Zungeru
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Zungeru is a town in Niger State, Nigeria. It was the capital of the British colony of Northern Nigeria from 1902 until 1916. It is the site of the Niger State Polytechnic and is located on the Kaduna River.
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[edit] Geography and climate
Zungeru is surrounded by mountains, giving it a lower elevation than the surrounding topography Mountains are located nearby. In addition to the Kaduna, the smaller Nanamaye and Tosheta Rivers flow near the town.[1]
The area surrounding the Zungeru is a mixed wooded savanna; species of plants growing in the area include Afzelia africana, Isoberlinia species, and Burkea africana. The town and surrounding country is one of the hottest and most humid parts of Nigeria.[1]
[edit] History
[edit] Colonial history
According to local oral history, "Zungeru" is a corrupted form of the word "Dunguru". Tradition holds that British colonialists came upon a Gwari man playing a Dunguru (a musical instrument used by the Nupe and Gwari) in the area of what is now Zungeru. They asked him what it was he called, he told them "Dunguru", and the corrupted form "Zungeru" became the name of the settlement.[2]
British forces occupied Zungeru in September 1902, which was then populated by Gwari. Colonial administrator Frederick Lugard chose the town as capital of Northern Nigeria over Jebba and Lokoja[3] due to its central location.[4] The British cleared the forest in the area and established a market, military barracks, and hospital, among other things.[5]
In 1916, two years after the 1914 union of the colonies of Northern and Southern Nigeria into one colonial entity, Lugard moved the north's capital to Kaduna. The same year, the Chief of Wushishi was given the position of ruler of Zungeru, and he passed on the position to his son, Abubakar. After the capital was moved to Kaduna, Zungeru was administered from Minna as part of Niger province.[6]
[edit] Post-colonial history
Zungeru has declined in importance since the removal of administrative function to Kaduna.[4]
Sites in modern Zungeru include the Nnamdi Azikiwe Centre, a now-abandoned tribute to Nigeria's first President Nnamdi Azikiwe built by Ibrahim Babangida's military regime,[4] the market built by Lugard, which is still in use,[5] and Niger State Polytechnic. A hydroelectric dam has been proposed, but work has yet to get underway as of 2007.[4]
[edit] Demographics
In 1926, the town and districts administered from it - Wushishi, Alewa, Guma (population 3440), Koriga (population 801), Kuskaka (population 2108), Makangard (9166), and Tegina (population (4611) - comprised around 35,100 residents. Wushishi was populated by Nupe, Hausa, and Gwari; Alewa by Gwari, Bauchi, Hausa, and Kamaku; Guma by Bongu, Hausa, Basa, and Bauchi; Koriga by Hausa, Kamaku, and Gwari; Kuskaka by Ura, Ngwoi, Hausa, and Kamaku; Makangard by Makangara; and Tegina by Bauchi, Gwari, Hausa, Kamuku, Ngwoi, and Basa.
As of 2007, the Hausa, Yoruba, and Fulani are the dominant ethnic groups in Zungeru. Christianity and Islam are the main religions.[4]
[edit] Notable people from Zungeru
Notable individuals from Zungeru include:[4]
- Nnamdi Azikiwe, first President of Nigeria
- Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, leader of secessionist state Biafra
- David Mark, President of the Senate
[edit] References
- ^ a b Wesler, Kit W.; A. Yinka Ogedengbe (chapter author) (1998). "Zungeru Colonial Settlement", Historical Archaeology in Nigeria. Africa World Press, 278-279. ISBN 086543610X.
- ^ Ogedengebe, p. 280
- ^ Geary, William M. (1965). Nigeria Under British Rule. Routledge, 211. ISBN 0714616664.
- ^ a b c d e f Osunde, Olu. "Zungeru: The abandoned first capital city of Nigeria", Nigerian Tribune online, African Newspapers of Nigeria, 2007-12-24. Retrieved on 2007-11-03.
- ^ a b Ogedengbe, pp. 280-281
- ^ Ogedengbe, p. 285
[edit] Further reading
- Mohammed, Dantsoho (1991). Zungeru: The Forgotten Capital of Northern Nigeria. Zungeru: Bolukunwa Printing Press. ISBN 9783136100.
