Heath Ledger

Heath Ledger
Ledger at the 2006 Berlin International Film Festival
Born	Heath Andrew Ledger 4 April 1979(1979-04-04) Perth, Western Australia
Died	22 January 2008 (aged 28) New York City, USA
Occupation	film actor
Years active	1992–2008
Domestic partner(s)	Naomi Watts (2002—2004) Michelle Williams (2005–2007)
Awards won Australian Film Institute Awards International Award - Best Actor 2005 Brokeback Mountain Reader's Choice Award for Best Actor 2005 Brokeback Mountain International Award - Best Actor 2008 The Dark Knight Other awards LVFCS Sierra Award 2005 Brokeback Mountain NYFCC Award for Best Actor 2005 Brokeback Mountain PFCS Award for Best Actor 2005 Brokeback Mountain SFFCC Award for Best Actor 2005 Brokeback Mountain Robert Altman Award 2007 I'm Not There

Heath Andrew Ledger (4 April 1979 – 22 January 2008) was an Academy Award nominated Australian television and film actor. After performing roles in Australian television and film during the 1990s, Ledger moved to the United States in 1998 to develop his film career. His work included nineteen films, including critical and box-office successes such as 10 Things I Hate About You (1999), The Patriot (2000), Monster's Ball (2000), A Knight's Tale (2001), Brokeback Mountain (2005) and The Dark Knight (2008).^[1][2]

For his portrayal of Ennis Del Mar in Brokeback Mountain, Ledger won many critics' choice awards including the 2005 New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor and the 2006 "Best Actor" award from the Australian Film Institute and was nominated for the 2005 Academy Award for Best Actor^[3][4][1] as well as the 2006 Best Actor award from the BAFTA. Posthumously, he shared the 2007 Independent Spirit Robert Altman Award with the rest of the ensemble cast, the director, and the casting director for the film, I'm Not There inspired by the life and songs of Bob Dylan. Ledger portrayed a fictional actor named Robbie Clark, one of six characters embodying aspects of the Dylan legend.^[5][6] His portrayal as the Joker in the highly acclaimed 2008 film, The Dark Knight was praised universally, and went on to earn him his second "Best Actor" award at the 2008 Australian Film Institute Awards, for which, he became the first actor to win an award posthumously.^[7]

In addition to his acting, he produced and directed music videos and aspired to be a film director.^[5][8] He has directed music videos for artists such as Ben Harper and has also directed and featured in a short film based on the 1974 song about depression written by the late musician, Nick Drake. Ledger was also in talks to direct his first feature film, "The Queen's Gambit", with actress Ellen Page as its main lead, but the film was later shelved due to his untimely death.^[9]

He died at the age of 28 after suffering an accidental overdose of prescription medication.^{[3][4][10][11]} A few months before his death, Ledger had finished filming his penultimate performance as the Joker in The Dark Knight.^[12][13][14] At the time of his death, he was performing the role of Tony in Terry Gilliam's forthcoming film The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus.^{[12][15][16][17]}

As of October 2008, Ledger was listed as one of the world's highest-earning deceased celebrities, at USD $20 million, ranking third behind Elvis Presley and Charles M. Schulz.^[18]

Family and personal life

Heath Ledger was born on 4 April 1979, in Perth, Western Australia, the son of Sally Ledger Bell (née Ramshaw), a French teacher, and Kim Ledger, a racing-car driver and mining engineer, whose family established and owned the Ledger Engineering Foundry.^[19][20][21] The Sir Frank Ledger Charitable Trust is named after his great-grandfather.^[19] Ledger attended Mary's Mount Primary School, in Gooseberry Hill,^[22][23] and later Guildford Grammar School, where he had his first acting experiences, starring in a school production as Peter Pan at age 10.^[4][19] His parents separated when he was 10 and divorced when he was 11.^[24] Ledger's older sister, Kate, an actress and later a publicist, with whom he was very close, inspired his acting on stage, and his love of Gene Kelly inspired his successful choreography leading to Guildford Grammar's 60-member team's "first all-boy victory" at the Rock Eisteddfod Challenge.^{[19][25][26][27]} Heath's and Kate's other siblings include two half-sisters, Ashleigh Bell (b. 1989), his mother's daughter with her second husband and his stepfather Roger Bell, and Olivia Ledger (b. 1997), his father's daughter with second wife and his stepmother Emma Brown.^[28]

Ledger was an avid chess player, winning Western Australia's junior chess championship at the age of 10.^[29][30] As an adult, he often played with other chess enthusiasts at Washington Square Park.^[31][32] Allan Scott's film adaptation of the chess-related 1983 novel The Queen's Gambit, by Walter Tevis, which at the time of his death he was planning both to perform in and to direct, would have been Ledger's first feature film as a director.^[8][33]

Among his most-notable romantic relationships, Ledger dated actress Heather Graham for several months in 2000 to 2001,^[34] and he had a serious on-and-off-again long-term relationship with actress Naomi Watts, whom he met during the filming of Ned Kelly and with whom he lived at times from 2002 to 2004.^[35][36] In the summer of 2004, he met and began dating actress Michelle Williams on the set of Brokeback Mountain, and their daughter, Matilda Rose, was born on 28 October 2005 in New York City.^[37] Matilda Rose's godparents are Ledger's Brokeback co-star Jake Gyllenhaal and Williams' Dawson's Creek castmate Busy Philipps.^[38][39] Problems with paparazzi in Australia prompted Ledger to sell his residence in Bronte, New South Wales and move to the United States, where he shared an apartment with Williams, in Boerum Hill, Brooklyn, from 2005 to 2007.^{[3][40][41][42][43]} In September 2007, Williams' father, Larry Williams, confirmed to Sydney's Daily Telegraph that Ledger and Williams had ended their relationship.^[44] After his break up with Williams, in late 2007 and early 2008, the tabloid press and other public media linked Ledger romantically with supermodels Helena Christensen and Gemma Ward and with former child star, actress Mary-Kate Olsen.^{[45][46][47][48]}

Career

1990s

After sitting for early graduation exams at 16, Ledger left school to pursue an acting career.^[24] With Trevor DiCarlo, his best friend since he was 3, Ledger drove across Australia from Perth to Sydney, returning to Perth to take a small role in Clowning Around (1992), the first part of a two-part television series, and to work on the TV series Sweat (1996), in which he played a gay cyclist.^[19] From 1993 to 1997, Ledger also had parts in the Perth television series Ship to Shore (1993); in the short-lived Fox Broadcasting Company fantasy-drama Roar (1997); in Home and Away (1997), one of Australia's most successful television shows; and in the Australian movie Blackrock (1997), his feature film debut.^[19] In 1999, he starred in the teen comedy 10 Things I Hate About You and in the acclaimed Australian crime movie Two Hands, directed by Gregor Jordan.^[19]

2000s

From 2000 to 2005, he starred in supporting roles as Gabriel Martin, the eldest son of Mel Gibson, in The Patriot (2000), and as Sonny Grotowski, the son of Billy Bob Thornton, in Monster's Ball (2000); and in leading or title roles in A Knight's Tale (2001), The Four Feathers (2002), The Order (2003), Ned Kelly (2003), Casanova (2005), The Brothers Grimm (2005), and Lords of Dogtown (2005).^[2] In 2001, he won a ShoWest Award as "Male Star of Tomorrow".^[49]

Ledger received "Best Actor of 2005" awards from both the New York Film Critics Circle and the San Francisco Film Critics Circle for his performance in Brokeback Mountain,^[50][51] in which he plays Wyoming ranch hand Ennis Del Mar, who has a love affair with aspiring rodeo rider Jack Twist, played by Jake Gyllenhaal.^[52] He also received a nomination for Golden Globe Best Actor in a Drama and a nomination for Academy Award for Best Actor for this performance,^[53][54] making him, at age 26, the ninth youngest nominee for a Best Actor Oscar. In The New York Times review of the film, critic Stephen Holden writes: "Both Mr. Ledger and Mr. Gyllenhaal make this anguished love story physically palpable. Mr. Ledger magically and mysteriously disappears beneath the skin of his lean, sinewy character. It is a great screen performance, as good as the best of Marlon Brando and Sean Penn."^[55] In a review in Rolling Stone, Peter Travers states: "Ledger's magnificent performance is an acting miracle. He seems to tear it from his insides. Ledger doesn't just know how Ennis moves, speaks and listens; he knows how he breathes. To see him inhale the scent of a shirt hanging in Jack's closet is to take measure of the pain of love lost."^[56]

After Brokeback Mountain, Ledger costarred with fellow Australian Abbie Cornish in the 2006 Australian film Candy, an adaptation of the 1998 novel Candy: A Novel of Love and Addiction, as young heroin addicts in love attempting to break free of their addiction, whose mentor is played by renowned Australian actor Geoffrey Rush; for his performance as sometime poet Dan, Ledger was nominated for three "Best Actor" awards, including one of the Film Critics Circle of Australia Awards 2006, which both Cornish and Rush won in their categories. A couple of weeks after the release of Candy, Ledger was invited to join the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.^[57]

As one of six actors embodying different aspects of the life of Bob Dylan in the 2007 film I'm Not There, directed by Todd Haynes, Ledger "won praise for his portrayal of 'Robbie [Clark],' a moody, counter-culture actor who represents the romanticist side of Dylan, but says accolades are never his motivation."^[58] Posthumously, on 23 February 2008, he shared the 2007 Independent Spirit Robert Altman Award with the rest of the film's ensemble cast, its director, and its casting director.^[5]

In his penultimate film performance, Ledger plays the Joker in The Dark Knight, directed by Christopher Nolan, the sequel to the 2005 film Batman Begins, first released, in Australia, on 16 July 2008, nearly six months after his death. While still working on the film, in London, Ledger told Sarah Lyall, in their interview published in the New York Times on 4 November 2007, that he viewed The Dark Knight's Joker as a "psychopathic, mass murdering, schizophrenic clown with zero empathy."^[59] To prepare for the role, Ledger told Empire, "I sat around in a hotel room in London for about a month, locked myself away, formed a little diary and experimented with voices — it was important to try to find a somewhat iconic voice and laugh. I ended up landing more in the realm of a psychopath — someone with very little to no conscience towards his acts"; after reiterating his view of the character as "just an absolute sociopath, a cold-blooded, mass-murdering clown," he added that Nolan had given him "free rein" to create the role, which he found "fun, because there are no real boundaries to what The Joker would say or do. Nothing intimidates him, and everything is a big joke."^[60][61][62]

At the time of his death, on 22 January 2008, Ledger had completed about half of his final film performance as Tony in The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus.^[12][63]

Directorial work

Ledger had aspirations to become a film director and had made some music videos, which director Todd Haynes praised highly in his tribute to Ledger upon accepting the ISP Robert Altman Award, which Ledger posthumously shared, on 23 February 2008.^[5]

In 2006 Ledger directed music videos for the title track on Australian hip-hop artist N'fa's CD debut solo album Cause an Effect^[64] and for the single "Seduction Is Evil (She's Hot)".^[65][66]

Later that year, Ledger inaugurated a new record label, Masses Music, with singer Ben Harper and also directed a music video for Harper's song "Morning Yearning".^[59][67]

At a news conference at the 2007 Venice Film Festival, Ledger spoke of his desire to make a documentary film about the British singer-songwriter Nick Drake, who died in 1974, at the age of 26, from an overdose of an antidepressant.^[68] Ledger created and acted in a music video set to Drake's recording of the singer's 1974 song about depression "Black Eyed Dog"–a title "inspired by Winston Churchill’s descriptive term for depression" (black dog)^[69]; it was shown publicly only twice, first at the Bumbershoot Festival, in Seattle, Washington, held from 1 September to 3 September 2007; and secondly as part of "A Place To Be: A Celebration of Nick Drake", with its screening of Their Place: Reflections On Nick Drake, "a series of short filmed homages to Nick Drake" (including Ledger's), sponsored by American Cinematheque, at the Grauman's Egyptian Theatre, in Hollywood, on 5 October 2007.^[70] After Ledger's death, his music video for "Black Eyed Dog" was shown on the internet and excerpted in news clips distributed via YouTube.^[68][71][72]

He was also working with Scottish screenwriter and producer Allan Scott on an adaptation of the 1983 novel The Queen's Gambit, by Walter Tevis; he was planning both to act in and to direct it, and it would have been his first feature film as a director.^{[5][8][33][73]}

Press controversies

Ledger's relationship with the press in Australia was sometimes turbulent, and it led to his relocating to New York City.^[74][75] In 2004 he strongly denied press reports alleging that "he spat at journalists on the Sydney set of the movie Candy," or that one of his relatives had done so later, outside Ledger's Sydney home.^[74][75] On 13 January 2006, "Several members of the paparazzi retaliated ... squirting Ledger and Williams with water pistols on the red carpet at the Sydney premiere of Brokeback Mountain."^[76][77]

After his performance on stage at the 2005 Screen Actors Guild Awards, when he had giggled in presenting Brokeback Mountain as a nominee for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture, the Los Angeles Times referred to his presentation as an "apparent gay spoof."^[78] Ledger called the Times later and explained that his levity resulted from stage fright, saying that he had been told that he would be presenting the award only minutes earlier; he stated: "I am so sorry and I apologise for my nervousness. I would be absolutely horrified if my stage fright was misinterpreted as a lack of respect for the film, the topic and for the amazing filmmakers."^[79][80]

Ledger was quoted in January 2006 in Melbourne's Herald Sun as saying that he heard that West Virginia had banned Brokeback Mountain, which it had not; actually, a cinema in Utah had banned the film.^[75] He had also referred mistakenly to West Virginia's having had lynchings as recently as the 1980s, but state scholars disputed his statement, observing that, whereas lynchings did occur in Alabama as recently as 1981, according to "the director of state archives and history" quoted in The Charleston Gazette, "The last documented lynching in West Virginia took place in Lewisburg in 1931."^[81]

Sleep difficulties and other work-related health issues

In their New York Times interview, published on 4 November 2007, Ledger told Sarah Lyall that his recently-completed roles in I'm Not There (2007) and The Dark Knight (2008) had taken a toll on his ability to sleep: "Last week I probably slept an average of two hours a night. ... I couldn't stop thinking. My body was exhausted, and my mind was still going."^[59] At that time, he told Lyall that he had taken two Ambien pills, after taking just one had not sufficed, and those left him in "a stupor, only to wake up an hour later, his mind still racing."^[59]

Prior to his return to New York from his last film assignment, in London, in January 2008, while he was apparently suffering from some kind of respiratory illness, he reportedly complained to his co-star Christopher Plummer that he was continuing to have difficulty sleeping and taking pills to help with that problem: "Confirming earlier reports that Ledger hadn't been feeling well on set, Plummer says, 'we all caught colds because we were shooting outside on horrible, damp nights. But Heath's went on and I don't think he dealt with it immediately with the antibiotics.... [sic] I think what he did have was the walking pneumonia.' [...] On top of that, 'He was saying all the time, "dammit, I can't sleep"...[sic] and he was taking all these pills [to help him] [sic].' "^[82]

In talking with Interview magazine after his death, Ledger's former fiancée Michelle Williams "also confirmed reports the actor had experienced trouble sleeping. 'For as long as I'd known him, he had bouts with insomnia,' she said. 'He had too much energy. His mind was turning, turning turning always turning.' "^[83]

Death

At about 2:45 p.m. (EST), on 22 January 2008, Ledger was found unconscious in his bed by his housekeeper, Teresa Solomon, and his masseuse, Diana Wolozin, in his fourth-floor loft apartment at 421 Broome Street in the SoHo neighborhood of Manhattan.^[3][4]

According to the police, Wolozin, who had arrived early for a 3:00 p.m. appointment with Ledger, called Ledger's friend actress Mary-Kate Olsen for help. Olsen, who was in California, directed a New York City private security guard to go to the scene. At 3:26 p.m., "[fewer] than 15 minutes after Wolozin first saw him in bed and only a few moments" after first calling Olsen and then calling her a second time to express her fears that Ledger was dead, Wolozin telephoned 9-1-1 "to say that Mr. Ledger was not breathing." At the urging of the 9-1-1 operator, Wolozin administered CPR, which was unsuccessful in reviving him.^[84]

Emergency medical technicians (EMT) arrived seven minutes later, at 3:33 p.m. ("at almost exactly the same moment as a private security guard summoned by Ms. Olsen"), but were also unable to revive him.^[3][84][85] At 3:36 p.m., Ledger was pronounced dead and his body removed from the apartment.^[3][84]

Memorial tributes and services

Memorial for Heath Ledger, outside 421 Broome Street, SoHo, Manhattan, 23 January 2008

As the news of Ledger's death became public, throughout the night of 22 January 2008, and the next day, media crews, mourners, fans, and other onlookers began gathering outside his apartment building, with some leaving flowers or other memorial tributes.

On 23 January 2008, at 10:50 a.m., Australian time, Ledger's parents and sister appeared outside his mother's house in Applecross, a riverside suburb of Perth, and read a short statement to the media expressing their grief and desire for privacy.^[86] Within the next few days, memorial tributes were communicated by family members, Prime Minister of Australia Kevin Rudd, Deputy Premier of Western Australia Eric Ripper, Warner Bros. (distributor of The Dark Knight), and thousands of Ledger's fans around the world.^{[22][87][88][89][90]}

Several actors made statements expressing their sorrow at Ledger's death, including Daniel Day-Lewis, who dedicated his Screen Actors Guild Award to Ledger, saying that he was inspired by Ledger's acting; Day-Lewis praised Ledger's performances in Monster's Ball and Brokeback Mountain, describing the latter as "unique, perfect."^[91][92]

On 1 February 2008, in her first public statement after Ledger's death, Michelle Williams expressed her heartbreak and described Ledger's spirit as surviving in their daughter.^[93][94]

After attending private memorial ceremonies in Los Angeles, Ledger's family members returned with his body to Perth.^[95][96][97]

On 9 February 2008, a memorial service attended by several hundred invited guests was held at Penrhos College, garnering considerable press attention; afterward Ledger's body was cremated at Fremantle Cemetery, followed by a private service attended by only 10 closest family members,^[27][98][99] with his ashes to be interred later in a family plot at Karrakatta Cemetery, next to two of his grandparents.^{[97][100][101]} Later that night, his family and friends gathered for a wake on Cottesloe Beach.^{[27][100][102][103][104][105]}

Autopsy and toxicological analysis

After two weeks of intense media speculation about possible causes of Ledger's death, on 6 February 2008, the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner of New York released its conclusions, based on an initial autopsy of 23 January 2008, and a subsequent complete toxicological analysis.^{[10][11][106][107]} The report concludes, in part, "Mr. Heath Ledger died as the result of acute intoxication by the combined effects of oxycodone, hydrocodone, diazepam, temazepam, alprazolam and doxylamine."^[10][108] It also states definitively: "We have concluded that the manner of death is accident, resulting from the abuse of prescription medications."^[10][108] The medications found in the toxicological analysis are commonly prescribed in the United States for insomnia, anxiety, depression, pain, and/or cold symptoms.^[10][108] Although the Associated Press and other media reported that "police estimate Ledger's time of death between 1 p.m. and 2:45 p.m." (on 22 January 2008),^[109] the Medical Examiner's Office announced that it would not be publicly disclosing the official estimated time of death.^[95][110] The official announcement of the cause and manner of Ledger's death heightened concerns about the growing problems of prescription drug abuse or misuse and Combined Drug Intoxication (CDI).^{[11][107][111]}

Federal investigation

Late in February 2008, a DEA investigation of medical professionals relating to Ledger's death exonerated two American physicians, who practice in Los Angeles and Houston, of any wrongdoing, determining that "the doctors in question had prescribed Ledger other medications – not the pills that killed him."^[112][113]

On 4 August 2008, citing unnamed sources, Murray Weiss, of the New York Post, first reported that Mary-Kate Olsen had "refused [through her attorney, Michael C. Miller] to be interviewed by federal investigators probing the accidental drug death of her close friend Heath Ledger ... [without] ... immunity from prosecution," and that, when asked about the matter, Miller at first declined further comment.^[114][115] Later that day, after the police confirmed the gist of Weiss's account to the Associated Press, Miller issued a statement denying that Olsen supplied Ledger with the drugs causing his death and asserting that she did not know their source."^[116][117] In his statement, Miller said specifically: "Despite tabloid speculation, Mary-Kate Olsen had nothing whatsoever to do with the drugs found in Heath Ledger's home or his body, and she does not know where he obtained them," emphasizing that media "descriptions [attributed to an unidentified source] are incomplete and inaccurate."^[118]

After a flurry of further media speculation, on 6 August 2008, the U.S. Attorney's Office in Manhattan closed its investigation into Ledger's death without filing any charges and rendering moot its subpoena of Olsen.^[119][120] With the clearing of the two doctors and Olsen, and the closing of the investigation because the prosecutors in the Manhattan U.S. Attorney's Office "don't believe there's a viable target," it is still not known how Ledger obtained the oxycodone and hydrocodone in the lethal drug combination that killed him.^[120][121]

Controversy over will

After Heath Ledger's death, in response to some press reports about his will, filed in New York City on 28 February 2008,^[122][123] and his daughter's access to his financial legacy, his father, Kim Ledger, said that he considered the financial well-being of his granddaughter Matilda Rose the Ledger family's "absolute priority" and her mother, Michelle Williams, "an integral part of our family," adding "They will be taken care of and that's how Heath would want it to be."^[124] Some relatives of Heath Ledger may be challenging the legal status of his will signed in 2003, prior to his involvement with Michelle Williams and the birth of their daughter and not updated to include them, which was filed in New York and divides half of his estate between his parents and half among his siblings; they claim that there is a second, unsigned will, which leaves most of that estate to Matilda Rose.^[125][126] Williams' father, Larry Williams, has also joined the controversy about Ledger's will as it was filed in New York City soon after his death.^[127]

On 31 March 2008, stimulating another controversy pertaining to Ledger's estate, Gemma Jones and Janet Fife-Yeomans published an "Exclusive" report, in The Daily Telegraph, citing Ledger's uncle Haydn Ledger and other family members, who "believe the late actor may have fathered a secret love child" when he was 17, and stating that "If it is confirmed that Ledger is the girl's biological father, it could split his multi-million dollar estate between ... Matilda Rose ... and his secret love child."^{[128][129][130]} A few days later, reports citing telephone interviews with Ledger's uncles Haydn and Mike Ledger and the family of the other little girl, published in OK! and Us Weekly, "denied" those "claims", with Ledger's uncles and the little girl's mother and stepfather describing them as unfounded "rumors" distorted and exaggerated by the media.^[131][132]

On 15 July 2008, Fife-Yeomans reported further, via Australian News Limited, that "While Ledger left everything to his parents and three sisters, it is understood they have legal advice that under WA law, Matilda Rose is entitled to the lion's share" of his estate; its executors, Kim Ledger's former business colleague Robert John Collins and Geraldton accountant William Mark Dyson, "have applied for probate in the West Australian Supreme Court in Perth, advertising "for 'creditors and other persons' having claims on the estate to lodge them by 11 August 2008 ... to ensure all debts are paid before the estate is distributed...."^[133] According to this report by Fife-Yeomans and earlier reports citing Ledger's uncles,^[124] which do not include his actual posthumous earnings, "his entire fortune, mostly held in Australian trusts, is likely to be worth up to $20 million."^[133]

On 27 September 2008 Heath Ledger's father Kim stated that Matilda Rose would inherit the entire estate valued at 20 million U.S. Dollars. He is quoted as saying "There is no claim. Our family has gifted everything to Matilda."^[134]

Posthumous films

Main articles: The Dark Knight and The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus

Ledger's death affected the marketing campaign for Christopher Nolan's The Dark Knight (2008)^[12][17] and also both the production and marketing of Terry Gilliam's forthcoming film The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus, with both directors intending to celebrate and pay tribute to his work in these films.^{[15][16][17][135]} Although Gilliam temporarily suspended production on the latter film,^[16] he expressed determination to "salvage" it, perhaps using computer-generated imagery (CGI), and plans to dedicate it to Ledger.^{[82][136][137]} In February 2008, as a "memorial tribute to the man many have called one of the best actors of his generation," Johnny Depp, Jude Law, and Colin Farrell signed on to take over Ledger's role, becoming multiple incarnations of his character, Tony, transformed in this "magical re-telling of the Faust story,"^{[138][139][140]} and the three actors have donated their fees for the film to Ledger's and Williams' daughter.^[141]

Speaking of editing The Dark Knight, on which Ledger had completed his work in October 2007, Nolan recalled, "It was tremendously emotional, right when he passed, having to go back in and look at him every day. ... But the truth is, I feel very lucky to have something productive to do, to have a performance that he was very, very proud of, and that he had entrusted to me to finish."^[135] All of Ledger's scenes appear as he completed them in the filming; in editing the film, Nolan added no "digital effects" to alter Ledger's actual performance posthumously.^[142] Nolan dedicated the film in part to Ledger's memory, as well as to the memory of technician Conway Wickliffe, who was killed during a car accident while preparing one of the film's stunts.^[143]

Released in July 2008, The Dark Knight broke several box office records and received both popular and critical accolades, especially with regard to Ledger's performance as the Joker.^[144] Even film critic David Denby, who does not praise the film overall in his pre-release review in The New Yorker, evaluates Ledger's work highly, describing his performance as both "sinister and frightening" and Ledger as "mesmerising in every scene", concluding: "His performance is a heroic, unsettling final act: this young actor looked into the abyss."^[145] Attempting to dispel widespread speculations that Ledger's performance as the Joker had in any way led to his death (as Denby and others suggest), Ledger's costar and friend Christian Bale, who played opposite him as Batman, has stressed that, as an actor, Ledger greatly enjoyed meeting the challenges of creating that role, an experience that Ledger himself described as "the most fun I’ve ever had, or probably ever will have, playing a character."^[12][146] Along with other film critics, audience members, and many of Ledger's colleagues in the film community, his other costars Maggie Gyllenhaal and Michael Caine have joined Bale in calling for and predicting a posthumous Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor nomination (or even a win) in recognition of Ledger's achievement in his penultimate film.^[147]

Posthumous Awards and Nominations

Heath Ledger has won and been nominated for many posthumous awards.

On 23 February 2008, Ledger shared the 2007 Independent Spirit Robert Altman Award with the rest of the ensemble cast, the director, and the casting director of the film, I'm Not There, for his portrayal of iconic American singer, Bob Dylan. The award was presented at the ceremony for the Independent Spirit Awards 2007, at which director Todd Haynes, the other cast members, and other actors dedicated their awards to him, during their speech. Other presenters at the ceremony, including actor Dennis Quaid also honored him with tributes.^[5][6]

On 06 December 2008, Heath Ledger became the first actor to win a posthumous award at the 2008 Austrailian Film Institute Awards for his portrayal as the Joker in the highly acclaimed 2008 film, The Dark Knight. For his portrayal, he won his second "Best Actor-International" award at the ceremony after his 2005 win for Brokeback Mountain in the same category. During the ceremony Ledger was honored with a 4-minute tribute with a presentation of his short career, and received a standing ovation from the live audience. Accepting the award on his behalf were his parents, Kim Ledger, Sally Bell, and his sister, Kate Ledger who told the audience, "It has been without a doubt the most difficult year, losing such a loved family member. We are so proud of him and humbly accept this award on behalf of his beautiful daughter (Matilda), who we will cherish forever.”^[7]

Ledger has also earned a "GQ Australia Men of the Year Award for Best Actor",^[148] and a nomination for the "13th Annual Satellite Awards for Best Supporting Actor" amongst other awards for his portrayal of the Joker in the 2008 film, The Dark Knight.^[149]

Filmography

Film

Music videos and shorts

• (2006) "Cause an Effect" and "Seduction is Evil (She's Hot)" songs by N'fa, music videos directed by Ledger.
• (2006) "Morning Yearning," song by Ben Harper, video directed by Ledger.
• (2007) "Black Eyed Dog," directed by and featuring Ledger. Short film set to 1974 song about depression written by Nick Drake
• (2007) "King Rat" by Modest Mouse, directed by Terry Gilliam and featuring Ledger (incomplete)

Television

Awards and nominations

• Academy Awards
  • 2005 – Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role, Brokeback Mountain (Nominated)
• Australian Film Institute Awards
  • 1999 – Best Lead Actor, Two Hands (Nominated)
  • 2003 – Best Lead Actor, Ned Kelly (Nominated)
  • 2005 – Best International Actor, Brokeback Mountain (Won)
  • 2005 – Reader's Choice Award for Best Actor, Brokeback Mountain (Won)
  • 2006 – Best Lead Actor, Candy (Nominated)
  • 2008 – Best International Actor, The Dark Knight (Won)
• BAFTA
  • 2006 – Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role, Brokeback Mountain (Nominated)
• Film Critics Circle of Australia Awards
  • 2006 – Best Actor – Leading Role, Candy (Nominated)
• Golden Globe Awards
  • 2006 – Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture - Drama, Brokeback Mountain (Nominated)
• Independent Spirit Awards
  • 2007 – Robert Altman Award, I'm Not There. (Won) – shared posthumously with rest of ensemble cast, director, and casting director at ceremony, telecast on 23 February 2008.
  • 2006 – Best Male Lead, Brokeback Mountain (Nominated)
• Inside Film Awards
  • 2006 – Queensland Events Corporation IF Award for Best Actor, Candy (Nominated)
• Las Vegas Film Critics Society Awards
  • 2005 – Las Vegas Film Critics Society Award for Best Actor, Brokeback Mountain (Won)
• MTV Movie Awards
  • 2006 – Best Kiss, Brokeback Mountain (Won) – shared with Jake Gyllenhaal
  • 2002 – Best Kiss, A Knight's Tale (Nominated) – shared with Shannyn Sossamon
  • 2002 – Best Musical Sequence A Knight's Tale (Nominated) – shared with Shannyn Sossamon
  • 2000 – Best Musical Sequence 10 Things I Hate About You (Nominated)
• New York Film Critics Awards
  • 2005 – New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor, Brokeback Mountain (Won)
• Phoenix Film Critics Society Awards
  • 2005 – Phoenix Film Critics Society Award for Best Actor, Brokeback Mountain (Won)
• San Francisco Film Critics Circle Awards
  • 2005 – San Francisco Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor, Brokeback Mountain (Won)
• Satellite Awards
  • 2008 – Best Supporting Actor - Motion Picture, The Dark Knight (TBD)
• Screen Actors Guild Awards
  • 2005 – Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture, Brokeback Mountain (Nominated)
  • 2005 – Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role in a Motion Picture, Brokeback Mountain (Nominated)
• Scream Awards
  • 2008 – Scream Awards for "Best Actor in a Fantasy Movie or TV Show" for The Dark Knight (Won)
  • 2008 – Scream Awards for "Best Villain" for The Dark Knight (Won)
  • 2008 – Scream Awards for "Best Line-I believe whatever doesn't kill you simply makes you, stranger" for The Dark Knight (Won)
  • 2008 – Scream Awards for "Most Memorable Mutilation-Pencil Trick by the Joker" for The Dark Knight (Nominated)
• GQ Australia Men of the Year Awards
  • 2008 – GQ Men of The Yeat Awards for "Best Actor" for The Dark Knight (Won)

See also

• List of oldest and youngest Academy Award winners and nominees - Youngest Nominees for Best Actor
• List of posthumous Academy Award winners and nominees

Notes

Additional resources

• Adler, Shawn."Heath Ledger Said He Hoped to Evolve as an Actor and Person in 2005 Interview: Late Actor Was Intelligent, Self-Aware during 'Brokeback Mountain' Chat." MTV.com, 22 January 2008. Accessed 18 March 2008. (Excerpts from transcript of interview with Heath Ledger conducted by John Norris in 2005.)
• Arango, Tim. "Esquire Publishes a Diary That Isn't". The New York Times, nytimes.com, 6 March 2008, Books. Accessed 25 July 2008. (Rev. of Taddeo.)
• "Death of a Star: Unsolved Mysteries". Newsweek, 4 February 2008: 62, Newsmakers. Both web and print versions. Accessed 5 August 2008.
• The Joker vs. The Real Heath: Entertainment Tonight Looks Back at the Career of Heath Ledger, etonline.com (CBS Studios Inc.), July 2008. Accessed 8 August 2008. ("ET takes a look back at Heath Ledger's career amid the hugely successful launch of 'The Dark Knight,' which features the late actor portraying The Joker"; includes photo album.)
• McShane John. Heath Ledger: His Beautiful Life and Mysterious Death. London: John Blake, 2008. ISBN 1844546330 (10). ISBN 978-1844546336 (13). (Excerpt listed below.)
• –––. "Loves of Heath Ledger's Life". The Courier-Mail, news.com.au, 20 April 2008. Accessed 21 April 2008. (Book excerpt.)
• Nolan, Christopher. "Transition: Charisma as Natural as Gravity: Heath Ledger, 28, Actor". Newsweek, 4 February 2008: 9, Periscope. Both web (updated 26 January 2008) and print versions. Accessed 5 August 2008. (Eulogy.)
• Norris, Chris. "(Untitled Heath Ledger Project): In Which the Protagonist Dies Mysteriously, and the Audience Analyzes His Final Days for Clues to His Real Character". New York, nymag.com, 18 February 2008. Accessed 21 April 2008.
• Park, Michael Y. "Christian Bale on 'Kindred Spirit' Heath Ledger". Web. People, 25 June 2008. Accessed 5 August 2008. (See Wolf below.)
• Robb, Brian J. Heath Ledger: Hollywood's Dark Star. London: Plexus Publishing Ltd, 2008. ISBN 0859654273 (10). ISBN 978-0859654272 (13).
• Scott, A. O. "An Appraisal: Prince of Intensity with a Lightness of Touch". The New York Times, nytimes.com, 24 January 2008, Movies. Accessed 27 April 2008.
• Sessums, Kevin, with photographs by Bruce Weber. "We're Having a Heath Wave". Vanity Fair, August 2000, vanityfair.com, August 2008. Web. (4 pages.) Accessed 21 April 2008. (Interview with Heath Ledger; illustrations in "Perth Album", by Bruce Weber.)
• Taddeo, Lisa. "The Last Days of Heath Ledger". Esquire (April 2008), esquire.com, 5 March 2008. (Updated 21 July 2008.) Accessed 25 July 2008. (Fictional account; cf. rev. by Arango.)
• Travers, Peter."Sundance: Shock". The Travers Take: News and Reviews from Rolling Stone's Movie Critic, Rolling Stone (Blog), rollingstone.com, 22 January 2008. Includes hyperlinked feature: Video Review: A Look at Heath Ledger's Best Performances (video by Jennifer Hsu, with audio commentary provided by Travers), 1 February 2008. Accessed 21 April 2008.
• Wolf, Jeanne. "Christian Bale: 'Life Should Never Be Boring' ". Parade, 29 June 2008: 8–9. Both web and print formats. Accessed 3 August 2008. (See Park above.)

External links

• Heath Ledger at BBC In Pictures
• Heath Ledger at CNN Topics
• Heath Ledger at The Daily Telegraph (Australia)
• Heath Ledger at Find A Grave
• Heath Ledger at the Internet Movie Database
• Heath Ledger at MSN Movies
• Heath Ledger at MTV Movies
• Heath Ledger at New York Times Topics
• Heath Ledger at People.com