Charles Bronson
| Charles Bronson | |
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 Charles Bronson (1973) |
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| Born | Charles Dennis Buchinsky November 3, 1921 Ehrenfeld, Pennsylvania, USA |
| Died | August 30, 2003 (aged 81) Los Angeles, California |
| Spouse(s) | Harriet Tendler (1949-1967) Jill Ireland (1968-1990) Kim Weeks (1998-2003) |
Charles Bronson (born Charles Dennis Buchinsky, Lithuanian name Karolis Bučinskis,[1] November 3, 1921 – August 30, 2003) was an American actor known for "tough guy" roles who starred in such classic films as Once Upon a Time in the West, The Magnificent Seven, The Dirty Dozen, The Great Escape as well as many other action melodramas, including the popular Death Wish series, which ran for two decades. He was most often cast as a police cop or a western gunfighter.
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Biography
Early life and World War II service
Bronson was born in the Ehrenfeld, Pennsylvania coal-mining neighborhood of Scooptown in the Pittsburgh Tri-State area. He was the 11th of 15 children born to a Lithuanian Tatar immigrant father and a Lithuanian-American mother. [2] His sister is the grandmother of Shane Furman, a well-known CG artist.[3] His father was from the Lithuanian town of Druskininkai. Bronson's father died when he was only 10, and he went to work in the coal mines like his older brothers until he entered military service during World War II. He earned $1 per ton of coal mined. His family was so poor that, at one time, he reportedly had to wear his sister's dress to school because he had nothing else to wear.[4][5]
In 1943, Bronson joined the United States Army Air Forces and served as an aircraft gunner in the 760th Flexible Gunnery Training Squadron, and in 1945 as a B-29 Superfortress crewman with the 39th Bombardment Group based on Guam. He was awarded a Purple Heart for wounds received during his service.[6]
Acting career
Early roles, 1951-1959
After the war, he decided to pursue acting, not from love of it, but rather because he was impressed with the amount of money that he might be able to make. Bronson was a roommate of Jack Klugman, another struggling actor at the time. Klugman later said of Bronson that he was good at ironing clothes.
Bronson's first movie role – an uncredited one – was as a sailor in You're in the Navy Now in 1951. Other early screen appearances were in Pat and Mike, Miss Sadie Thompson and House of Wax (as Vincent Price's henchman Igor). In 1952, Bronson boxed in a ring with Roy Rogers in Rogers' show Knockout.
In 1954, during the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) proceedings, he changed his surname from Buchinsky to Bronson as Eastern European names sounded suspicious in an era of anti-Soviet sentiment. He took his inspiration from the Bronson Gate at Paramount Studios, situated on the corner of Melrose Avenue and Bronson Street.
Bronson made several appearances on television in the 1950s and 1960s, including leading roles in three episodes of Alfred Hitchcock Presents: And So Died Riabouchinska (1956), There Was an Old Woman (1956), and The Woman Who Wanted to Live (1962). He also starred alongside Elizabeth Montgomery in The Twilight Zone episode "Two" (1961) and played a killer named Crego in Gunsmoke (1956).
Many of his filmographies incorrectly state that he appeared in the 1958 Gary Cooper film Ten North Frederick, which was not the case.
In 1958 he was first cast in his first lead role in Roger Corman's Machine-Gun Kelly, a low-budget, though well received, gangster film.
Bronson also scored the lead in his own ABC's detective series Man with a Camera (from 1958 to 1960), in which he portrayed Mike Kovac, a former combat photographer freelancing in New York City. Frequently, Kovac was involved in dangerous assignments for the New York Police Department.
Success, 1960-1968
Charles Bronson gained attention in 1960 with his role in John Sturges' western The Magnificent Seven (1960), where he played one of seven gunfighters taking up the cause of the defenseless. Two years later, Sturges cast him for another popular Hollywood production The Great Escape as a claustrophobic Polish prisoner of war nicknamed "The Tunnel King" (coincidentally, Bronson was really claustrophobic because of his childhood work in a mine).
In 1961 he was nominated for an Emmy Award for his supporting role in a TV episode with the title Memory in White.[7]
In the first half of 1963, Bronson co-starred with Richard Egan in the NBC Western series Empire, set on a New Mexico ranch. In the 1963-1964 season he portrayed Linc, the stubborn wagonmaster in the ABC series The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters, where he starred together with Dan O'Herlihy and then twelve-year-old Kurt Russell.
In The Dirty Dozen (1967) Bronson played an Army death row convict conscripted into a suicide mission.
European roles, 1968-1973
Although he began his career in the United States, Bronson first made a serious name for himself in European films. He became quite famous on that continent, and was known by two nicknames: The Italians called him "Il Brutto" ("The Ugly One") and to the French he was known as a "monstre sacré" ("holy monster").
In 1968 he starred as Harmonica in Once Upon a Time in the West. The director, Sergio Leone, once called him "the greatest actor I ever worked with", and had wanted to cast Bronson for the lead in all three of his previous westerns, now known as the Man with No Name trilogy. Bronson turned him down each time and the roles instead launched Clint Eastwood to film stardom.
Even though he was not yet a headliner in America in 1970, he helped the French film Rider on the Rain win a Hollywood's Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film. The following year, this overseas fame earned him a special Golden Globe Henrietta Award for "World Film Favorite - Male" together with Sean Connery. This was the most prestitigious of the few awards he ever received. At the time, the actor wondered if he was "too masculine" to ever become a star in the United States.
Death Wish series, 1974-1994
One of Bronson's most memorable roles came when he was over the age of 50, in Death Wish (1974), the most popular film of his long association with director Michael Winner. He played Paul Kersey, a successful New York architect, a liberal until his wife (played by Hope Lange) is murdered and his daughter raped. Kersey becomes a crime-fighting vigilante by night - a highly controversial role, as his executions were cheered by crime-weary audiences. After the famous 1984 case of Bernhard Goetz, Bronson recommended that people not imitate his character. This successful movie spawned sequels over the next 20 years, in which Bronson also starred. His great nephew, Justin Bronson, was scheduled to star in a remake of Death Wish in 2008, but the film has not yet seen the light of day.
For Walter Hill's Hard Times (1975), he starred as a Depression-era street fighter making his living in illegal bare-knuckled matches in Louisiana, earning grudingly good reviews.
He was considered to play the role of Snake Plissken in Escape from New York (1981), but director John Carpenter thought he was too tough looking and too old for the part, and decided to cast Kurt Russell instead. IN the years between 1976 and 1994, Bronson commanded high salaries to star in numerous films made by smaller production companies, most notably Cannon Films. Many of them were directed by J. Lee Thompson, a collaborative relationship that Bronson enjoyed and actively pursued, reportedly because Thompson worked quickly and efficiently. Ultra-violent films such as The Evil That Men Do and 10 To Midnight were blasted by critics, but provided him with good-paying work throughout the 80s. Bronson's last starring role in a theatrically released film was 1994's Death Wish V: The Face of Death.
Charles Bronson became very popular in Japan in the early 1990s with the bushy eyebrowed TV critic Yodogawa Nagaharu ("Sayonara, sayonara, sayonara!") hosting 1-2 seasons of his films every year on NTV, one of the main TV channels in Japan.
Personal life
Bronson was married to British actress Jill Ireland from 1968 until her death from breast cancer at age 54 in 1990. He had met her when she was married to British actor David McCallum. At the time, Bronson (who shared the screen with McCallum in The Great Escape) reportedly told him, "I'm going to marry your wife." Two years later, Bronson did just that. She was his second wife.
A young woman living in Kentucky had willed $300,000 to Charles. But in a twist, she said if Bronson didn't want the cash, it should go to the Louisville Free Public Library. The woman had been an active user of the library and had checked out lots of movies and books about Charles Bronson. Bronson took the cash. The woman's sister in California sued, saying she deserved the money, that her sister was not of sound mind. [8]
Death
On August 30, 2003 Bronson died of pneumonia while suffering from Alzheimer's disease at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles. He had been in poor health since undergoing hip replacement surgery in August 1998. He is buried in Brownsville, Vermont, near his home of thirty years in West Windsor.
Legacy in Pop Culture
- It is believed that Michael Gordon Peterson, a former British criminal, circus strongman and bareknuckle boxer (famously referred to as "Britain's most dangerous prison inmate") changed his name to Charles Bronson to be more in line with a "tough guy" image. His boxing promoter made this change in 1987[9].
- In the film The Boondock Saints, Connor McManus says, "No I ain't. Charlie Bronson's always got rope... You don't fuckin' know what you're gonna need it for. They just always need it." Than later, while crawling through a heating vent Murphy McManus says, "I'm not the rope-totin' Charlie Bronson wannabe that's getting us fucking lost!"
- Among the many considered for the lead role in The French Connection (1971) which later went to Gene Hackman.
- Avco-Embassy Pictures, the financial backer for John Carpenter's Escape From New York, preferred either Charles Bronson or Tommy Lee Jones to play the role of "Snake" Plissken to Carpenter's choice of Kurt Russell. Carpenter thought Bronson was too tough looking to play Plisken.
- Was considered and read for the part of the eponymous hero of Superman (1978), which later went to Christopher Reeve.
- Turned down the part of Billy Madison's father in Billy Madison (1995).
- Major League Baseball pitcher Bronson Arroyo (born 1977) is named after him.
- The Canadian speed/thrash metal band Razor dedicated their 1988 album Violent Restitution to Bronson.
- The hardcore band Charles Bronson sampled many clips from a variety of Charles Bronson movies.
- The "charles bronson" (or "bronson") has become popular in Scotland as a slang term for cocaine. Origin may derive from cocaine previously being referred to as "charley".
- The Simpsons episode The Old Man and the Key pays homage to him in the form of a town called Bronson, Missouri, in which everyone looks and speaks like him. Another episode has him replacing Andy Griffith as Andy Taylor on The Andy Griffith Show, the drastic change from Griffith's loveable persona to Bronson's more macho style being quite evident when he claims to have shot Ernest T. Bass and be going down to Emmit's Fix-It Shop to "fix Emmit". There was also a preview for Death Wish 9 on an episode in which Bronson lies in a hospital bed and says "I wish I was dead, oy."
- The song Kick in the Door by The Notorious B.I.G. contains the lyric: "...tote steel like Bronson, vigilante...", referring to the Paul Kersey character from the Death Wish films and his penchant for carrying a concealed pistol.
- The song Rampage by EPMD contains the lyric: "...Walking the streets, a vigilante Charles Bronson."
- He was the theme of a Sara Groves song from her album Station Wagon: Songs for Parents. Referring to her baby boy, she sings "He looks like Charles Bronson when he cries."
- On the 1994 NOFX album Punk in Drublic the song "Punk Guy ('Cause He Does Punk Things)" makes reference to the "Punk Guy" who's "...got a face like Charles Bronson."
- In the Tony Scott film True Romance which was written by Quentin Tarantino, Gary Oldman says about Christian Slater bursting in: "Marty, you know who we have here? Motherfucking Charlie Bronson!" Tarantino openly acknowledges being a Bronson fan.
- Roger disguises himself as Charles Bronson in the American Dad! episodes The One That Got Away. He also makes a reference to the film Death Wish.
Complete filmography
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Films Made for Television
- This Rugged Land (1962)
- Guns of Diablo (1964)
- Luke and The Tenderfoot (1965)
- The Meanest Men in the West (1967)
- The Bull of the West (1971)
- Raid On Entebbe (1976)
- Act of Vengeance (1985)
- Yes Virginia, There Is a Santa Claus (1991)
- Donato and Daughter (1993)
- The Sea Wolf (1993)
- A Family of Cops (1995)
- Breach of Faith: A Family of Cops 2 (1997)
- Family of Cops 3 (1999)
See also
- List of Tatars
References
- ↑ "Šiaurės Atėnai. PETRAS DUMBLIAUSKAS. Charlesas Bronsonas išeina".
- ↑ "Charles Bronson dies at 81". cnn.com (September 1, 2003).
- ↑ You must specify title = and url = when using {{cite web}}."". physicalstrategies.com (November 1, 2008).
- ↑ Richard Severo (September 1, 2003). "Charles Bronson, 81, Dies; Muscular Movie Tough Guy". New York Times. Retrieved on 2007-12-14.
- ↑ The dress story has been repeated in Celebrity Setbacks: 800 Stars who Overcame the Odds by Ed Lucaire (ISBN 0-671-85031-8) and in an edition of Ripley's Believe It or Not!.
- ↑ "Corrections". nytimes.com (September 18, 2003).
- ↑ An episode of the General Electric Theater anthology series.
- ↑ "Doug Proffitt Bio".
- ↑ "About Charles Bronson". United Kingdom: FreeBronson.co.uk. Retrieved on 2008-12-02. "Born Michael Peterson, his name was changed by his fight promoter in 1987. It had nothing to do with the actor Charles Bronson's film Death Wish as is usually reported in the newspapers."
External links
- Charles Bronson at the Internet Movie Database
- Charles Bronson at Allmovie
- The Charles Bronson Homepage Good fansite with comprehensive photo gallery
- Japanese fansite
- The Best Battles of Charles Bronson Photo gallery at AMCtv.com
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