rectified: the signed product was recovered and will be put on eBay to raise money for the charity. The prize has been replaced with a regular DS.^[5]

Professional philosophy

As a game developer, Carmack stands apart from many of his contemporaries by avoiding commitment to a final release date for any game he is developing. Instead, when asked for a release date on a new title, Carmack will usually reply that the game will be released "when it's done."^[6] Employees at Apogee, in their past years the publishers of games by id Software, adopted this business practice as well^[7].

Recognition

• In 1999, Carmack appeared as number 10 in TIME's list of the 50 most influential people in technology.[3]
• On March 22, 2001, Carmack became the fourth person to be inducted into the Academy of Interactive Arts and Sciences' Hall of Fame, an honor bestowed upon those who have made revolutionary and innovative achievements in the video and computer game industry.
• In 2003, Carmack was one of the subjects of the book Masters of Doom, a chronicle of id Software and its founders.
• In 2005, the film Doom featured a character named Dr. Carmack, in recognition of Carmack who co-created the original game.
• In March 2006, Carmack was added to the Walk of Game, an event that recognizes the developers and games with the most impact on the industry.^[8]
• In January 2007 in Las Vegas, Nevada, John Carmack and id software were awarded with two Emmy Awards. The Science, Engineering & Technology for Broadcast Television, which includes broadcast, cable and satellite distribution, and secondly, Science, Engineering and Technology for Broadband and Personal Television, encompassing interactive television, gaming technology, and for the first time, the Internet, cell phones, private networks, and personal media players. id Software is the very first independent game developer to be awarded an Emmy since the Academy began honoring technology innovation in 1948.^[9]
• In September 2007, Carmack appeared on Discovery Channel Canada Daily Planet, featuring his rocket designs along with the Armadillo Aerospace team.
• In 2008 Carmack was honored at the 59th Annual Technology & Engineering Emmy Awards for Quake's pioneering role of user modifiability.^[10] He is the only game designer ever honored twice by the National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences, having been given an Emmy Award in 2007 for his creation of the 3D technology that underlies modern shooter video games. Along with Don Daglow and Mike Morhaime, Carmack is one of only three game developers to accept awards at both the Technology & Engineering Emmy Awards and at the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences Interactive Achievement Awards.
• In October 2008, John Carmack's Armadillo Aerospace won the $350,000 Level One X-Prize Lunar Lander Challenge.^[11]

References

Further reading

• Kushner, David (2003). Masters of Doom: How Two Guys Created an Empire and Transformed Pop Culture, New York: Random House. ISBN 0-375-50524-5.

External links

• John Carmack's Blog
• Carmack's Dev Diaries
• id Software's website

Persondata
NAME	Carmack II, John D.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Carmack, John
SHORT DESCRIPTION	American game programmer
DATE OF BIRTH	August 20 1970
PLACE OF BIRTH	Kansas City, Kansas
DATE OF DEATH
PLACE OF DEATH