Abdullah Gül
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Abdullah Gül
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 Abdullah Gül (2005) |
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President of Turkey
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| Incumbent | |
| Assumed office 28 August 2007 |
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| Prime Minister | Recep Tayyip Erdoğan |
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| Preceded by | Ahmet Necdet Sezer |
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Prime Minister of Turkey
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| In office 18 November 2002 – 14 March 2003 |
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| President | Ahmet Necdet Sezer |
| Preceded by | Bülent Ecevit |
| Succeeded by | Recep Tayyip Erdoğan |
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Minister of Foreign Affairs
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| In office 14 March 2003 – 28 August 2007 |
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| Prime Minister | Recep Tayyip Erdoğan |
| Preceded by | Yaşar Yakış |
| Succeeded by | Ali Babacan |
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| Born | 29 October 1950 Kayseri, Turkey |
| Political party | AKP |
| Spouse | Hayrünnisa Gül |
| Alma mater | Istanbul University |
| Religion | Muslim - Sunni |
Abdullah Gül GCB[1], (born October 29, 1950) is the 11th President of the Republic of Turkey, serving in that office since 28 August 2007. He previously served for five months as Prime Minister (2002-2003), and as Foreign Minister from 2003 to 2007.
Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's selection of Gül as a presidential candidate drew strong and highly vocal opposition from ardent supporters of secularism in Turkey. In May 2007, Gül's first bid for presidency was blocked by the Constitutional Court in a climate of secularist concern regarding views Gül had expressed during his Welfare Party years, and the fact that his wife, Hayrünnisa Gül, wears a headscarf, seen by some as a symbol of political Islam.[2] However, following the parliamentary elections in July the same year, which were won by the AKP with 46.6% of the popular vote, he was eventually elected President on August 28, 2007 and was sworn in the same day. In September 2008 he became the first Turkish leader to visit neighbouring Armenia, sparking a major debate in Turkey.[3]
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Early life
President Gül was born in Kayseri. He was brought up in a conservative family environment by his father Ahmet Hamdi, a mechanic, and his mother Adviye. His family has lived in Güllük Camii in Kayseri for about one hundred years.[4] His great-grandfather was an Arab who immigrated from Siirt to Develi around 1915.[5] Gül was also called with the name Cumhur by his family.[6]
Education
Gül studied economics at the Istanbul University and wrote his dissertation there. During his graduate education, he studied for two years in London and Exeter. He pursued an academic career after that and worked at the higher education facilities in Adapazarı, collaborating in the establishment of a department for industrial engineering and teaching management courses of ITU Sakarya Engineering Faculty, which was turned into Sakarya University in 1992. He received a Ph.D. degree from the Istanbul University in 1983. Between 1983 and 1991, he worked at the Islamic Development Bank (IDB). In 1991, Gül became a lecturer in international management.
First steps in politics
Gül became acquainted with right-wing politics early during his high school years. During his university education, he became a member of Islamist-nationalist Millî Türk Talebe Birliği (National Turkish Students' Union) in the line of Necip Fazıl's Büyük Doğu (Grand Orient) current.[7]
He was elected a member of the Turkish parliament for Refah Partisi (RP, "the Welfare Party") from Kayseri Province in 1991 and 1995. During these years, he made statements about the political system of Turkey that was designed by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and the Turkish National Movement. These statements caused controversy when his candidacy for the 2007 presidential election was announced by Prime Minister Tayyip Erdoğan.[8]
In 1999, he kept his seat as a member of Fazilet Partisi (FP, "the Virtue Party") which was subsequently outlawed by the Constitutional Court for its violation of the Constitution, successor to Refah Partisi which was also outlawed by the Constitutional Court for its violation of the Constitution, especially the principle of secularism. He was among the founders of Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (Justice and Development Party). He was elected once again to represent Kayseri in 2002.
AKP career
Prime Minister
After the Justice and Development Party (AKP) won the most votes in the November 2002 general election, Gül was appointed Prime Minister, as AK Party leader Recep Tayyip Erdoğan was unable to assume the role due to a ban on his participation in politics. After Gül's government secured legislation allowing Erdoğan's return to politics, the latter took over as Prime Minister on 14 March 2003. Gül was appointed deputy prime minister and foreign minister.
Foreign Minister
After becoming foreign minister in March 2003, Gül became the key player in Turkey's attempts to receive an accession date for the European Union and in its attempts to improve relations with Syria and maintaining its relationship with the Turkic-speaking countries of Central Asia and the Caucasus. On February 6, 2007, Gül flew to the United States to meet with U.S. President George W. Bush and U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice.
Presidential candidacy
Prime Minister Erdoğan announced on April 24, 2007 that Gül would be the Justice and Development Party candidate in the 2007 presidential election. Previously, there had been speculation that Erdoğan himself would be the party's candidate, which had provoked substantial opposition from secularists.[9][10] When a boycott of opposition parties in Parliament deadlocked the election process, Gül formally withdrew his candidacy on May 6, 2007.
But a few days later, on May 11 when he inquired after the alterations to the Turkish constitution which now allowed the people to elect the president directly rather than a parliamentary vote, Gül announced that he was still intending to run.[11][12]
Following the July 2007 parliamentary election, the AKP renominated Gül as its presidential candidate on August 13; the election was again held as a vote of parliament.[13] On August 14, Gül submitted his candidacy application to parliament and expressed his commitment to secularism at a news conference.[14]
On August 28, 2007, he was elected president in the third round of voting; in the first two rounds, a two-thirds majority of MPs had been required, but in the third round he needed only a simple majority. Gül was sworn in immediately thereafter.[15] The process was a very low-key affair.[16] Gül's swearing-in was not attended by the Chief of the Turkish General Staff and was boycotted by the opposition Republican People's Party; then the hand-over of power at the presidential palace was held behind closed doors. Gül's wife Hayrünnisa, whose wearing of a red headscarf is a factor in the opposition to Gül's presidency, was not present. This approach continued; the traditional evening reception hosted by the new president at the presidential palace for the countries highest authorities was announced for 11:30 in the morning and wives were not invited.[17]
Gül received messages of congratulation from the US, EU and German authorities while Turkish prime minister Tayyip Erdoğan made a statement saying "a structure doomed to uncertainty has been overcome" (an oblique reference to the deep state theory that Turkey is ruled behind-closed-doors by a secret conspiracy of soldiers and bureaucrats).[18]
Personal life
On August 20 1980, Abdullah Gül married Hayrünnisa Özyurt, whose family originates also from Kayseri (born 1965), when she was 15 years old. [19] The couple has three children, two sons named Mehmet Emre and Ahmet Münir and a daughter named Kübra.
He is a dedicated fan of the football club Beşiktaş J.K..[20]
Decorations
- United Kingdom - Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Civil Division of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath (14 May 2008) [1]
- Saudi Arabia - Order of King Abdulaziz (2007)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Karşılama "daha ağırbaşlı" bulundu, CNN Türk, 18 May, 2008 (Turkish)
- ↑ "Gül'ün adaylığını doğru bulmuyoruz" (in Turkish), CNN Türk. Retrieved on 2007-08-29.
- ↑ Turkish leader flies to Armenia
- ↑ Kurt, Süleyman. "'Cumhur' İkinci Kez Köşk Yolunda" (in Turkish), Zaman. Retrieved on 2007-08-29.
- ↑ Abdullah Gül Biography, April 26 2007, Hürriyet (Turkish)
- ↑ Doğum Günü 29 Ekim, Radikal, April 25 2007 (Turkish)
- ↑ "Abdullah Gul's Unknown Sides/Exclusive" (in Turkish), World Bulletin. Retrieved on 2007-08-31.
- ↑ "Abdullah Gül: The Man Who Would be Turkey's President" (in Turkish), Deutsche Welle. Retrieved on 2007-08-28.
- ↑ "Turkey's ruling party announces FM Gül as presidential candidate", Xinhua (People's Daily Online), April 24, 2007.
- ↑ "Turkey 'must have secular leader'", BBC News, April 24, 2007.
- ↑ "Gül: Adaylığımız devam ediyor" (in Turkish), Hurriyet. Retrieved on 2007-05-11.
- ↑ "Gül adaylıktan çekildi" (in Turkish), Hurriyet. Retrieved on 2007-05-11.
- ↑ "Turkey's ruling party renominates Gül as presidential candidate", Xinhua (People's Daily Online), August 13, 2007.
- ↑ Turkey's Gul vows secular agenda, BBC News, August 14, 2007.
- ↑ "Turkish foreign minister wins presidency, in victory for Islamic-rooted government", Associated Press (International Herald Tribune), August 28, 2007.
- ↑ "Generals Protest Against Gül's Presidency", Turkish Daily News. Retrieved on 2007-08-30.
- ↑ Koylu, Hilal (2007-09-01). "Köşk'e ilk davet eşsiz" (in Turkish), Radikal. Retrieved on 2008-09-10.
- ↑ "Türkiye'nin 11. Cumhurbaşkanı Abdullah Gül" (in Turkish), Radikal. Retrieved on 2007-08-31.
- ↑ Dündar, Can. "Bir Evlilik Yıldönümü" (in Turkish), Haber Biz. Retrieved on 2007-08-29.
- ↑ (Turkish) "Köşk'e üçüncü beşiktaşlı", Haber3, April 24, 2007.
See also
- Çankaya Köşkü The Presidency of the Republic of Turkey
External links
- Official Website of Turkish Presidency
- Official Website of Abdullah Gul
- News about Abdullah Gül at the New York Times
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Bülent Ecevit |
Prime Minister of Turkey 2002 – 2003 |
Succeeded by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan |
| Preceded by Mahmet Ali Şahin Ertuğrul Yalçınbayır Abdüllatif Şener |
Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey 2003 – 2007 |
Succeeded by Cemil Çiçek Hayati Yazıcı Nazım Ekren |
| Preceded by Yaşar Yakış |
Minister of Foreign Affairs of Turkey 2003 – 2007 |
Succeeded by Ali Babacan |
| Preceded by Ahmet Necdet Sezer |
President of Turkey 2007 – present |
Incumbent |
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| Persondata | |
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| NAME | Gül, Abdullah |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | 11th President of the Republic of Turkey |
| DATE OF BIRTH | October 29, 1950 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Kayseri, Turkey |
| DATE OF DEATH | |
| PLACE OF DEATH | |