Franche-Comté

Région Franche-Comté
Flag of Franche-Comté
Region flag Region logo
Location
Map of France highlighting the Region of Franche-Comté
Administration
Capital Besançon
Regional President Marie-Marguerite Dufay
(PS) (since 2008)
Departments Doubs
Haute-Saône
Jura
Territoire de Belfort
Arrondissements 8
Cantons 116
Communes 1,786
Statistics
Land area1 16,202 km²
Population (Ranked 20th)
 - January 1, 2007 est. 1,151,000
 - March 8, 1999 census 1,117,059
 - Density (2007) 71/km²
1 French Land Register data, which exclude lakes, ponds, and glaciers larger than 1 km² (0.386 sq. mi. or 247 acres) as well as the estuaries of rivers
France

Contents

Franche-Comté (Franc-Comtois: Fràntche-Comté; Franco-Provençal: Franche-Comtât) the former "Free County" of Burgundy, as distinct from the neighbouring Duchy, is an administrative region and a traditional province of eastern France. It is composed of the modern departments of Doubs, Jura, Haute-Saône and Territoire de Belfort and has a population (2006) of 1,146,000.

The principal cities are Besançon (a historical city and the modern era capital of the region), Belfort, and Montbéliard (Aire Urbaine Belfort-Montbéliard-Héricourt-Delle). Other important cities are Dole (capital before the region was conquered by Louis XIV in the late 17th century), Vesoul (capital of Haute-Saône), Arbois (the "wine capital" of the Jura), and Lons-le-Saunier (capital of Jura).

History

The region has been inhabited since the Paleolithic age and was occupied by the Gauls. Little touched by the Germanic migrations, it was part of the territory of the Alamanni in the 5th century, then the Kingdom of Burgundy from 457 to 534. It was Christianized through the influence of St. Columbanus, who founded several monasteries there. In 534, it became part of the Frankish kingdom. In 561 it was included in the Merovingian Kingdom of Burgundy, under Guntram, the third son of Clotaire I. In 613, Clotaire II reunited the Frankish Kingdom under his rule and the region remained a part of the Kingdom of Burgundy under the later Merovingians and Carolingians.

The name Franche-Comté (English: Free County of Burgundy, or literally "Free County"[1]) did not officially appear until 1366. It had been a territory of the County of Burgundy from 888, the province becoming subject to the Holy Roman Empire in 1034. It was definitively separated from the neighboring Duchy of Burgundy upon the latter's incorporation into France in 1477. That year at the battle of Nancy during the Burgundian Wars the last duke Charles the Bold was killed in battle. It was transferred to Austria in 1481 and to Spain in 1556. Franche-Comté was captured by France in 1668 but returned under the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. It was conquered a second time in 1674, and was finally ceded to France in the Treaty of Nijmegen (1678).

The region's population fell by a fifth from 1851 to 1946, reflecting low French natural growth and migration to more urbanized parts of the country. Most of the decline occurred in Haute-Saône and Jura, which remain among the country's more agriculture-dependent areas. It is one of the 26 regions of France. The Franche Comte is overall a beautiful part of eastern france.

Language

Among the regional languages of France the term Franc-Comtois refers to two dialects of two different languages. Franc-Comtois is the name of both the dialect of Langue d'Oïl spoken by people in the northern part of the region and the dialect of Franco-Provençal language spoken in its southern part since as early as the 13th century (the southern two-thirds of Jura and the southern third of Doubs). Both languages are recognized as Languages of France.

Major communities

Notes, links and references

External links

References

Footnotes

  1. ↑ per Jura (department), Wikpedia (12 July 2008).comment=Usage there, should be pinned down with cites there and here.