Bertelsmann
| Type | Private |
|---|---|
| Founded | 1835 |
| Headquarters | Gütersloh, Germany |
| Key people | Carl Bertelsmann, Founder Dr. Reinhard Mohn, Owner Hartmut Ostrowski, Chairman and CEO |
| Industry | Media |
| Products | Broadcasting Publishing Music Media editing |
| Revenue | ▲ €18.758 billion (2007) |
| Net income | ▲ €0.405 billion (2007) |
| Website | www.bertelsmann.com |
Bertelsmann AG is a transnational media corporation founded in 1835, based in Gütersloh, Germany. The company operates in 63 countries and employs 102,397 workers (as of December 31, 2007). In 2007 the company reported a €18.758 billion revenue, an operating EBIT of €1.81 billion, and a net income of €0.405 billion.[1]
Contents |
Ownership
Bertelsmann is not publicly listed, and is majority owned (76.9%) by the Bertelsmann Foundation, a non-profit organisation and political think tank set up by the founding family Mohn.[2] The remaining 23.1% is owned by the Mohn Family. Albert Frère, a Belgian industrialist, owned 25% of Bertelsmann until 2006.
Businesses
Bertelsmann currently consists of five corporate divisions and a forthcoming music division:[3]
- RTL Group, Europe's biggest broadcaster
- Gruner + Jahr (a magazine publisher, the biggest in Europe)[4]
- Random House, the world's largest trade book publisher (popular literature)
- Direct Group, the world's largest book and music club group
- Arvato AG, an international media and communications service provider
- Bertelsmann Music Group (BMG) (defunct), which mainly consisted of a 50 percent interest in Sony BMG and a wholly owned music publishing business, BMG Music Publishing. In August 2004, BMG and Sony entered a 50-50 joint venture, reducing the Big Five of music companies to the Big Four. BMG Music Publishing, the world's third largest music publisher, stayed wholly owned by Bertelsmann and became the world's largest independent music publisher but was later sold to Universal Music Publishing Group in 2006. Bertelsmann later completed a sale on October 1, 2008 to Sony Corporation of America of its 50 % stake of Sony BMG. Sony will rename its now wholly-owned music business to Sony Music Entertainment. Both these two divestitures marked the end of the Bertelsmann Music Group division and the selected assets that Bertelsmann decided to retain from these sell-offs will be the basis of a forthcoming BMG branded division, BMG Rights Management, which will focus on building, managing and marketing artist rights.
History
The C. Bertelsmann Verlag was founded as a publishing house and print shop in July 1835 by Carl Bertelsmann. At first Bertelsmann concentrated on Christian songs and books. In 1851, led by Carl Bertelsmann's son Heinrich, the company began publishing novels. During the following years Bertelsmann expanded steadily. By 1939 the publishing house employed 401 people. During World War II, Bertelsmann was the biggest single producer of Nazi propaganda.
At the end of World War II, the publishing house was closed for some time because of illegal paper-trading. During the Nazi period, it published books by Nazi authors such as Will Vesper (who did the commemorative speech at the 1933 book burning) and Hans Grimm. In 1947, the company was re-founded by Reinhard Mohn, fifth generation of the Bertelsmann family.
In the 1950s, Bertelsmann expanded with the bookclub Bertelsmann Leserring (readers ring) and entered the music market with the founding of the LP label Ariola Records in 1958. In 1964 Bertelsmann entered the movie market with the purchase of the Ufa Filmproduktionsgesellschaft. It sold Ufa's cinema chain in the 1970s. In 1969, Bertelsmann bought into the Gruner und Jahr publishing house (newspapers, magazines) and took majority ownership in 1973.
Since the 1980s, Bertelsmann has expanded internationally: in 1979 it bought the American Arista label, in 1980 Bantam Books, in 1986 the label RCA Victor and the publishing house Doubleday. It has distributed Windham Hill Records since 1989. In 1992 it acquired 50% of Windham Hill Records and in 1996 it took full control. During this period the activities in the music market were bundled into the label BMG.
In 1993, Reinhard Mohn as owner of Bertelsmann moved 68.8% of his Bertelsmann AG stock over to the Bertelsmann Foundation. As of 2006, the Mohn family still owns 74.9 of Bertelsman's capital, in addition of the Bertelsmann foundation.
From 1995 to 2000 Bertelsmann had a major Internet service provider (and associated content) joint venture with AOL that operated throughout Europe.
In 1995 the Ufa Film- und Fernseh-GmbH merged with CLT, Luxembourg. The result was known as RTL Group, the biggest private radio and TV broadcaster in Europe.
In 1998 Thomas Middelhoff become CEO of Bertelsmann. He bought the Random House publishing house and concentrated the group's worldwide book publishing operations under this label.
In 1999, Bertelsmann launched bol.com, the internet book retailer.
In February 2001, Groupe Bruxelles Lambert, headed by Albert Frère, purchased 25% of Bertelsmann AG. André Desmarais, President and Chief Executive Officer, Power Corporation of Canada, was named to the board. In July 2002, the CEO Thomas Middelhoff left the company because of disagreements concerning the company's strategy, in particular relating to his plans to float the company's share on the stockmarkets.
In 2002 Bertelsmann admitted that they lied about their involvement with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party, which included making profits from slave labour and publishing propaganda. The revelations came to light during their takeover of US book publisher Random House in 1998; Bertelsmann used a revised account of their Nazi past to smooth the deal.[5]
In 2003, the new CEO Gunter Thielen expanded the music branch BMG with the buying of Zomba Records.
In 2004, BMG set up a joint-venture with Sony Music to create Sony BMG. BMG Music Publishing remained wholly owned by Bertelsmann, but was sold to Universal Music Publishing in 2006.
Also in 2004, the London Borough of Camden, England, brought anti-social behaviour orders (ASBOs) against Sony Music UK and BMG for alleged fly posting. Illegal fly posting by the two companies is thought to save them £8 million a year in advertising costs in Camden and cost the Borough £250,000 to clean up. Falling to comply with an ASBO can result in a jail sentence of up to 5 years.
In July 2006 Bertelsmann AG purchased 25% of own company from Groupe Bruxelles Lambert back.
As of September 1, 2007, Bertelsmann agreed to pay music publishers $130 million to settle a copyright infringement lawsuit brought on by its deal with Napster.[6]
On January 1, 2008, Hartmut Ostrowski became the new Chairman and CEO of Bertelsmann, replacing Gunter Thielen.[7]
On April 23, 2008, the company announced that it planned to publish a one-volume encyclopedia in September using content from the German-language Wikipedia. The volume is sold since September 15th 2008 and includes abbreviated entries for the 50,000 most commonly used search terms of the prior two years.[8]
See also
- Bertelsmann Foundation, a German foundation created by the Bertelsman and Mohn families
- List of assets owned by Bertelsmann
- Media concentration
References
- ↑ Dokumentationsvorlage
- ↑ Bertelsmann names new CEO - Reuters news service, via CNN Money, Friday January 19 2007
- ↑ Bertelsmann - media worldwide
- ↑ (9 February 2007) "Neun Gewinner und ein Verlierer" Kress Reports Kressverlag gmbh, p. 16
- ↑ "Bertelsmann admits Nazi past", BBC (2002-10-08). Retrieved on 2008-02-23.
- ↑ BMG settles Napster infringement case
- ↑ The Book Standard is closed
- ↑ "Wikipedia to go book-based in Germany", Agence France-Presse, April 23, 2008