Confessions (Usher album)

Confessions
Studio album by Usher
Released March 23, 2004 (regular edition)
October 5, 2004 (special edition)
February 17, 2005 (deluxe edition)
Recorded 2003–2004
Genre R&B, pop, hip pop
Length 60:30 (main edition)
78:22 (special edition)
86:23 (deluxe edition)
Label Arista, LaFace, Jive, Zomba
Producer Jermaine Dupri, Destro Music, Lil Jon, Rich Harrison, Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, Thicke, Bryan-Michael Cox, Just Blaze, Dre & Vidal, Bobby Ross Avila, James "Big Jim" Wright
Professional reviews
Usher chronology
8701
(2001)
Confessions
(2004)
Here I Stand
(2008)
Alternate cover
Special edition Cover

Confessions is the fourth studio album by American R&B-pop singer Usher, released on March 23, 2004 via Arista Records. The album was an instant commercial success in the United States, selling 1.1 million copies in its debut, the most copies ever sold in a week by an R&B artist. To date, the album has sold over 10 million copies in the United States, and has been certified Diamond by Recording Industry Association of America. Confessions spawned four US number-one singles that substantially helped it dominate the charts. The album has gone platinum and gold in over twenty different countries and has sold over 20 million copies worldwide.[1]

An R&B album, Confessions showcases the vocals of Usher in a crooner mode. It features songs with lyrics that are said to be personal. Generating controversies about Usher's personal relationship, however, the album's major producer, Jermaine Dupri, claimed the record his story. Although it earned Usher several awards, the album was critically divided.

Contents

Background

Usher did not think of collaborating with many new record producers to handle Confessions.[2] With the production started in 2003, he opted to continue creating music with Jermaine Dupri, who produced his last two albums, My Way and 8701.[2] Subsequently, Dupri contacted his frequent collaborator Bryan-Michael Cox. In spite of this, Usher contacted a few new producers as well: "With this album I choose some new producers who I figured would definitely allow me to really articulate myself in a different way ... Every album you gotta grow. You gotta look for something different."[3] Usher also worked with Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, The Neptunes, Just Blaze, R. Kelly, and his brother James Lackey.[4]

With considerably numerous collaborators and forty recorded songs, Usher felt the album had already been completed.[4] Initially, he submitted the album to his record label, Arista.[5] He and the company's then-president, L.A. Reid, sat down and listened to the record; however, they thought something was missing in it: "You know what, there's like one or two more records that we just gotta get."[4]

Usher, who wanted to perfect the album, was displeased with the decision. He deemed the album completed and felt returning to the studio was the hardest part; he needed to be re-motivated.[5] He went on recording few more tracks with help from fellow Atlantians, Lil Jon and Ludacris; eventually, the team was able to produce songs like "Red Light" and "Yeah!". Usher stashed unreleased songs he recorded with P. Diddy and The Neptunes during one of those sessions.[5]

Content

Composition

One of Usher's first steps in making Confessions was deciding to reveal "his own little secrets".[2] Friend and former A&R rep Kawan "KP" Prather thought of it would let the people knew Usher personally: "The music has never been the question, but people tend to buy into the artist. The more they know about you, the more they feel like they're there with you."[2] Primarily because of its personal content, Usher said that this is his chance to be real.[6] He named the album Confessions because he felt it is his most personal record to date: "All of us have our Pandora's boxes or skeletons in our closets. I let a few of them out, you know. I've got a lot to say. I've got a lot of things and stuff built in me that I just want to let go of."[7] He wrote more songs than he contributed to his previous album.

Several of the songs in the album were conceptually based from a situation. For instance, "Burn" was built around a situation where Usher's two-year relationship with Rozonda "Chilli" Thomas of American R&B-hip hop girl group TLC was about to end.[8] Dupri and Cox were talking and felt that there is a song in it, and started writing.[2] Same through with the supposedly title track "Confessions Part II"; they were conversing about an impregnated a mistress, and its concept was written down.[2] Usher was recording "Confessions Part II" on a July 2003 session in New York City, United States. With Usher singing the song's lyrics, the theme of cheating inspired him and Dupri; both decided to produce two parts: "Confessions Part I" and "Confessions Part II (the former is heard at the beginning of the video for the latter).[6]

Music

Confessions is dominantly in the R&B genre.[4][3] Usher commented that he chose to work with collaborators who know "... how to interpret R&B from a jazz standpoint, an old school throwback standpoint, a new school point, a traditional classic standpoint ..."[9] With producers and him set to produce such album, however, other types of genres including hip hop are incorporated. While he wanted to do R&B,[2] Usher also wanted his fans to experience hip hop and at the same time R&B: "I try to think outside the box."[9] When Lil Jon came in the scene, crunk was introduced to the R&B-centered album, specifically on the song "Yeah!". Usher said, "'Yeah!' could be called the first consciously styled "crunk R&B" record."[7] The album also houses various slow jams.[6]

The album also introduces a new style for Usher, focusing on his voice and music. Andre "Dre" Harris and Vidal Davis listened to 8701 and felt that "Usher really needs to sing hard and let people know his vocal ability".[2] With efforts focus on the record to show his it to listeners, songs like "Superstar" and "Follow Me" set Usher in more of a "crooner mode".[2] The ballad-oriented "Burn" also showcases his vocal aptitude.[10]

Reception

Marketing and promotion

When "Yeah!" came in, Usher and the label were plagued by marketing strategies. With potentials to hit music markets as the album's lead single, they were choosing between "Yeah!" and "Burn".[2] Considering that the former sufficed what the label was looking for, they also believed the latter would be a blockbuster.[2][4] Usher as well was skeptical that time if "Yeah!"—which is largely composed around crunk—would be a good choice after doing an R&B record was in his mindset.[2][7] Meanwhile, they felt "Burn" also failed to meet their expectations: "'Burn' being a great song is one thing, but it's one of them things where people said, 'It's strong, but can we make history with that?' At the end of the day, you want an event."[2] KP recalled, "Everybody was scared to make that first step."[2]

With much debate between two songs, "Burn" was originally chosen as the lead single, with plans of filming its music video in late 2003.[3] Meanwhile, Lil Jon leaked "Yeah!" to DJs across the United States in November 2003.[2][5] Originally, the label did not intend "Yeah!" as a proper single. Released to street DJs and mixtapes, it was meant to cultivate fans who waited for three years since the release of 8701.[7] While record labels stayed idle to celebrate Christmas, "Yeah!" was getting favorable and quick response from radio stations though nobody was promoting; it was finally released as the lead single.[2][7]

Confessions was originally slated to be released on November 6, 2003. But because of marketing issues, it was moved to March 23 by the following year.[2][4] With several songs recorded, Usher was challenged what of these would make the final track listing. Usher, Dupri, Reid, and then-A&R rep Mark Pitts have their favorites among the forty, but decided to choose those which "came up consistently more".[2] The collective was able to decide fifteen of them with two interludes completing the seventeen track list. Many songs were set aside for future use, including "Red Light" and a remix of "Yeah!". Usher and Arista held advance-listening sessions for the album, few months before its actual release; he also appeared on TV guestings to promote the album.[5]

Early reaction and lyrical interpretation

Shortly after Usher and his label held a few listening parties for the album,[11] controversies spread about the mistress-impregnating concept of "Confessions Part II".[5] Although Usher did not foresee such reaction of the album,[11] Dupri already inferred, while making the album, what would be their reaction: "People are gonna question [Usher] on a couple of little lyrics ..."[6] Coincidentally, Usher broke with Chilli early in 2004.[12] People were speculating about their breakup given the material of the album and his early interviews about the content of the album. With lyrics Usher admitted to have written because of his guilty conscience, people assumed that he and Chilli broke up because he was unfaithful.[12] In a February 2004 radio interview, Chilli claimed that Usher "cheated" on her that caused their relationship to split.[13]

Amidst widespread rumors, Usher stated, "People assume things, because as I said, I pull from my personal experiences to make my music."[6] He added that he loved Chilli, however, "... it just didn't work out. But cheating is not what caused the relationship to collide and crash ..."[12] Although "Burn" is a reference to his dying relationship with Chilli[8]—hence the title—Usher answered the press that the impregnating issue was not taken from a specific situation in his life.[7] He also revealed that his friends who went through similar situations inspired him to write those songs: "... it's just something that I collectively got energy from everybody around me that had been through it."[11] In early 2006, Dupri revealed that the story behind the album is his: "... me cheating on my steady girlfriend, having a baby with that other woman and having to confess to everything that happened to my main girl."[8]

Commercial performance

Confessions was commercially successful, selling nearly 1.096 million copies in the United States in its first week of release.[14] It became the highest-ever first week sales by an R&B artist,[14] the second-highest first week sales for a male artist, and the seventh-highest first week sales of the recorded album charts history by SoundScan.[5] It also equates the combined first-week sales of his four previous album releases, including his live album called Live.[15] The feat also carved history in Arista records having the first in any of their released albums to reach such sales. The success of the thirty-year old record label, however, was attributed to its merging with Zomba Records.[15]

The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200, becoming Usher's first number-one album.[15] Its early, and successive, success on the chart was said to be partly sustained—with help from plenty of press appearances and promotions—by its strong single releases.[15] With "Yeah!" propelling the album's debut atop the chart,[15] "Burn", the second single off the album, facilitated Confessions's continuing dominance as well.[16] The first two released singles were competing on the Billboard Hot 100; the latter ended the twelve-week number-one chart run of the former, making Usher the second act to achieve such feat.[17][18] As the album's third single, "Confessions Part II", was about to top the chart and Usher to join with English pop and rock group The Beatles as the only acts to achieve three consecutive number-one singles, American R&B singer Fantasia Barrino's debut single "I Believe" prevented it from happening.[19] Despite this, Usher became the first artist to top the Billboard Hot 100 Airplay with three consecutive number-one singles.[19] "Burn" achieved only eight non-consecutive weeks on the Hot 100 after "Confessions Part II" topped the chart; it became Usher's second time to replace own single at the top.[19] With the three singles also, Usher became the first lead artist to simultaneously chart on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks chart during the Nielsen SoundScan/Broadcast Data Systems (BDS) era.[18] "Yeah!" and "Burn" were 2004's top best-selling singles in the United States, placing at number one and two respectively on the Billboard Chart Year-Ender. Again, it honored Usher being the first act to achieve the feat since 1964 with the Beatles' "I Want to Hold Your Hand" and "She Loves You".[20]

The album continued its dominance on the chart. D12 World by D12 ended its five consecutive weeks run at the top spot;[21] however, Confessions reclaimed the position the following week.[22] Over one month after its release, Confessions was certified three-time platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for three million US shipments.[23] To date, the album has sold over ten million copies, and received a ten-times platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of America.[24]

Further releases

With strategies to boost the album's sales albeit threats of stealing music in the internet, Usher and his management readied a follow-up release of Confessions with additional marketing blitz.[25] The idea was considered "musically driven" after Zomba, who absorbed Arista, management was excited about "My Boo", a song recorded for the original version of the album but failed to meet deadline.[25] However, it actually began when American R&B and soul singer Alicia Keys, who is featured on the track, "brought in that the talk of repackaging started".[25] With the inclusion of "My Boo", they thought of the album as complete.[26] While they knew of other artists releasing special editions of their albums, the label felt that Confessions had the edge because of its previous success and its physical changes, including a new cover art, an expanded CD booklet, pullout poster and a letter to fans from Usher.[25] The new version includes "My Boo" and "Red Light", which were leaked alongside other songs that did not appear in the album,[27] and a remix of "Confessions Part II", and "Seduction"; original tracks were also improved like the extended version of "Confessions Part I" and a rap added by American rapper Jadakiss in "Throwback". The label itself treated the version a new album, with full media advertisements.[25] The album was re-issued on October 2004.[20]

To keep the album atop the chart, "My Boo" was targeted for release after "Confessions Part II" would be diminishing on the Hot 100.[26] The UK release of the single includes the song "Red Light" and "Sweet Lies". The single again topped the Hot 100, giving Usher his fourth consecutive number-one single. "Caught Up" was released as the fifth and final single from the album, and reached number eight in the US.[28]

Critical response

Confessions received a divided response from critics. From an artistic viewpoint, Confessions is said to be Usher's best album to date, calling expansive and futuristic.[10] Jem Aswad of American magazine Entertainment Weekly said that Usher reveals his maturity in the album.[29] Andrew McGregor of the British Broadcasting Corporation questioned, "Is it mere theatre or is he really putting his cards on the table?"[30] Laura Sinagra said that Usher "is coming of age, again ... still doesn't quite cut it as a horny roughneck".[31] She adds, however, that Usher "insists he has grown up" in this album.[31] On a May 2004 review in the American magazine Vibe, a statement reads: "Though Confessions doesn't bring Usher all the way to the artistic maturity one might hope for, tracking this star's progression definitely has its satisfactions."[32] Kelefa Sanneh from The New York Times, a daily newspaper, commented: "Like lots of recent R & B albums, this one is heavily front-loaded. Usher's voice never fails him [...], but near the end, the songwriting does."[33] Jon Caramanica of American music magazine Blender said that Usher's songwriting skills "isn't a strength, and his ballads often drown in their own inanity."[34]

The public speculated that 2004 is the year of Usher.[20] The success of the album put Usher in the mainstream, becoming the biggest artist of 2004.[35] Others also said that Usher might be the successor of Michael Jackson.[36]

The album earned Usher numerous accolades. At the 47th Grammy Awards, he was nominated for eight categories and won three: Best Contemporary R&B Album, Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal for "My Boo" and Best Rap/Sung Collaboration for "Yeah!". Usher racked up four wins at the 2005 Soul Train Music Awards: R&B/Soul Album, Male for Confessions; R&B/Soul Single, Male for "Confessions Part II"; R&B/Soul Single, Group, Band or Duo for "My Boo"; and R&B/Soul or Rap Dance Cut for "Yeah!".[37] At the 2004 American Music Awards, he won four, including Favorite Soul/R&B Album and Favorite Male Soul/R&B Artist.

Impact and legacy

With sales of more than eight million in 2004,[38] Confessions is named in the United States the most-shipped album of the year.[35] Along with the success of the American singer Norah Jones's second album, Feels like Home, as well as breakthroughs albums by many new and old artists, it was seen as a sign that US record sales were slowly recovering after three straight years of decline due to competing DVDs and video games, and the prevalent music piracy. By the end of 2004, the industry has sold 667 million albums, an increase of about 1.6 percent, as recorded by Nielsen SoundScan. Compared with sales records in 2003, the date showed eight percent of increase.[38]

The success of the album has facilitated Usher to branch out to non-musical ventures. He has opened a restaurant, starred in a film, launched his record label and recruited artists, and has done philanthropic activities like his efforts in helping 2005 Hurricane Katrina victims.[39]

Usher was not the only person who benefited much of the album's critical and commercial success. Cox, who co-wrote and co-produced "Burn", earned him credibility in the music industry. Cox has been producing records for American artists Alicia Keys, B2K, Mariah Carey and Destiny's Child, among others, but he considered "Burn" as his crowning moment, earning him two Grammy nominations. With 2004 deemed to be his introduction to a lot people, he said that they were starting to recount what he had done.[40]

Track listing

# Title Producer(s) Length
1. "Intro"   James "JLack" Lackley, Usher 0:47
2. "Yeah!" (feat. Ludacris & Lil Jon) Lil Jon 4:10
3. "Throwback" (feat. Jadakiss) Just Blaze 4:01
4. "Confessions (Interlude)"   Aaron Spears, Arthur Strong, Juan Johnny Najera, Usher, Valdez Brantley 4:20
5. "Confessions Part II"   Jermaine Dupri, Bryan-Michael Cox 3:49
6. "Burn"   Jermaine Dupri, Bryan-Michael Cox 4:16
7. "Caught Up"   Dre & Vidal 3:45
8. "Superstar (Interlude)"   Aaron Spears, Arthur Strong, Juan Johnny Najera, Usher, Valdez Brantley 1:05
9. "Superstar"   Dre & Vidal 3:25
10. "Truth Hurts"   Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis 3:51
11. "Simple Things"   Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis 4:58
12. "Bad Girl"   Destro Music 4:22
13. "That's What It's Made For"   Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis 4:38
14. "Can U Handle It?"   Robin Thicke, Pro J 5:45
15. "Do It to Me"   Jermaine Dupri 3:54
16. "Take Your Hand"   Rich Harrison 3:04
17. "Follow Me"   Dre & Vidal 3:31
Special Edition
# Title Producer(s) Length
18. "My Boo" (feat. Alicia Keys) Jermaine Dupri 3:43
19. "Red Light"   Lil Jon 4:48
20. "Seduction"     4:34
21. "Confessions Part II (Remix)" (feat. Jermaine Dupri, Kanye West, Shyne, and Twista) Jermaine Dupri 4:29

References

  1. "Usher", Emi Publishing. Retrieved on 2008-12-01. 
  2. 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 Reid, Shaheem (2005-02-07). "Road To The Grammys: The Making Of Usher's Confessions", MTV News. Retrieved on 2008-05-18. 
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 Reid, Shaheem (2003-12-19). "Usher To Share His Confessions In March", MTV News. Retrieved on 2008-05-18. 
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Reid, Shaheem. "Usher: King Me", MTV News. Retrieved on 2008-05-18. 
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Reid, Shaheem (2004-03-31). "The Road To Confessions: How Usher 'Shook A Million'", MTV News. Retrieved on 2008-05-18. 
  6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Reid, Shaheem. "Usher: King Me (Part II)", MTV News. Retrieved on 2008-05-18. 
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 "Usher Lets Skeletons Out Of The Closet On Confessions", MTV News (2004-02-17). Retrieved on 2008-05-18. 
  8. 8.0 8.1 8.2 Vineyard, Jennifer (2006-01-25). "In Book Proposal, Dupri Calls Em A Hater, Says Usher's Confessions Are Really His", MTV News. Retrieved on 2008-05-20. 
  9. 9.0 9.1 Ives, Brian, et. Al. (2008-04-11). "Usher's Confession: "It Ain't Soft To Be R&B" – Part 3", Vh1. Retrieved on 2008-05-18. 
  10. 10.0 10.1 Reid, Shaheem. "Usher:Souled Out", MTV News. Retrieved on 2008-05-18. 
  11. 11.0 11.1 11.2 Reid, Shaheem (2004-03-24). "Usher Says He's Not A Baby's Daddy", MTV News. Retrieved on 2008-05-20. 
  12. 12.0 12.1 12.2 Reid, Shaheem. "Usher: King Me", MTV News. Retrieved on 2008-05-20. 
  13. Peterson, Todd (2004-02-20). "TLC's Chilli Dishes on Ex-Beau Usher", People. Retrieved on 2008-05-20. 
  14. 14.0 14.1 D'Angelo, Joe (2004-03-31). "Usher Makes Record-Breaking Debut Atop Albums Chart", Billboard, Nielsen Business Media, Inc. Retrieved on 2008-06-07. 
  15. 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 D'Angelo, Joe (2004-03-31). "Usher Makes Record-Breaking Debut Atop Albums Chart", MTV News. Retrieved on 2008-05-20. 
  16. D'Angelo, Joe (2004-05-19). "'Burn' Keeps Usher Hot — And On Top", MTV News. Retrieved on 2008-05-20. 
  17. Whitmire, Margo (2004-06-17). "Usher Locks Up Top Two Hot 100 Slots", Billboard, Nielsen Business Media, Inc. Retrieved on 2008-05-20. 
  18. 18.0 18.1 Whitmire, Margo (2004-05-13). "Usher Takes Own Seat Atop Hot 100", Billboard, Nielsen Business Media, Inc. Retrieved on 2008-05-20. 
  19. 19.0 19.1 19.2 Whitmire, Margo (2004-07-15). "Usher Notches Another No. 1 Single", Billboard, Nielsen Business Media, Inc. Retrieved on 2008-05-20. 
  20. 20.0 20.1 20.2 Sisario, Ben (2004-12-21). "Arts, Briefly; The Year of Usher", The New York Times. Retrieved on 2008-05-20. 
  21. Whitmire, Margo (2004-05-05). "D12 Ends Usher's Album Chart Reign", Billboard, Nielsen Business Media, Inc. Retrieved on 2008-05-20. 
  22. Whitmire, Margo (2004-05-12). "Usher Unseats D12 From No. 1", Billboard, Nielsen Business Media, Inc. Retrieved on 2008-05-20. 
  23. Jeckell, Barry (2004-05-04). "Usher Album Tips Triple-Platinum", Billboard, Nielsen Business Media, Inc. Retrieved on 2008-05-20. 
  24. "Gold and Platinum". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved on 2008-05-23.
  25. 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 25.4 Jones, Steve (2004-09-12). "Usher amends his 'Confessions' to boost CD sales", USA Today. Retrieved on 2008-05-20. 
  26. 26.0 26.1 Reid, Shaheem (2004-06-14). "Usher, Alicia Keys Record Duet", MTV News. Retrieved on 2008-05-20. 
  27. Reid, Shaheem (2004-07-29). "Usher/ Alicia Keys Video To Accompany Confessions Re-Release", MTV News. Retrieved on 2008-05-20. 
  28. "Usher: Billboard Singles". Allmusic. Retrieved on 2008-11-22.
  29. Aswad, Jem (2004-03-26). "Music Reviews: Confessions (2004) – Usher", Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved on 2008-05-20. 
  30. McGregor, Andrew. "Usher: Confessions". British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved on 2008-05-25.
  31. 31.0 31.1 Sinagra, Laura (2004). "Album Reviews: Usher - Confessions". Rolling Stone. Retrieved on 2008-05-25.
  32. "Confessions by Usher". Metacritic. Retrieved on 2008-05-25.
  33. Sanneh, Kelefa (2004-03-28). "Two Lessons At the School For Scandal". The New York Times. Retrieved on 2008-05-25.
  34. Caramanica, Jon. "Usher: Confessions". Blender. Retrieved on 2008-05-25.
  35. 35.0 35.1 Vineyard, Jennifer (2005-01-05). "Usher's 'Yeah!' Was Most Played Song Of 2004", MTV News. Retrieved on 2008-05-20. 
  36. Ives, Brian, et. Al. (2008-04-11). "Usher's Confession: "It Ain't Soft To Be R&B" – Part 1", Vh1. Retrieved on 2008-05-20. 
  37. Hall, Sarah (2004-03-01). "Usher, Alicia Got Soul", E! Online. Retrieved on 2008-05-20. 
  38. 38.0 38.1 The New York Times editors (2005-01-05). "Album Sales Expected to Show 1.6% Rise", The New York Times. Retrieved on 2008-05-20. 
  39. Reid, Shaheem (2007-05-01). "Usher Issues Warning To R&B's New Class: 'Daddy's Home!'", MTV News. Retrieved on 2008-05-20. 
  40. Hall, Rashaun (2005-01-12). "Usher's Success Lifts Songwriter/Producer Bryan-Michael Cox", MTV News. Retrieved on 2008-05-20. 
Preceded by
Feels like Home by Norah Jones
D12 World by D12
Under My Skin by Avril Lavigne
Billboard 200 number-one album
April 4, 2004 – May 8, 2004
May 16, 2004 – June 5, 2004
June 13, 2004 – June 19, 2004
Succeeded by
D12 World by D12
Under My Skin by Avril Lavigne
Contraband by Velvet Revolver
Preceded by
Patience by George Michael
UK number one album
April 3, 2004 – April 9, 2004
Succeeded by
Anastacia by Anastacia