Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall

Camilla
Duchess of Cornwall; Duchess of Rothesay (more)
The Duchess at the White House, 2005
Spouse	Andrew Parker Bowles (m. 1973, div. 1995) Prince Charles, Prince of Wales (m. 2005)
Issue	Tom Parker Bowles Laura Lopes
Full name	Camilla Rosemary[1]
Detail Titles and styles
HRH The Duchess of Cornwall/Rothesay Mrs Camilla Parker Bowles Mrs Andrew Parker Bowles Miss Camilla Shand
Royal house	House of Windsor
Father	Bruce Shand
Mother	The Honourable Rosalind Shand
Born	17 July 1947 (1947-07-17) (age 62)

Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall (née Shand, on 17 July 1947) is the second wife of Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, the heir apparent to the thrones of 16 independent states. Since her marriage to the Prince of Wales, Camilla has been legally entitled to the style and title of Princess of Wales,^[2] though she uses one of her other titles – Duchess of Cornwall – in all parts of the United Kingdom save for Scotland, where she is titled as Duchess of Rothesay.^[3] This unconventional use of titles was adopted to avoid conflict with the princely title closely identified with the Prince of Wales' first wife, Diana, Princess of Wales.

Though a long time paramour of Prince Charles, Camilla was herself previously married, and had two children during the union. She emerged into the public eye when it was revealed during the idiomatically dubbed War of the Waleses that she was the Prince of Wales' lover. Following his divorce from the highly popular Diana, Clarence House (Charles' household) worked on Camilla's public relations, and she gradually became a part of royal life. Today, she supports the Prince of Wales in his official duties, and carries out some engagements of her own.

Early life and first marriage

Born in the village of Plumpton, England, on 17 July 1947, Camilla was raised in a home opposite the Plumpton Racecourse with her parents, Major Bruce Shand (a British Army officer turned wine merchant) and The Honourable Rosalind Cubitt (eldest child of Roland Calvert Cubitt, Baron Ashcombe), as well as her brother, Mark, and sister, Annabel. Camilla attended Dumbrells School in Sussex, as well as Queen's Gate School in Kensington, and later the Mon Fertile finishing school in Switzerland. Following her education, she worked for a year at the offices of designers Sibyl Colefax & John Fowler.

Camilla became an avid equestrian, and participated in fox hunting, and, in 1973, married Andrew Parker Bowles, with whom she had two children: Tom, born in the year after Camilla's marriage and a godson of Prince Charles, and Laura, born in 1978, both of whom were raised in their father's Roman Catholic faith. Camilla and Parker Bowles divorced on 3 March 1995.

Personal life

The relationship between Camilla and the Prince Charles, Prince of Wales began when they met at a polo match in 1970.^[4] Though she became one of the numerous girlfriends of Charles, and he was said to have wanted to marry her, Camilla was seen by royal courtiers as an unsuitable match for the future king. Robert Lacey wrote in his 2002 book, Royal: Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, that Charles had met Camilla too early, and that he had not asked her to wait for him when he went overseas for military duties in 1972.

Early relationship with the Prince of Wales

British Royal Family
HM The Queen HRH The Duke of Edinburgh HRH The Prince of Wales HRH The Duchess of Cornwall HRH Prince William of Wales HRH Prince Henry of Wales HRH The Duke of York HRH Princess Beatrice of York HRH Princess Eugenie of York HRH The Earl of Wessex HRH The Countess of Wessex Viscount Severn Lady Louise Windsor HRH The Princess Royal HRH The Duke of Gloucester HRH The Duchess of Gloucester HRH The Duke of Kent HRH The Duchess of Kent HRH Prince Michael of Kent HRH Princess Michael of Kent HRH Princess Alexandra

In the 1970s, Camilla's sister, Annabel, worked as an artist in New York City.^[5] At the same time, Charles was acting as Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Regiment of Wales, and would annually visit the regiment in New York, where he met Annabel. Camilla was also known to have visited her sister in New York during this period. It was thus said that it was then that the couple resumed their relationship, and that it continued throughout the Prince's engagement, including an intimate meeting between the two on the night before Charles' marriage to Diana.^[6] However, though the timing of these tangled relationships has been much discussed and dissected, reliable published reports indicate that they renewed their romantic relationship in the early 1980s.

The affair became public knowledge a decade later, with the publication of Diana: Her True Story, followed by the Camillagate scandal, wherein an intimate telephone conversation between Camilla and Charles was secretly recorded and the transcripts published in the tabloids.^[7] With the extra-marital relationship in the open, Diana gave a candid interview on the BBC programme Panorama, in which she blamed the relationship between Camilla, whom she privately referred to as "the Rottweiler",^[8][9] and the Prince of Wales as the reason for the break up of her own marriage, saying: "Well, there were three of us in this marriage, so it was a bit crowded."^[10] Though Camilla kept a low profile at this time, she became unpopular by these revelations,^[11] which her friends denied, suggesting that everything was a tabloid media invention that had become an urban myth.^[12] However, it was confirmed by Charles in a televised interview with Jonathan Dimbleby that the relationship between him and Camilla resumed after their respective marriages.^[13] Following this, the Parker Bowleses announced their own divorce in 1995; they had been living apart for some time, and a year later Andrew Parker Bowles married Rosemary Pitman.

Charles attempted to make his relationship with Camilla more public and accepted, having her become his unofficial, occasional companion at events. This coming out temporarily ceased at the time of the Princess of Wales' death, but Camilla and Charles were photographed in public together in 1999, following a birthday party for Parker-Bowles's sister, Annabel Elliott; this was regarded as a sign that the relationship was now official, a feeling that was further enhanced when Camilla met the Queen in June 2000. Though she maintained her residence in Wiltshire, Camilla then moved into Charles' household in 2003, resulting in decorative changes to both homes, though Buckingham Palace was explicit in pointing out that public funds had not been used for the renovations. In 2005, the media reported that Charles had also bought Camilla jewellery and a designer wardrobe. Marriage between the couple remained elusive, however: As the future Supreme Governor of the Church of England, the prospect of Charles marrying a divorceé, and one with whom he had conducted a relationship, was seen as controversial. Opinion – of both the public and the church – shifted, though, to a point where civil marriage was seen as an agreeable solution.

Second engagement and marriage

Main article: Wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales and Camilla Parker Bowles

On 10 February 2005, it was announced by Clarence House that Camilla and the Prince of Wales were engaged; Camilla had been presented with an engagement ring that had belonged to the late Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother. The marriage was to have been on 8 April of that year, and was to take place in a civil ceremony at Windsor Castle, with a subsequent religious blessing at St George's Chapel. But, because the conduct of a civil marriage at Windsor Castle would oblige the venue to thereafter be available to anyone wishing to be married there, the location was changed to the Windsor Guildhall. On 4 April it was announced that the marriage would be delayed by one day to allow for the Prince of Wales and some of the invited dignitaries to attend the funeral of Pope John Paul II.^[14] As Charles' parents did not attend the marriage ceremony (the Queen's reluctance to attend arising from her position as Supreme Governor of the Church of England^[15]), neither did Camilla's; her children, instead, acted as witnesses of the union. The Queen and Duke of Edinburgh did, however, attend the service of blessing, and held a reception for the newlyweds at Windsor Castle afterwards.^[16] Following the wedding, the couple travelled to the Prince's country home in Scotland, Birkhall, and carried out their first public duties as a couple during their honeymoon.

Life as Duchess of Cornwall

Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, and the Duchess of Cornwall are greeted by Tobago Chief Secretary, Orville London.

After becoming Princess of Wales, the Duchess was placed as the second highest ranking female royal in the United Kingdom Order of Precedence (after the Queen), and as typically fifth or sixth in other realms' precedence orders, following the Queen, the relevant Viceroy, the Duke of Edinburgh, and the Prince of Wales. It was revealed, though, that the royal order of precedence for private occasions had Camilla placed fourth, after the Queen, the Princess Royal, and Princess Alexandra. Her degree of acceptance within the Royal Family was shown in the decision to allow Camilla to borrow and wear one of the tiaras of the late Queen Mother,^[17] and she also was appointed to the Royal Family Order of Queen Elizabeth II, two years after her second marriage.

Though no details were publicly released, it was confirmed in March 2007 that Camilla had undergone a hysterectomy,^[18] the same year that marked the 10th anniversary of the death of Diana. According to an announcement by Clarence House, it was the Duchess' intent to attend the memorial service for Diana, Princess of Wales on 31 August 2007, along with the Prince of Wales, and Princes William and Harry of Wales. After considerable furore as to the unsuitability of the "other woman" from the marriage of the Wales' attending such a service, the Duchess withdrew from attending, stating that she wished not to "divert attention from the purpose of the occasion which is to focus on the life and service of Diana."^[19] In October, Camilla's son, and his wife, Sara, had a daughter; and, in January of the following year, Camilla's daughter gave birth to her own.

Royal duties

Initially, the Duchess of Cornwall's royal duties involved accompanying the Prince of Wales on his official obligations. However, Camilla was soon performing a few solo appearances, the first being a visit to a hospital in Southampton, and she attended the Trooping the Colour for the first time in June 2005, making her appearance on the balcony of Buckingham Palace afterwards. The same year, she made her inaugural overseas tour to the United States, and, in March of the following year, the Prince and Duchess undertook a trip through Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and India. She also conducted the naming ceremony for HMS Astute on 8 June 2007, and, on 10 December, she did the same for the new Cunard cruise ship, MS Queen Victoria,^[20][21] it being said that the Queen had been surprised by Cunard's invitation.^[22]

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles

• 17 July 1947 – 4 July 1973: Miss Camilla Rosemary Shand
• 4 July 1973 – 3 March 1995: Mrs Andrew Parker Bowles
• 3 March 1995 – 9 April 2005: Mrs Camilla Parker Bowles
• 9 April 2005 –  : Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cornwall
• 9 April 2005 – (for Scotland): Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Rothesay

Camilla's style and title in full: Her Royal Highness The Princess Charles Philip Arthur George, Princess of Wales and Countess of Chester, Duchess of Cornwall, Duchess of Rothesay, Countess of Carrick, Baroness of Renfrew, Lady of the Isles, Princess of Scotland'.^[23]

Because the title of Princess of Wales remains strongly associated with the previous holder of that title, Lady Diana Spencer, Camilla is referred to with the feminine form of her husband's subsidiary title, Duke of Cornwall.^[24] Also, unless a specific Act of Parliament is passed in the United Kingdom to the contrary, Camilla will, upon the acession of her husband, legally be titled as Queen. However, it has been indicated that when the Prince of Wales acceeds to the throne, Camilla will remain styled as Her Royal Highness, with the title of The Princess Consort.^[25] This decision appears to be firm; however, Clarence House often revises such decisions, and it may be that this was a device on the part of Clarence House to divert unwanted comment or attention.

Honours

Appointments

• 30 October 2007: Royal Family Order of Queen Elizabeth II

Decorations

• 2005: Commemorative Medal for the Centennial of Saskatchewan^[26]

Honorary military appointments

Following her marriage to Prince Charles, Camilla was appointed by the Queen to act as honorary head of various formations and units in the British Army, Royal Navy and Royal Air Force. When The Rifles, of which the Duchess is Royal Colonel, lost four soldiers, and others were injured, during the Iraq War, Camilla sent a hand-written letter to each of the wounded and to the families of those who died, along with the gift of scotch as a pain-soother, and an invitation to her house.^[27]

The Duchess of Cornwall holds the following military appointments:

United Kingdom

• Royal Colonel of the 4th Battalion of The Rifles
• 2008: Honorary Air Commodore of RAF Halton
• Honorary Air Commodore of RAF Leeming
• Commodore-in-Chief of the Naval Medical Services
• Lady sponsor of HMS Astute^[28]

Arms

On the Duchess' 58th birthday, Clarence House announced that Camilla had been granted by the Queen a coat of arms for her own personal use. It was reported that the Queen, Charles, and Camilla all took a "keen interest" in the arms' creation, and they were prepared by Peter Gwynn-Jones, Garter Principal King of Arms.^[29]

Arms of Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall Notes The Duchess' coat of arms impale the Prince of Wales' main coat of arms to the dexter, with her father's coat of arms to the sinister, all surmounted by her husband's coronet as heir apparent. Aside from the invention of a boar supporter (reflected in her paternal arms) for the sinister side, Camilla's coat of arms is entirely consistent with the historical heraldic arrangement for a married woman who is not herself a heraldic heiress. Supporters Sinister a lion rampant gardant Or imperially crowned Proper, dexter a boar Argent, gorged with a coronet Or composed of crosses patée and fleurs de lis a chain affixed thereto passing between the forelegs and reflexed over the back also Or

Issue

Ancestry

According to genealogist William Addams Reitwiesner, the Duchess of Cornwall's ancestry is predominantly French, English, Dutch, and Scottish. Through her French lineage, Camilla's maternal line great-great-grandmother was Sophia Mary MacNab of Hamilton, Ontario, who was herself the descendant of 17th century immigrants to Quebec, daughter of Sir Allan MacNab, and wife of William Coutts Keppel, Earl of Albermarle. The Keppel's son, George, was husband to Alice Edmonstone, who was the mistress of King Edward VII, himself the great-great-grandfather of Prince Charles. Thus, Camilla and Charles are ninth cousins once removed.^[30] This same lineage makes Camilla a distant relation of Celine Dion and Madonna,^[31] while her bloodline is also connected to King Charles II, through his illigitimate son, Charles Lennox, Duke of Richmond; Thomas Cubitt, prominent Victorian builder; and, through the Earl of Albermarle, Judith Keppel, the first winner of the top prize on the television game show Who Wants to be a Millionaire?.^[32]

References

Bibliography

• Bradford, Sarah (2006), Diana, Penguin Group, ISBN 9780670916788 
• Dimbleby, Jonathan (1994), The Prince of Wales, a Biography, Hamilton: Little, Brown and Company, ISBN 0316910163 

External links

• Official website of the British monarchy - HRH The Duchess of Cornwall
• Prince of Wales' homepage- The Duchess
• Monarchy Wales - leading campaign organisation
• Illustrated biography of Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall
• BBC Article: Profile: Camilla Parker Bowles
• BBC News Online's special section on the marriage of Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall and Prince Charles
• BBC article: Prince Charles to marry Camilla
• Reaction to US visit Cowzilla Comes To Town
• Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall at the Internet Movie Database

Charles, Prince of Wales Titles Prince of Wales • Prince and Great Steward of Scotland • Duke of Cornwall • Duke of Rothesay • Earl of Carrick • Earl of Chester • Baron of Renfrew • Lord of the Isles • more Family Diana, Princess of Wales (first wife) • Prince William (elder son) • Prince Harry (younger son) • Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall (second wife) Events War of the Waleses • Investiture of the Prince of Wales • Second Wedding Charities The Prince's Charities • The Prince's Trust • The Prince's Drawing School · The Prince's Foundation for the Built Environment • The Prince's Foundation for Integrated Health • The Prince's Regeneration Trust • Business in the Community • Mutton Renaissance Campaign Miscellaneous Duchy Originals • Poundbury