Isle of Arran
| Isle of Arran | |
|---|---|
| Location | |
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| OS grid reference: | NR950359 |
| Names | |
| Gaelic name: | Eilean Arainn |
| Norse name: | Herey |
| Meaning of name: | Brythonic for 'high place' |
| Area and Summit | |
| Area: | 43,201 ha |
| Area rank: | 7 |
| Highest elevation: | Goat Fell 874 m |
| Population | |
| Population (2001): | 5,058 |
| Population rank: | 6 out of 98 |
| Main settlement: | Brodick |
| Groupings | |
| Island Group: | Firth of Clyde |
| Local Authority: | North Ayrshire |
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| References: | [1][2][3][4] |
| If shown, area and population ranks are for all Scottish islands and all inhabited Scottish islands respectively. | |
The Isle of Arran (Scots Gaelic: Eilean Arainn) is the largest island in the Firth of Clyde, Scotland, with an area of 430 km² (167 square miles). It is in the unitary council area of North Ayrshire. In the 2001 census it had a resident population of 5,058.
Arran is the seventh largest Scottish island and the ninth largest island surrounding Great Britain (excluding Ireland).
Arran is commonly associated with the Hebrides, with which it shares many cultural and physical similarities, but actually, the Hebrides start off the west coast of Kintyre.
Contents |
Geography and geology
The island lies in the Firth of Clyde between Ayr and Kintyre. The main village on the island is Brodick (Old Norse: broad bay) to which the main ferry to the mainland connects. Brodick Castle is a seat of the Dukes of Hamilton. Arran has many mountains in the north. The highest of these is Goat Fell at 874 metres (2,867 ft). The north of the island has many raised beaches and tall sea cliffs. The island is sometimes referred to as "Scotland in miniature", as it is divided into "Highland" and "Lowland" areas by the Highland Boundary Fault which runs northeast to southwest across Scotland. The island is a popular destination for geologists, who come to see intrusive igneous landforms such as sills and dykes as well as sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks ranging in age from Precambrian to Mesozoic. Most of the interior of the northern half of the island is taken up by a large granite batholith, as seen in the satellite photo.
There are three main roads on the island; the coast road circumnavigates the island, while the String and the Ross both cut across the hilly interior at different points.
King's Cave is an example of an emergent landform. This cave is exposed above the present day sea level due to isostasy.[5]
Villages on Arran
- See also: Category:Arran Villages
Arran has a number of villages that are mainly dotted around the shoreline. The 'capital' is Brodick (site of the ferry terminal, most hotels and the majority of shops), although Lamlash is actually the largest village on the island. (In 2001 the former's population was 621 and Lamlash's was 1,010.)[6]
Others include Kildonan in the south and Lochranza in the north.
Islands surrounding Arran
Arran has three smaller satellite islands;
- Holy Isle lies to the east opposite Lamlash
- Pladda off Arran's south coast
- Tiny Hamilton Isle lies just off the Arran shore around 1.2 kilometres (0.75 mi) north of Holy Isle.
Eilean na h-Airde Baine off the south west of Arran at Corriecravie is a skerry connected to Arran at low tide.
Other islands in the Firth of Clyde include Bute, Great Cumbrae and Inchmarnock.
History
There are many stone circles and standing stones dating from neolithic times, including those on Machrie Moor and the Giant's Graves above Whiting Bay. St. Molio's Cave has wall carvings which are evidence of a rare Pictish script.
It is likely that along with Bute, Arran was once the home of a Brythonic speaking people. However, the Gaels spread to the island from their adjacent kingdom of Dál Riata and replaced the older language with their Goidelic tongue. Later the island, along with the vast majority of the Scottish islands, became the property of the Norwegian crown. As a result, many current place names on Arran are of Viking origin. Haakon IV of Norway visited the island in 1263 en route to the Battle of Largs. The last force-fire in the Isle of Arran was about 1820.
St. Columba and St. Ninian are said to have stayed on Arran, and there are other Irish connections, e.g. a stone circle named Fingal's Cauldron. Nearby is the 34 metres (110 ft) deep King's Cave where Robert the Bruce is said to have taken shelter. Arran was part of the the medieval Bishopric of Sodor and Man. The caves below Keil Point contain a slab which may have been an ancient altar. This stone has two petrosomatoglyphs on it, the prints of two right feet, said to be of Saint Columba.[7]
Transport
Arran is connected with the Scottish mainland by two Caledonian MacBrayne ferries:
- Brodick to Ardrossan, Ayrshire, from the east coast of the island.
- Lochranza to Claonaig, Argyll, from the north of the island.
A third ferry route connects Lamlash to neighbouring Holy Isle during summertime.
In summer the paddle steamer PS Waverley calls in at Brodick on regular cruises.
The island has a main road running around the coast, the A841.
Economy
The main industry for the island is tourism. The main tourist spot on the island is the imposing Brodick Castle, owned by the National Trust for Scotland. The Auchrannie Resort, which contains 2 hotels, 3 restaurants and 2 leisure complexes, is one of biggest employers on island.[8]
Local businesses include the Arran Distillery, which was built in 1991 in Lochranza, and Arran Aromatics, which produces a range of toiletries.
Farming and forestry are other important industries. 2008 plans for a large salmon farm holding 800,000 or more fish in Lamlash Bay have been criticised by the Community of Arran Seabed Trust. They feared the facility could jeopardise Scotland's first community marine conservation area, which was eventually announced in September 2008.[9][10]
Arran Brewery
The Arran Brewery is a small brewery founded in March 2000 in Cladach, near Brodick. The brewery produces three regular cask and bottled beers: Arran Ale 3.8% abv, Arran Dark 4.3% and the wheat beer Arran Blonde 5.0%; in addition to two seasonals - one in summer and in winter - the dark and gingery Arran Fireside. The most popular beer is the Arran Blonde.[11]
The Arran Brewery went into liquidation in May 2008[12] and was subsequently sold to Marketing Management Services International Ltd. in June 2008, with a view to resuming production shortly thereafter.[13] The brewery is now back in production and beer flowing.
Culture, media and the arts
The Scottish Gaelic dialect of Arran died out when the last speaker Donald Craig died in the 1970s. However, there is now a Gaelic House in Brodick, set up at the end of the 1990s. Brodick Castle features on the Royal Bank of Scotland £20 note and Lochranza Castle was used as the model for the castle in the Tintin adventure The Black Island.
Arran's local newspaper, The Arran Banner, was listed in the Guinness Book of Records in November 1984 under the "Newspaper Records" section. Under the sub-heading of "Most read" it was entered under the title of "local newspaper which achieves the closest to a saturation circulation in its area". The entry reads: "The Arran Banner, founded in 1974, has a readership of more than 97 per cent in Britain’s seventh largest off-shore island".
The knitting style used to create Aran sweaters is often mistakenly associated with the Isle of Arran rather than the Irish Aran Islands.[14]
Natural history
The island has three endemic species of tree, the Arran Whitebeams.[15]
Notable residents
- Jack McConnell, Former First Minister of Scotland.
- Jakki Brambles, GMTV & Loose Women presenter.
- Robert McLellan, Scots playwright and poet.
Footnotes
- ↑ 2001 UK Census per List of islands of Scotland
- ↑ Haswell-Smith, Hamish (2004). The Scottish Islands. Edinburgh: Canongate. ISBN 1841954543.
- ↑ Ordnance Survey
- ↑ Anderson, Joseph (Ed.) (1893) Orkneyinga Saga. Translated by Jón A. Hjaltalin & Gilbert Goudie. Edinburgh. James Thin and Mercat Press (1990 reprint). ISBN 0-901824-25-9
- ↑ Andrew Rogie. "Geology of Arran". Retrieved on 2008-11-09.
- ↑ "Scrol Browser" Scotland's Census Results Online. Retrieved 8 March 2008.
- ↑ Beare, Beryl (1996). Scotland. Myths & Legends. Avonmouth: Parragon. p. 26. ISBN 0-75251-694-9.
- ↑ "Auchrannie Resort on the Isle of Arran" www.auchrannie.co.uk. Retrieved 1 March 2008
- ↑ Ross, John (27 February 2008) "Fish-farm plan sparks fears for marine reserve". Edinburgh. The Scotsman.
- ↑ " Sun sets on fishing in island bay" (21 September 2008 BBC. Retrieved 25 September 2008.
- ↑ "Isle of Arran Brewery". Arran Brew Ltd. Retrieved on 2008-11-09.
- ↑ "The Publican". Retrieved on 22 May 2008.
- ↑ "Cheers! We’re back in business". Retrieved on 22 May 2008.
- ↑ "Grail Trail", Daily Telegraph. Retrieved on 2007-08-03.
- ↑ Johnston, Ian (15 June 2007). "Trees on Arran 'are a whole new species'", The Scotsman (Edinburgh). Retrieved on 2007-06-18.
Further Reading
- Walking in the Isle of Arran, Paddy Dillon. Cicerone 2006 ISBN 978 1 85284 478 3
Gallery
External links
- Isle of Arran travel guide from Wikitravel
- Arran seen from space, NASA
- Arran.info - The Isle of Arran Interactive Guide Tourism-related Information and Virtual Tour of Arran
- Isle of Arran Tour and Information
- The Isle of Arran Tourism Directory
- The Isle of Arran Heritage Museum
- The Arran Banner Arran's local newspaper
- Auchrannie Resort Local Tourist Resort & Major Island Employer
- Arran High School
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