Zino's Petrel

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Zino's Petrel

Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Procellariiformes
Family:	Procellariidae
Genus:	Pterodroma
Species:	P. madeira

Binomial name

Pterodroma madeira
Mathews, 1934

Synonyms

Pterodroma mollis madeira

Zino's Petrel (Pterodroma madeira) is a small seabird in the gadfly petrel genus. It has also been called "Madeira Petrel", but this name invites confusion with Madeira Storm Petrel and is best avoided. Zino's Petrel was previously considered to be a subspecies of Soft-plumaged Petrel P. mollis, but they are actually not closely related at all. However, P. madeira is very closely related to Fea's Petrel, another species recently split from P. mollis. They are estimated to have diverged at the end of the Early Pleistocene, 850.000 years ago (Sangster et al., 2002). Given the uncertainties of molecular dating in Procellariiformes (Rheindt & Austin, 2005), this must be considered very tentative however.

It breeds in the north Atlantic in the mountains of the main island of Madeira. This endangered species nests in colonies in burrows. Fewer than 80 breeding pairs (2005 census) are left, estimate total of 400 birds.

This seabird is strictly nocturnal at the breeding sites to avoid predation by gulls. Like most petrels, its walking ability is limited to a short shuffle to the burrow.

This long-winged petrel has a grey back and wings, with a dark "W" marking across the wings. The undersides of the wings are dark and the belly is white. It has a fast impetuous flight. It picks planktonic food items from the ocean surface.

This species is 32–34 cm in length with an 80–86 cm wingspan and weighs 200-230 grams. It is very similar to the Fea's Petrel, but is smaller and has a thinner black bill.

It is named after the Paul Alexander Zino, who was instrumental in its conservation during the latter half of the twentieth century.

[edit] References

BirdLife International (2005). Pterodroma madeira. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 11 May 2006. Database entry includes justification for why this species is endangered

Rheindt, F. E. & Austin, J., (2005): Major analytical and conceptual shortcomings in a recent taxonomic revision of the Procellariiformes - A reply to Penhallurick and Wink (2004). Emu 105(2): 181-186. PDF fulltext

Sangster, George; Knox, Alan G.; Helbig, Andreas J. & Parkin, David T. (2002): Taxonomic recommendations for European birds. Ibis 144(1): 153–159. doi:10.1046/j.0019-1019.2001.00026.x PDF fulltext