Douglas DC-2
| Douglas DC-2 | |
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| DC-2 PH-AJU came second in the MacRobertson Air Race | |
| Role | Passenger & military transport |
| Manufacturer | Douglas Aircraft Company, Fokker |
| First flight | May 11, 1934 |
| Introduced | May 18, 1934 |
| Primary users | United States Australia Germany United Kingdom |
| Number built | 156 |
| Developed from | Douglas DC-1 |
| Variants | Douglas DC-3 |
The Douglas DC-2 was a 14 seat, twin-propeller airliner produced by the Douglas Aircraft Corporation starting in 1934. It competed with the Boeing 247. In 1935 Douglas produced a larger version called the DC-3, which became one of the most successful airplanes in history.
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Design and development
In the early 1930s, fears about the safety of wooden aircraft structures (responsible for the crash of a Fokker Trimotor) compelled the American aviation industry to develop all-metal types. With United Airlines having a monopoly on the Boeing 247, rival Transcontinental and Western Air issued a specification for an all-metal trimotor.
The response of the Douglas Aircraft Company was more radical. When it flew on July 1, 1933, the prototype DC-1 had a highly robust tapered wing, a retractable undercarriage, and only two 690 hp (515 kW) Wright radial engines driving variable-pitch propellers. It seated 12 passengers.
TWA accepted the basic design and ordered 20, with more powerful engines and seating for 14 passengers, as DC-2s. The design impressed a number of American and European airlines and further orders followed. Those for European customers KLM, LOT, Swissair, CLS and LAPE were assembled by Fokker in the Netherlands. 156 DC-2s were built.
Operational history
Although overshadowed by its ubiquitous successor, it was the DC-2 which first showed that passenger air travel could be comfortable, safe and reliable. As a token of this, KLM entered their first DC-2 PH-AJU Uiver (Stork) in the October 1934 MacRobertson Air Race between London and Melbourne. Out of the 20 entrants, it finished second behind only the purpose built de Havilland DH.88 racer Grosvenor House. During the total journey time of 90 h 13 min, it was in the air for 81 h 10 min, and won the handicap section of the race. ( The DH.88 finished first in the handicap section, but the crew was by regulations allowed to claim only one victory.)
Variants
- DC-2A
- The designation of two civil DC-2 aircraft, powered by two Pratt & Whitney Hornet radial piston engines.
- DC-2B
- The designation given to two DC-2 aircraft, sold to the LOT Polish Airlines. The aircraft were powered by two Bristol Pegasus VI radial piston engines.
- Modified DC-2s built for the United States Army Air Corps under several military designations
- XC-32
- 16-seat transport aircraft, later a flying command post, 1 built.
- C-32A
- Redesignated 24 commercial DC-2s impressed at the start of World War II.
- C-33
- Cargo transport aircraft, with a hinged cargo door in the aft fuselage, 18 built.
- YC-34
- VIP transport, later designated C-34, 2 built.
- C-38
- The first C-33 was modified with a DC-3 style tail section and two Wright R-1820-45 radial piston engines of 930 hp (694 kW) each. Originally designated C-33A but redesignated as prototype for C-39 variant. 1 built.
- C-39
- A composite of DC-2 & DC-3 components. Powered by two Wright R-1820-55 radial piston engines, of 975 hp (727 kW) each, 35 built.
- C-41/C-41A
- VIP transport powered by two Pratt & Whitney R-1830-21 radial piston engines, of 1200 hp (895 kW) each, 1 of each built. The C-41 was the staff plane of Maj. Gen. Henry H. Arnold and the C-41A was used to fly the Secretary of War.
- C-42
- VIP transport, Powered by two Wright R-1820-53 radial piston engines, of 1200 hp (895 kW) each. 1 built in 1939 for the commanding general, GHQ Air Force, plus two similarly-converted C-39s procured in 1943.
- R2D
- One transport aircraft for the US Navy.
- R2D-1
- Four transport aircraft for the US Navy.
- Foreign built variants
- Tupolev ANT-35
- Soviet copy of the DC-2 slightly modified and powered by Gnome-Rhone M85 engines.[1]
- Nakajima AT-2 / Ki-34
- Japanese license-built version
Operators
Civil operators
- CNAC
- ČSA
- Japan Air Transport
- Manchurian Airlines
- Mexicana
- KLM ordered 18 aircraft.
- LOT Polish Airlines operated 3 DC-2B aircraft between 1935 and 1939
Spanish Republic
- Lineas Aereas Postales Espanolas received 5 aircraft.
- Swissair
- American Airlines used their DC-2 on New York-Los Angeles route.[1]
- Eastern Air Lines received 14 aircraft and used them on East Coast routes.[1]
- Pan American Airways received 16 aircraft and used them on Caribbean and South American routes.[1]
- Trans World Airlines (TWA)
Military operators
- Finnish Air Force
- Imperial Japanese Army Air Service[1]
- Spanish Republic
- Spanish Air Force took over 5 DC-2 from Lineas Aeroeas Postales Espanolas inventory.[1]
- United States Army Air Corps
- United States Army Air Force
- United States Marine Corps
- United States Navy
Survivors
There are currently no DC-2s in commercial service. However, several aircraft made it into the 21st century:
- c/n 1404: The Aviodrome in Lelystad, the Netherlands, owns and operates one of the last flying DC-2. This former United States Navy aircraft is painted in the Uiver's KLM colour scheme and is sometimes seen on airshows in Europe. It is registered as NC39165 since 1945, though is now also wearing PH-AJU as a fake registration to match that of the historic Uiver aircraft.
- c/n 1288: Also located at the Aviodrome in the Netherlands though owned by the Dutch Dakota Association. It is far from airworthy and will not be restored to such a condition. Its first operator was Eastern Air Lines.
- c/n 1368: A former Pan Am aircraft from 1932 that was used by the Douglas historical foundation until the merger with Boeing in 1997. It is now housed at the Museum of Flight in Seattle, Washington. This aircraft (N1934D) was restored to flying condition in 2007 and flown to Santa Maria, California for a new paint job. It received a TWA "The Lindbergh Line" livery and interior trim.[2]
- One DC-2 is preserved at the Central Finland Aviation Museum. Another wingless fuselage (c/n 1562) is on display at the Finnish Aviation Museum. [3]
- c/n 1292: There are three DC-2s surviving in Australia in 2006; this aircraft, c/n 1292, is one of ten ex-Eastern Airlines DC-2s purchased and operated by the RAAF during WW2 as A30-9. It is under restoration by The Australian National Aviation Museum
- c/n 1376 is owned by Steve Ferris in Sydney, Australia, and has been under restoration to flying status for many years. It was originally delivered to KNILM in 1935. At the outbreak of World War II it was flown to Australia and was conscripted into use with the Allied Directorate of Air Transport. In 1944 it joined Australian National Airways and finished its flying career in the 1950s with Marshall Airways. It is registered as VH-CDZ. It is the most complete of all the Australian DC2s as of 2008.
- C-39A (s/n 38-515) is at the National Museum of the United States Air Force in Dayton, Ohio. The aircraft was donated to the Museum in July 1970. During its service life it was based at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base between 1939 and 1942.[4] The aircraft is currently in storage at the Museum.
Specifications (DC-2)
General characteristics
- Crew: 2-3
- Capacity: 14 passengers
- Length: 62 ft 6 in (19.1 m)
- Wingspan: 85 ft 0 in (25.9 m)
- Height: 15 ft 10 in (4.8 m)
- Wing area: 940 ft² (87.3 m²)
- Empty weight: 12,455 lb (5,650 kg)
- Loaded weight: 18,560 lb (8,420 kg)
- Powerplant: 2× Wright Cyclone GR-F53 9-cylinder radial engines, 730 hp (540 kW) each
Performance
- Maximum speed: 210 mph at 6,800ft (338 km/h)
- Combat radius: 1,085 miles (1,750 km)
- Service ceiling 22,750 ft (6,930 m)
- Rate of climb: 1,030 ft/min (310 m/min)
See also
Related development
- Douglas DC-3
- B-18 Bolo
Comparable aircraft
- Boeing 247
- Junkers Ju 52
Related lists
- List of civil aircraft
- List of military aircraft of the United States
- List of military aircraft of the United States (naval)
References
- United States Air Force Museum. Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio: Air Force Museum Foundation. 1975.
- History of the Douglas: DC-1 DC-2 DC-3 C-47 Dakota Aircraft article at DC-3/Dakota Historical Society, Inc. website, retrieved on 24 May, 2007.
- [1]
External links
- DC-2 Article
- Centennial of Flight Commission on DC-1 and -2
- DC-2 Article
- DC-2
- DC-2 Image
- Airliners.net DC-2 Images
- Dc-2 Images
- Dc-2 Text and Images
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