Zig Zag Railway
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The Zig Zag Railway is a heritage railway at Lithgow in New South Wales, Australia on the site of the famous Great or Lithgow Zig Zag which operated between 1870 and 1910. As built, the line formed part of the Main West line from Sydney across the Blue Mountains and served to lower the line from its summit into the Lithgow valley on the western flank of the mountains.
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[edit] Overview
The original plan, by the newly-appointed Engineer-in-Charge, John Whitton, had been to build a 3 km tunnel, but this was beyond the resources of the state of New South Wales at the time. The zig zag alternative still required several short tunnels and some viaducts.
On the eastern side of the range, the first Blue Mountains Zig Zag (known as the Lapstone Zig Zag) opened near Glenbrook in 1867. It ascended Lapstone Hill on a gradient of 1:30 to 1:33 (~ 3 - 3.3%), which contoured up the side of the range with comparatively light earthworks.
By contrast, the Lithgow Zig Zag railway, built between 1866 and 1869, required much heavier engineering, including four large rock cuttings, three fine stone viaducts with 30-foot semi-circular arches (originally four were planned, but one was built as an embankment instead) and a short tunnel (three tunnels were planned, but two were daylighted during construction due to leaks, becoming two of the four cuttings mentioned above). In the descent of the middle road, the line dropped 101 feet between the reversing points, being part of the 550 foot descent from Clarence, then the highest spot on the western line. The whole route had a ruling grade of 1:42 (~2.38%).
On Monday October 19, 1869 the Lithgow Zig Zag opened to traffic, completing the route over the Blue Mountains.
The Lithgow Zig Zag operated between 1870 and 1910. By then it had become an increasingly inefficient bottleneck owing to the growing traffic on the line between Lithgow and Sydney. It was eventually abandoned in 1910, replaced by the Ten-Tunnel Deviation, a double tracked route with a ruling grade of 1:90. This is still in heavy use as the Main West line to the central-west of NSW and ultimately the trans-Australia line to Perth today.
[edit] Heritage Railway
During World War II Glenbrook, Clarence (current tourist steam train tunnel) and the Lithgow tunnels were used to store chemical weapons for the Royal Australian Air Force. Principally mustard gas and phosgene the chemical agents were housed in a variety of weapons from bombs to cylinders. The cache was disposed of after the war [1]. In 1975 it was decided to restore the rails as a heritage railway, albeit on a different gauge (3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) instead of the original 4 ft 8½ in (1,435 mm)). Rolling stock for the museum thus comes from states other than New South Wales – Queensland and South Australia in particular.
As of 2005 the railway is operated as the Zig Zag Steam and Diesel Tourist Railway.
The line has gradually been extended:
- Bottom Points (depot) to Top Points.
- Top Points to the first Clarence railway station.
- Clarence to Newnes Junction (under construction in 2008).
[edit] References
[edit] Further reading
- Full Steam Across The Mountains - Phil Belbin & David Burke - Methuen Australia 1981
- Blue Mountains Railways - William A. Bayley - Locomotion Productions 1980
[edit] External links
[edit] See also
- Zig Zag (railway)
- Spiral (railway)
- Hillclimbing (railway)
- Kalamunda Zig Zag in Western Australia
- List of Australian heritage railways
