Ferenc Puskás

The native form of this personal name is Puskás Ferenc. This article uses the Western name order.

Ferenc Purczeld Biró (2 April 1927 – 17 November 2006), or "Ferenc Puskás", was a legendary Hungarian footballer and manager and is regarded as one of the greatest footballers of all time.^[2] He scored a remarkable 84 goals in 85 international matches for Hungary,^[1] and 514 goals in 529 matches in the Hungarian and Spanish leagues. He is also regarded by some as the best shooter in football history.

Puskás played for Honvéd and Hungary before joining Real Madrid and going on to play for Spain. During the 1950s he was both a prominent member and captain of the legendary Hungarian national team known as the Mighty Magyars. Other members of the team included Zoltán Czibor, Sándor Kocsis, József Bozsik and Nándor Hidegkuti. In 1958, two years after the Hungarian Revolution, he emigrated to Spain where he played for the legendary Real Madrid team that also included Alfredo Di Stéfano, Francisco Gento, Raymond Kopa, Héctor Rial and José Santamaria.

Puskás, with a deadly accurate left-foot, was a prolific goalscorer throughout his career as well as contributing with many assists. He was top scorer in the Hungarian League on four occasions, and in 1948 he was the top goal scorer in Europe. While playing with Real Madrid, he won four Pichichis and scored seven goals in two European Champions Cup finals. In 1995, he was recognized as the top scorer of the 20th century by the IFFHS.^[3][4][5]

After retiring as a player he became a coach. The highlight of his coaching career came in 1971 when he guided Panathinaikos FC to the European Cup final, where they lost 2–0 to Ajax. Despite his defection in 1956, Puskás remained an admired hero in Hungary. In 1993, the Hungarian government granted him a full pardon, allowing to return and take temporary charge of the national team.^[6] In 1998 he became one of the first ever FIFA/SOS Charity ambassadors.^[7] In 2002 the Népstadion in Budapest was renamed the Puskás Ferenc Stadion in his honor.^[2] He was also declared the best Hungarian player of the last 50 years by the Hungarian Football Federation in the UEFA Jubilee Awards in November 2003.^[8]

Puskás was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease in 2000.^[9] He was admitted to a Budapest hospital in September 2006^[10] and died on 17 November 2006^[9] of pneumonia. He is survived by his wife of 57 years, Erzsébet,^[11] and their daughter, Anikó.^[12] In a state funeral, his coffin was moved from Puskás Ferenc Stadion to Heroes' Square for a military salute. He was laid to rest under the dome of the St Stephen's Basilica in Budapest on 9 December 2006.

A street (Újtemető utca) near Stadium Bozsik in the Hungarian capital Budapest (Kispest) has been renamed after Ferenc Puskas precisely one year after the legendary footballer’s death.

Career in Hungary

Early years

Puskás was born Ferenc Purczeld in Budapest and brought up in Kispest, then a village near the city. Today Kispest is a Budapest district. He was ten years old when his father, Ferenc Sr., changed the family name to Puskás.^[13] His favourite team was Arsenal F.C. and among his early footballing heroes were Ted Drake and Ricardo Zamora. He began his career as a junior with Kispest A.C.,^[2] where his father, who had previously played for the club, was a coach. He initially used the pseudonym Miklós Kovács to help circumvent the minimum age rules^[14] before officially signing at the age of twelve. Among his early teammates was his childhood friend and future Mighty Magyar teammate József Bozsik. He made his first senior appearance for Kispest in November 1943, in a match against Nagyvárad.^[15]

Kispest was taken over by the Hungarian Ministry of Defence in 1949, becoming the Hungarian Army team and changing its name to Honvéd. As a result football players were given military ranks. Puskás eventually became a major, which led to the nickname "The Galloping Major".^[13] As the army club, Honvéd used conscription to acquire the best Hungarian players, leading to the recruitment of Zoltán Czibor and Sándor Kocsis.^[16] During his career at Honvéd, Puskás helped the club win five Hungarian League titles. He also finished as top goal scorer in the league in 1947–48, 1949–50, 1950 and 1953, scoring 50, 31, 25 and 27 goals respectively. In 1948 he was the top goal scorer in Europe.

The Mighty Magyars

Puskás made his debut for Hungary team on 20 August 1945 and scored in a 5–2 win over Austria.^[17] He went onto play 85 games and scored 84 times for Hungary. His international goal record included two hat tricks against Austria, one against Luxembourg and 4 goals in a 12–0 win over Albania.^[18] Together with Zoltán Czibor, Sándor Kocsis, József Bozsik and Nándor Hidegkuti, he formed the nucleus of the legendary team that went unbeaten for a standing world record 32 consecutive games.^[19] During this run they became Olympic Champions in 1952, beating Yugoslavia 2–0 in the final in Helsinki. Puskás scored four times at the Olympic tournament^[18] including the opening goal in the final. They also twice gave England a footballing lesson. In 1953 they stunned England with a 6–3 win and became the first non-UK team to defeat the English national team at Wembley Stadium.^[17] At their next meeting in 1954 the Magyars defeated England 7–1 in Budapest, which, to this day remains England's heaviest ever defeat in International Football. Puskás scored two goals in each game against England. This footballing exhibition was in part due to the early style of football strikingly similar to the 'total football' displayed by the Dutch teams of 20 years later. This in stark comparison to the rigid system employed by the English team. In 1953 they also became Central European Champions. Hungary won the championship after finishing top of the table with 11 points. Puskás finished the tournament as top scorer with 10 goals and scored twice as Hungary claimed the trophy with a 3–0 win over Italy at the Stadio Olimpico in 1953.

Puskás scored three goals in the two first-round matches Hungary played at the 1954 World Cup. They defeated South Korea 9–0 and then West Germany 8–3. In the latter game he suffered an ankle injury after a tackle by Werner Liebrich and did not return until the final. Despite not playing, Puskás became embroiled in controversy during the infamous quarterfinal encounter with Brazil, dubbed the Battle of Berne. After the game finished, Puskás, a spectator, allegedly struck Pinheiro, a Brazilian player, with a bottle. The bottle gave Pinheiro a three-inch cut. Other reports blame another spectator and not Puskás.

Puskás played the entire 1954 World Cup final against West Germany, although he was not fully fit. Despite this, he scored his fourth goal of the tournament to put Hungary ahead after six minutes, and with Czibor adding another goal two minutes later, it seemed destined that the pre-tournament favorites would take the title. However, the West Germans pulled back two goals before half time and the tide began to turn. The second half saw telling misses from the Hungarian team and then with six minutes left the West Germans scored the winner. Two minutes from the end of the match Puskás scored an equalizer but, in a controversial call, the goal was disallowed for offside. Hungary lost 3–2, its record unbeaten run ended.^[20]

Honvéd World Tour

Honvéd entered the European Cup in 1956 and were drawn against Atlético Bilbao in the first round. Honvéd lost the away leg 2–3, but before the home leg could be played, the Hungarian Revolution erupted in Budapest. The players decided against going back to Hungary and arranged for the return with Atlético to be played at Heysel Stadium in Brussels.^[19] Puskás scored in the subsequent 3–3 draw but Honvéd were eliminated 6–5 on aggregate, and the Hungarian players were left in limbo. They summoned their families from Budapest, and despite opposition from FIFA and the Hungarian football authorities, they organised a fundraising tour of Italy, Portugal, Spain and Brazil. After returning to Europe, the players parted ways. Some, including Bozsik, returned to Hungary while others, including Czibor, Kocsis and Puskás, found new clubs in Western Europe.^[21]

Spanish career

Real Madrid

Ferenc Puskas's player licence

After refusing to return to Hungary, Puskás initially played a few unofficial games for RCD Espanyol. At the same time both AC Milan and Juventus attempted to sign him, but then he received a two-year ban from UEFA which prevented him from playing in Europe. He moved to Austria and then Italy.^[19] After his ban Puskás tried to play in Italy but was not able to find a top-flight club willing to sign him, as Italian managers were concerned about his age and weight.^[16] He was considered by Manchester United to strengthen a squad ravaged by the Munich Air Disaster in 1958 but because of The FA rules regarding foreigners and Puskas' not knowing the English language, stand-in manager Jimmy Murphy could not fulfil his wish of signing the Hungarian. However, a few months later Puskas joined Real Madrid and at the age of 31 embarked on the second phase of his career.

During his first La Liga season, Puskás scored four hat-tricks, including one in his second game, against Sporting de Gijón on 21 September 1958. In the game against UD Las Palmas on 4 January 1959, Puskás and Alfredo Di Stéfano scored hat-tricks in a 10–1 win.^[22] During the 1960–61 season, Puskás scored four times in a game against Elche CF and the following season he scored five goals against the same team. Puskás scored two hat-tricks against FC Barcelona in 1963, one at the Bernabéu and one at the Camp Nou. During eight seasons with Real, Puskás played 180 La Liga games and scored 156 goals. He scored 20 or more goals in each of his first six seasons in the Spanish league, and won the Pichichi four times: in 1960, 1961, 1963 and 1964, scoring 26, 27, 26 and 20 goals respectively. He helped Real win La Liga five times in a row between 1961 and 1965 and the Copa del Generalísimo in 1962. He scored both goals in the 2–1 victory over Sevilla FC in the Copa final.

Puskás also played a further 39 games for Real in the European Cup, scoring 35 goals. He helped Real reach the final of the 1959 European Cup, scoring in the first leg and in the decisive replay of the semi-final against Atlético Madrid, but missed the final due to injury. However, the following season he would make up for it. He began Real's 1960 European Cup campaign with a hat-trick against Jeunesse Esch and in the semi-final against CF Barcelona, he once again guided Real into the final with three goals over two legs. In the final itself, regarded by some as one the greatest finals ever, Puskás and Di Stéfano once again ran riot. Real beat Eintracht Frankfurt 7–3 with Puskás scoring four goals^[2] and Di Stéfano scoring three. In subsequent European campaigns he would score a further three hat-tricks including one in the 1962 final against Benfica which Real lost 5–3. In 1965 he scored five goals over two games against Feyenoord as he helped a new generation of Real Madrid players win the 1966 European Cup.

Spanish International

In 1962, Puskás took Spanish nationality,^[23] and subsequently played four times for Spain. Three of these games were at the 1962 World Cup. For once his goalscoring form deserted him and he failed to score any goals for Spain.

Coaching career

After retiring as a player, Puskás became a coach and managed teams in Europe, North America, South America, Africa, Asia and Australia.

The highlight of his coaching career came in 1971 when he guided Panathinaikos FC to the European Cup final, the only time a Greek club has reached a European final to date. After beating Everton in the quarter finals on away goals, Panathinaikos then pulled off the shock of the competition with a dramatic comeback in their semi-final against Red Star Belgrade. 4–1 down after the away first-leg, they won the return home second-leg 3–0 to qualify for the final on away goals.

The final saw Puskás return to Wembley Stadium. Panathinaikos FC had some memorable chances to score, but eventually lost 2–0 to Johan Cruyff's Ajax.^[24] During his five-year tenure at Panathinaikos, Puskás helped the team secure two Greek Championships and his success with the team made him a cult figure among Panathinaikos fans. With the notable exception of his spell at Panathinaikos, Puskás failed to transfer his success as a player to his coaching career.

Despite his wide travels, his only other success came with South Melbourne Hellas, with whom he won the National Soccer League title in 1991.

When Wolverhampton Wanderers opened their new stadium Molineux in 1993 Ferenc Puskás visited the newly opened stadium as an honorary guest to watch the friendly match Wolves v Honved which was a match to christen the new opening of the stadium. This was because in the 50's Wolves played a Honved in a memorable friendly match, which Ferenc Puskás played in. Wolves won the match 3–2.

Honours

Olympic medal record
Competitor for  Hungary
Men's football
Gold	1952 Helsinki	Team Competition

Club

• Honvéd
  • Hungarian League: 1949–50, 1950, 1952, 1954, 1955
• Real Madrid
  • La Liga: 1960–61, 1961–62, 1962–63, 1963–64, 1964–65
  • Copa del Generalísimo: 1962
  • European Cup: 1959, 1960, 1966
    • Runners-up: 1962
  • Intercontinental Cup: 1960

Country

• Hungary
  • Olympic Champions: 1952
  • Central European Champions: 1953
  • World Cup Runners-up: 1954
  • Balkans Cup: 1947

Individual

• European Cup Top Scorer (12 goals)(7 goals): 1960, 1964
• Winner Player European of the century XX L'Equipe
• Winner Player Hungarian of the century XX
• Winner Player Hungarian Top Goalscorer of the century XX
• Silver Ball European Footballer of the Year France Football : 1960
• Named in FIFA 100
• Pichichi Trophy: 1959–60, 1960–61, 1962–63, 1963–64
• Hungarian Top Goalscorer: 1947–48, 1949–50, 1950, 1953
• World Player of the Year: 1952, 1953

Manager

• Panathinaikos
  • Super League Greece: 1970–71, 1971–72
  • European Cup
    • Runners-Up: 1971
• South Melbourne Hellas
  • National Soccer League: 1990–91
  • NSL Cup: 1989–90
  • Docherty Cup: 1989 and 1991

Career statistics

Trivia

Puskas was a childhood friend of Istvan Eszterhas, father of Hollywood screenwriter Joe Eszterhas.

Notes and references

Sources

• Behind The Curtain - Travels in Eastern European Football: Jonathan Wilson (2006) [2]
• The World Cup - The Complete History: Terry Crouch (2002) [3]
• 50 Years of the European Cup and Champions League: Keir Radnedge (2005) [4]
• Obituary in The Guardian by Brian Glanville, November 18, 2006

External links

• Ferenc Puskás (career statistics)
• FIFA obituary
• UEFA. com - Hungary's Golden Player
• Puskas Goal - England 3:6 Hungary 1954 (video)
• Real Madrid tribute to Ferenc Puskas (video)
• Poetry dedicated to Puskas(Spanish)

Golden Team Gyula Grosics • Jenő Buzánszky • Gyula Lóránt • Mihály Lantos • József Bozsik • József Zakariás • László Budai • Sándor Kocsis • Nándor Hidegkuti • Ferenc Puskás • Zoltán Czibor • Coach: Gusztáv Sebes

Hungary squad – 1954 FIFA World Cup Runners-up 1 Grosics • 2 Buzánszky • 3 Lóránt • 4 Lantos • 5 Bozsik • 6 Zakariás • 7 J. Tóth • 8 Kocsis • 9 Hidegkuti • 10 Puskás • 11 Czibor • 12 Kárpáti • 13 Várhidi • 14 Kovács • 15 Szojka • 16 Budai • 17 Machos • 18 Csordás • 19 Palotás • 20 M. Tóth • 21 Gellér • 22 Gulyás • Coach: Sebes

Spain squad – 1962 FIFA World Cup 1 Araquistáin • 2 Sadurní • 3 Carmelo • 4 Collar • 5 del Sol • 6 di Stéfano • 7 Echeberría • 8 Garay • 9 Gento • 10 Gracia • 11 Rivilla • 12 Peiró • 13 Pachín • 14 Puskás • 15 Eulogio • 16 Reija • 17 Rodri • 18 Adelardo • 19 Santamaría • 20 Segarra • 21 Suárez • 22 Vergés • Coach: Herrera