Automotive industry
The automotive industry designs, develops, manufactures, markets, and sells the world's motor vehicles. In 2007, more than 73 million motor vehicles, including cars and commercial vehicles were produced worldwide.[1]
In 2007, a total of 71.9 million new automobiles were sold worldwide: 22.9 million in Europe, 21.4 million in Asia-Pacific, 19.4 million in USA and Canada, 4.4 million in Latin America, 2.4 million in the Middle East and 1.4 million in Africa. [2] The markets in North America and Japan were stagnant, while those in South America and Asia grew strongly. Of the major markets, Russia, Brazil, India and China saw the most rapid growth.
About 250 million vehicles are in the United States. Around the world, there were about 806 million cars and light trucks on the road in 2007; they burn over 260 billion gallons of gasoline and diesel fuel yearly. The numbers are increasing rapidly, especially in China and India.[3]
In 2008, with rapidly rising oil prices, industries such as the automotive industry, are experiencing a combination of pricing pressures from raw material costs and changes in consumer buying habits. The industry is also facing increasing external competition from the public transport sector, as consumers re-evaluate their private vehicle usage.[4]
Contents |
Crisis in the auto industry
The automotive industry crisis of 2008 occurred mainly as a result of the global financial crisis and the related credit crunch. In the United States, other contributing factors were pricing pressures on raw materials and substantially more expensive automobile fuels which, in particular, caused customers to turn away from large vehicles such as SUVs. In certain countries, particularly the United States, the industry has also suffered from relatively cheap imports available from countries such as Japan ]] and Europe. As of November 2008, the Big Three manufacturers, (General Motors, Ford and Chrysler), indicated that unless additional funding could be obtained over the short to medium term, there would be real dangers of bankruptcy.
History
Britain
The British motor industry has always been export oriented. Today it employs about 850,000 people and produces about 1.5 million cars and 216,000 commercial vehicles per year, 75% of which are exported.[5] The top five UK car producers are Nissan, Toyota, Honda, MINI and Land Rover.[6]
1896-1945
Hindered by the Red Flag Act (legislation designed to severely restrict the use of mechanically propelled vehicles on the public highway) the auto industry developed late in Britain. Following a law change in 1896, the Daimler Motor Company became the first British company created for the production of automobiles, and by 1900 there were more than fifty, and by 1905 more than two-hundred and twenty British companies concentrating on automobile production, with only America and France having a higher annual automobile production.[7] The stress was on high quality hand-made craftsmanship, regardless of high cost.
Ford opened a UK plant as early as 1911 and briefly had 40% of the British market. General Motors entered in 1925 by buying Vauxhall Motors.
By the end of the 1920s, the Morris Motor Company (founded by William Morris) and the Austin Motor Company (founded by Herbert Austin) dominated the domestic market, taking a 60% share between them. Morris modeled his methods after Henry Ford, and sought high volume production of inexpensive cars geared to the urban middle class. In 1931 Ford opened the largest auto plant in Europe at Dagenham, near London. In 1932 Britain became Europe's largest auto producer ahead of France. Rootes by this time had acquired Hillman and Humber and later in the 1930s added Talbot and the Sunbeam Car Company. At the end of the 1930s the leading producers were Morris, Austin, Ford, the Standard Motor Company, Rootes and Vauxhall.
Social impact
The 1920s were the great decade of expansion; private cars in use grew from 315,000 in 1922 to 1,042,000 in 1930, along with 334,000 trucks and 700,000 motorcycles. The gentry who bought cars before 1939 found driving was easy on rural Britain’s smooth road surfaces in its generally mild weather. The rural roads were famously narrow and winding, so cars were small with stiff springs for good handling characteristics on them. High taxes on gasoline and crowded streets encouraged smaller, fuel-efficient cars in the cities, where traffic lights came into use in the 1930s. Most cities replaced their trams with trolley-buses between 1926 and 1939. In London the first double-decker buses appeared in 1923.[8]
1945-2005
During the war all production was concentrated on war materials. After 1945 Britain became the world's largest automobile exporter, providing 52% of the world's exported vehicles in 1950. In 1953 Morris merged with Austin to form the British Motor Corporation (BMC), becoming the UK's largest producer. BMC specialized in small, economy sedans and sports cars, with 4 cylinder engines.
By the late 1950s, West German automobile manufacturers were benefiting from the Economic miracle and rapidly gained market share, followed soon by the French and Italian producers, and the UK lost most of its continental market through neglect and stagnation. At the end of the 1950s, the Rootes group acquired Singer. In 1966 BMC merged with Jaguar Cars and Pressed Steel to form British Motor Holdings, which then merged, in 1968, with the Leyland Motor Corporation, which had by then acquired the Rover Company and the Triumph Motor Company, to form the British Leyland Motor Corporation (BLMC) as Europe's fourth largest automaker.[9] Chrysler UK finished acquiring the Rootes group in 1967, a process it had started in 1964.
By 1970 Japanese firms identified the British market as the first major European market to attack because of the relative weakness of the domestic car industry.[10]
Stiff competition from Japanese and German cars, a reputation for shoddy workmanship and a breakdown in labor relations brought the British companies to near bankruptcy by 1975. The UK government effectively nationalized the bankrupt BLMC in 1975, rationalising the company into British Leyland, which produced 40% of the cars sold in Britain. The government provided £11 billion (in terms of 2008 £, or $16.5 billion in 2008 $) in bailouts. Wildcat strikes consumed more than 32 million worker-hours in 1977. Management cut employment in half, from 200,000 to 105,000 to cut expenses. In 1977 Chrysler sold its European interests to Peugeot, with Chrysler UK being renamed Peugeot Talbot.
After a decline in the UK market's significance for multinational automakers, Japanese manufacturers hoping to get around EEC trade restrictions established manufacturing plants in the UK. Nissan, Toyota and Honda all manufacture passenger cars in UK factories, primarily for car markets in Europe, Africa and the Middle East.
After a series of divestitures, British Leyland was renamed the Rover Group, which was eventually acquired by BMW, then split up into various divisions that were sold separately. MG Rover finally went bankrupt in 2005, ending the era of mass production by UK-owned automobile manufacturers. The remnants were bought by the Chinese government-owned manufacturers, SAIC and NAC, which later merged. Former British Leyland car brands include Jaguar and Land Rover, now owned by Tata Motors, MINI, owned by BMW and MG owned by SAIC/NAC. Only 22,000 workers remain employed at successor firms.[11]
Germany
Daimler-Benz is the industry's oldest firm, building automobiles since the late 1880s; its current structure dates from 1926. In 1998 it bought the American automobile manufacturer Chrysler, then sold out in 2007 at a heavy loss as it never managed it to achieved long term profitability.
In the popular market, Opel and Volkswagen are most famous. Opel was a bicycle company that started making cars in 1898; General Motors bought it out in 1929, but the Nazi government took control and GM wrote off its entire investment. In 1948 GM returned and restored the Opel brand.
Volkswagen is dominant in the popular market; it purchased Audi in 1964. VW's most famous car was the small, beetle-shaped economical "people's car" with a rear-mounted, air-cooled engine. It was designed in the 1930s by Ferdinand Porsche upon orders from Adolf Hitler, who was himself a car enthusiast. However production models appeared only after the war; until then only rich Germans had automobiles. By 1950 Volkswagen was the largest German automobile producer.[12]
Germany is famous for its upscale sedans. They feature well-designed suspension systems that provide both a soft ride and good handling characteristics. Many manufacturers limit their automobiles electronically to driving speeds of 250 km/h (155 mph) for safety reasons.
Daimler-Benz produces the upscale Mercedes-Benz, long a famous name in racing. BMW (founded 1916) and Porsche are major factors in the luxury market.[13] Porsche formed his own company, which today produces expensive, high-quality sports cars.[14]. In 2008 the Porsche company sought control of the much larger Volkswagen company; Porsche cornered the market for Volkswagen stock and made profits of tens of billions of Euros, while apparently gaining control of the bigger company.
Japan
Japan, with its large population squeezed into very high density cities with good public transit, has limited roadways that carry very heavy traffic. Hence most automobiles are small in terms of size and weight. From a humble beginning, Japan is now the biggest auto manufacuring country in the world. Nissan began making trucks in 1914, and sold cars under the Datsun brand until it switched to Nissan in the 1980s. It opened its first U.S. plant in Tennessee in the early 1980s and a U.K. plant in 1986. It is 44% owned by Renault of France. Its luxury models carry the brand Infiniti. Honda, which began with motorcycles, emerged after World War II. Its luxury vehicles are sold under the Acura brand. Toyota began making cars in the 1930s and is now the world's largest producer. Its luxury models carry the Lexus brand. Toyota is famous for its innovative, quality-conscious management style, and its hybrid gas-electric vehicles, especially the Prius, which was launched in 1997. Other major companies include Subaru, Mitsubishi, Mazda, Suzuki, and Isuzu. Japan became the world's leading auto maker in 1980, the first year since 1905 that the United States had been outproduced by any other nation.
World motor vehicle production
- See also: List of countries by motor vehicle production
| Top 20 motor vehicle producing countries 2007 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Motor vehicle production (1000 units) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Country | 1000 | 2000 | 3000 | 4000 | 5000 | 6000 | 7000 | 8000 | 9000 | 10000 | 11000 | 12000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Japan |
11596 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 United States |
10781 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 PR China |
8882 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Germany |
6213 (includes GM Belgium) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 South Korea |
4086 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 France |
3019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Brazil |
2971 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Spain |
2890 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Canada |
2578 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 India |
2307 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Mexico |
2095 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 UK |
1750 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Russia |
1660 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Italy |
1284 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Thailand |
1238 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Turkey |
1099 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Iran |
997 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Czech Rep. |
939 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Belgium |
844 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Poland |
785 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reference: "World Motor Vehicle Production by Country: 2006–2007". OICA. Retrieved on 2008-03-18. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Top motor vehicle manufacturing companies by volume 2007 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total motor vehicle production (1000 units) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Group | 1000 | 2000 | 3000 | 4000 | 5000 | 6000 | 7000 | 8000 | 9000 | 10000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Toyota* | 9497754 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| GM | 9349818 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Volkswagen | 6346222 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ford | 6247506 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Honda | 3911814 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PSA | 3457385 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nissan | 3431398 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fiat | 2679451 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Renault | 2669040 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hyundai | 2617725 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Suzuki | 2596316 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chrysler | 2538624 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Daimler | 2096977 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BMW | 1541503 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mitsubishi | 1411975 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kia | 1369330 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mazda | 1286730 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AvtoVAZ | 735897 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FAW | 690712 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tata Motors | 588158 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fuji | 585028 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chana | 543787 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Isuzu | 532013 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beijing | 454272 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dongfeng | 437035 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chery | 427882 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SAIC | 313002 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Brilliance | 293588 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| GAZ | 248839 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Volvo (trucks) | 236024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Harbin Hafei | 231488 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Geely | 216774 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| JAC | 209880 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mahindra | 168556 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Paccar | 126960 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Great Wall | 122605 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Changhe | 112083 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Porsche | 107170 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BYD | 100376 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| China National | 100202 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MAN | 98441 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Navistar | 86758 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fujian | 84138 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| UAZ | 72162 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shannxi Auto | 68160 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kaima | 65790 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Key | Cars | Light Commercial Vehicles | Heavy Commercial Vehicles | Heavy Buses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total global production: 72178476 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reference: "World motor vehicle production by manufacturer: World ranking of manufacturers 2007". OICA (July 2008). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| *Toyota total includes Daihatsu production figures, which OICA list separately. Daihatsu is a Toyota Motor Corporation subsidiary. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Top vehicle manufacturing groups (by volume)
The table below shows the world's largest motor vehicle manufacturing groups, along with the marques produced by each one. The table is ranked by the latest production figures from OICA 2007[15] for the parent group, and then alphabetically by marque.
| Marque | Country of origin | Ownership | Markets | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Toyota Motor Corporation ( Japan) |
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| Daihatsu * | |
Subsidiary | Global, except North America and Australia | |
| Hino * | |
Subsidiary | Asia Pacific, Canada, South America | |
| Lexus | |
Division | Global, apart from South America with the exception of Chile and Argentina. | |
| Scion | |
Division | United States, Canada | |
| Toyota | |
Division | Global | |
| 2. General Motors Corporation ( United States) |
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| Buick | |
Division | United States, Canada, China | |
| Cadillac | |
Division | Global | |
| Chevrolet | |
Division | Global, with the exception of Australia | |
| Daewoo | |
Subsidiary | Asia, Europe, South America | |
| GMC | |
Division | North America, Middle East | |
| Holden |  |
Subsidiary | Australia, New Zealand, Middle East | |
| Hummer | |
Division | Global | |
| Opel | |
Division | Continental Europe, Ireland, South Africa, Japan | |
| Pontiac | |
Subsidiary | United States and Canada | |
| Saab |  |
Subsidiary | Global | |
| Saturn | |
Subsidiary | United States, Canada, Japan, Republic of China | |
| Vauxhall | |
Subsidiary | United Kingdom | |
| 3. Volkswagen Group (Volkswagen AG) ( Germany) |
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| Audi | |
Subsidiary | Global | |
| Bentley | |
Subsidiary | Global | |
| Bugatti | |
Subsidiary | Global | |
| Lamborghini | |
Subsidiary | Global | |
| Scania | |
Subsidiary | Global | |
| SEAT | |
Subsidiary | Europe, Latin America | |
| Škoda | |
Subsidiary | Global, except North America | |
| Volkswagen | |
Subsidiary | Global | |
| 4. Ford Motor Company ( United States) |
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| Ford | |
Division | Global ** | |
| Lincoln | |
Division | United States, Canada, Middle East | |
| Mercury | |
Division | United States, Canada, Middle East | |
| Troller | |
Subsidiary | South America | |
| Volvo | |
Subsidiary | Global | |
| 5. Honda Motor Company ( Japan) |
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| Acura | |
Division | United States, Canada, China | |
| Honda | |
Division | Global | |
| 6. PSA Peugeot Citroën ( France) |
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| Citroën | |
Subsidiary | Global, except North America | |
| Peugeot | |
Subsidiary | Global, except United States and Canada | |
| 7. Nissan Motors ( Japan) |
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| Infiniti | |
Division | United States, Canada, Middle East, Taiwan, Korea, Russia, Europe | |
| Nissan | |
Division | Global | |
| 8. Fiat S.p.A. ( Italy) |
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| Abarth | |
Subsidiary | Global, except United States and Canada | |
| Alfa Romeo | |
Subsidiary | Global, Canada (the 8C is sold in the USA) | |
| Ferrari | |
Subsidiary | Global | |
| Fiat | |
Division | Global, except United States and Canada | |
| Iveco | |
Subsidiary | Global, except North America | |
| Lancia | |
Subsidiary | Global, except North America | |
| Maserati | |
Subsidiary | Global | |
| 9. Renault S.A. ( France) |
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| Dacia |  |
Subsidiary | Europe, Latin America, Asia, Africa | |
| Renault (cars) | |
Division | Global, except United States and Canada | |
| Renault Samsung | |
Subsidiary | Asia, South America | |
| 10. Hyundai Motor Company ( South Korea) |
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| Hyundai | |
Division | Global | |
| 11. Suzuki Motor Corporation ( Japan) |
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| Maruti Suzuki | |
Subsidiary | India, Middle East, South America | |
| Suzuki | |
Division | Global | |
| 12. Chrysler LLC ( United States) |
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| Chrysler | |
Division | Global | |
| Dodge | |
Division | Global | |
| Jeep | |
Division | Global | |
| 13. Daimler AG ( Germany) |
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| Freightliner | |
Subsidiary | North America, South Africa | |
| Maybach | |
Division | Global | |
| Mercedes-Benz | |
Division | Global | |
| Mitsubishi Fuso | |
Subsidiary | Global | |
| Smart | |
Division | North America, Western Europe, Southeast Asia, South Africa | |
| 14. BMW AG ( Germany) |
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| BMW | |
Division | Global | |
| MINI | |
Division | Global | |
| Rolls-Royce | |
Subsidiary | Global | |
| 15. Mitsubishi Motors Corporation ( Japan) |
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| Mitsubishi | |
Division | Global | |
| 16. Kia Motors ( South Korea) |
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| Kia | |
Subsidiary | Global | |
| 17. Mazda Motor Corporation ( Japan) |
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| Mazda | |
Division[16] | Global | |
| 18. AvtoVAZ ( Russia) |
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| Lada | |
Division | Russia, Finland, Sweden, Europe | |
| VAZ | |
Division | Russia, Eastern Europe | |
| 19. First Automobile Works ( People's Republic of China) |
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| Besturn | |
Division | China | |
| Hongqi | |
Division | China | |
| Huali | |
Subsidiary | China | |
| Xiali | |
Subsidiary | China | |
| 20. Tata Motors Limited ( India) |
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| Hispano | |
Subsidiary | Europe | |
| Jaguar | |
Subsidiary | Global | |
| Land Rover | |
Subsidiary | Global | |
| Tata | |
Division | India, South Africa | |
| Tata Daewoo | |
Subsidiary | South Korea | |
| 21. Fuji Heavy Industries ( Japan) |
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| Subaru | |
Division | Global | |
| 22. Chang'an Motors ( People's Republic of China) |
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| Chana | |
Division | China, South Africa | |
| 23. Isuzu Motors ( Japan) |
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| Isuzu | |
Division | Global exept North America | |
| 24. Beijing Automotive Industry Holding Corporation ( People's Republic of China) |
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| BAW | |
Subsidiary | China | |
| 25. Dongfeng Motor Corporation ( People's Republic of China) |
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| Dongfeng | |
Division | China | |
| 26. Chery Automobile ( People's Republic of China) |
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| Chery | |
Division | China, South Africa, Southeast Asia except Thailand | |
| 27. Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation ( People's Republic of China) |
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| MG | |
Subsidiary | UK | |
| Roewe | |
Division | China | |
| SsangYong | |
Subsidiary | South Korea, South Africa, Europe, Australia | |
| 28. Brilliance China Automotive Holdings ( People's Republic of China) |
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| Brilliance | |
Division | China | |
| Jinbei | |
Subsidiary | China | |
| 29. GAZ ( Russia) |
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| GAZ | |
Division | Russia | |
| LDV | |
Subsidiary | Europe | |
| LiAZ | |
Subsidiary | Russia | |
| 30. Volvo Group ( Sweden) |
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| Mack | |
Subsidiary | Global | |
| Renault (trucks) | |
Subsidiary | Global | |
| Nissan Diesel | |
Subsidiary | Global | |
| Volvo (trucks) | |
Division | Global | |
| 31. Harbin Hafei Automobile Industry Group ( People's Republic of China) |
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| Hafei | |
Division | China | |
| 32. Geely Automobile ( People's Republic of China) |
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| Geely | |
Division | China | |
| Maple | |
Subsidiary | China | |
| 33. Anhui Jianghuai Automobile ( People's Republic of China) |
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| JAC | |
Division | China | |
| 34. Mahindra & Mahindra Limited ( India) |
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| Mahindra | |
Division | India | |
| 35. Paccar Inc ( United States) |
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| DAF |  |
Subsidiary | Global except United States and Canada | |
| Kenworth | |
Division | North America | |
| Leyland | |
Subsidiary | Europe | |
| Peterbilt | |
Division | North America | |
| 36. Great Wall Motor ( People's Republic of China) |
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| Great Wall | |
Division | China | |
| 37. Jiangxi Changhe ( People's Republic of China) |
||||
| Changhe | |
Division | China | |
| 38. Porsche ( Germany) |
||||
| Porsche | |
Division | Global | |
| 39. BYD Auto ( People's Republic of China) |
||||
| BYD | |
Division | China | |
| 40. China National Heavy Duty Truck Group ( People's Republic of China) |
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| CNHTC | |
Division | China | |
| 41. MAN AG ( Germany) |
||||
| MAN | |
Division | Europe | |
| 42. Navistar International Corporation ( United States) |
||||
| International | |
Division | Global | |
| IC | |
Division | Global | |
| 43. Fujian Motor Industry Group ( People's Republic of China) |
||||
| Fujian | |
Division | China | |
| 44. UAZ ( Russia) |
||||
| UAZ | |
Division | Russia | |
- Notes
* The OICA statistics rank the Toyota subsidiary companies Daihatsu and Hino separately; in this table they are included with Toyota.
** "Global" may be misleading; Ford has traditionally maintained largely distinct ranges under the Ford marque in the United States, United Kingdom, and mainland Europe, but these distinctions are fading and have gone altogether within Europe (including the UK).
Company relationships
It is not uncommon for automobile manufacturers to hold stakes in other automobile manufacturers. These ownerships can be explored under the detail for the individual companies.
Notable current relationships include:
- The Renault-Nissan alliance involves two global companies linked by cross-shareholding, with Renault holding 44.3% of Nissan shares, and Nissan holding 15% of (non-voting) Renault shares.
- Porsche holds a very large stake in the Volkswagen Group (see the individual articles for up-to-date proportions)
- The Volkswagen Group holds a 37.73% stake in Scania (68.6% voting rights).
- Ford holds a 33.4% stake in Mazda.[17] and an 8.3% share in Aston Martin. Ford is currently in the process of selling off 20% of its ownership in Mazda, 6.9% of which will be sold back to Mazda. [1]
- Hyundai Motor Co. holds a 38.67% stake in Kia Motors.[18]
- Daimler AG holds a 19.9% stake in Chrysler Holding LLC.[19]
- General Motors still holds a 3% stake in Suzuki. GM is currently in the process of selling the 3% stake back to Suzuki for $230 million [2]. Suzuki is also partner with GM in GMDAT and CAMI.[20]
- Renault holds 20.5% of the voting stakes in Volvo Group.
- Toyota holds a 51% stake in Daihatsu hence having a controlling interest in the company, and 16.5% in Fuji Heavy Industries, parent company of Subaru.[21]
See also
- Big Three automobile manufacturers
- Category:Automotive industry by country
- Automotive market
- Automotive industry crisis of 2008
References
- ↑ "World Motor Vehicle Production by Country: 2005 - 2007". OICA.
- ↑ "2008 Global Market Data Book", Automotive News, p. 5
- ↑ Plunkett Research, "Automobile Industry Introduction" (2008)
- ↑ IBISWorld Newsletter, June 2008, GLOBAL TRENDS Oil – The Crude Reality of Current trends, IBISWorld
- ↑ "Record breaking figures for 2007 UK vehicle production". SMMT (2008-01-25). Retrieved on 2008-11-19.
- ↑ "Motor Industry Facts 2008". SMMT.
- ↑ Jonathan Wood, ed. (1996). The Motor Industry of Britain Centenary Book. Eclat Initiatives.
- ↑ Charles Loch Mowat, Britain between the Wars, 1918-1940 (1955) pp 231-35.
- ↑ Timothy R. Whisler, The British Motor Industry, 1945-1994: A Case Study in Industrial Decline (1999)
- ↑ Peter Johnson, ed. The Structure of British Industry (1988) ch. 8
- ↑ Nelson D. Schwartz, "A British Lesson on Auto Bailouts," New York Times, Nov. 17. 2008
- ↑ Terry Shuler, Volkswagen: Then, Now and Forever (1997)
- ↑ David Kiley, Driven: Inside BMW, the Most Admired Car Company in the World (2004); Ferry Porsche, We at Porsche: The Autobiography of Dr. Ing. h.c. Ferry Porsche (1977)
- ↑ Giancarlo Reggiani, Porsche: The Legend: 1948 to Today (2007)
- ↑ "World Motor Vehicle Production: World Ranking of Manufacturers 2007". OICA. Retrieved on 2008-07-29.
- ↑ "Mazda Motor Corporation". Hoovers.
- ↑ "Ford parks 33.9% ownership of Mazda in holding company" (PDF). Mazda. Retrieved on 2007-06-02.
- ↑ "Shareholder". Kia Motors. Retrieved on 2007-07-31.
- ↑ "Cerberus Takes Over Majority Interest in Chrysler Group and Related Financial Services Business for EUR 5.5 Billion ($7.4 billion) from DaimlerChrysler". DaimlerChrysler. Retrieved on 2007-07-31.
- ↑ "General Motors history". General Motors. Retrieved on 2007-10-06.
- ↑ Yumiko, Nishitani (2008-04-11). "Japan's Fuji Heavy shares rally on expanded alliance with Toyota group", Thomson Financial News. Retrieved on 2008-04-12.
External links
- Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers at Wikipedia
- Automotive engineering learning website
- Plunkett Research, "Automobile Industry Introduction" (2008)
- Automotive Industry Analysis
- All vehicle manufacturers in the world (in Dutch with English etc. translation)
- Car makes of the world, 1894—present
- Automotive history and photos
- Automaker Rankings 2007: The Environmental Performance of Car Companies