Zaide
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| Operas by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart |
|---|
Die Schuldigkeit des ersten Gebotes (1767) |
Zaide is an unfinished opera, K. 344, written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1780. Emperor Joseph II, in 1778, was in the process of setting up an opera company for the purpose of performing German opera. One condition required of the composer to join this company was that he should write a comic opera. At Salzburg in 1779 he began work on a new "rescue" opera, Zaide. It contains spoken dialogue, which also classifies it as a Singspiel (literally, "singing play").
Rescue operas were popular at the time, since Muslim pirates were preying on Mediterranean shipping, particularly to obtain female, and male slaves, for various purposes. This story represents a reversal, as Zaide goes to save her beloved, Gomatz. Ludwig van Beethoven's only opera, Fidelio, is cast in the same mold, with spoken dramatic dialogue, although it is a husband (a political prisoner) who is saved from death in a Spanish prison.
Mozart was composing for a German libretto by Johann Andreas Schachtner, set in Turkey, which was the scene of his next, completed rescue Singspiel (Die Entführung aus dem Serail). Sadly, he would soon abandon Zaide, to work on Idomeneo, and never returned to the project. The work was lost until after his death, when Constanze Mozart, his wife, found it in his scattered manuscripts in 1799. The fragments wouldn't be published until 1838, and its first performance was held in Frankfurt on January 27, 1866. Zaide has since been said to be the foundations of a masterpiece, and received critical acclaim. The tender soprano air, "Ruhe sanft, mein holdes Leben" is the only number that might be called moderately familiar.
Modern companion pieces to Zaide have been written by both Luciano Berio and Chaya Chernowin.
Contents |
[edit] Style
Zaide can neither be described as opera buffa or opera seria it contained elements of both forms, and parallels may be drawn to both genre in Mozart's work. Zaide is also notable as being the only dramatic piece by Mozart to contain melodrama. This includes spoken dialogue which has been lost, though there have been various attempts in modern times to write new dialog to substitute for Schachtner's lost words.
[edit] Roles
| Role | Voice type | Premiere Cast, January 27, 1866 (Conductor: - ) |
|---|---|---|
| Zaide | soprano | |
| Gomatz | tenor | |
| Allazim | bass | |
| Sultan Soliman | tenor | |
| Osmin | bass | |
| Zaram, captain of the Guard | speaking role | |
| Four slaves | tenor |
[edit] Synopsis
Zaide falls in love with Gomatz, a slave, which strikes up jealousy and rage in the Sultan, who happens to also admire her. After capture she chooses a free life with Gomatz rather than a good life with the Sultan. Allazim encourages the sultan to consider Gomatz as a man, not as a slave. A twist on the end of the opera reveals Zaide and Gomatz to be brother and sister and Allazim to be their father. This ending is not always used, and is usually just narration depicting what may have happened if Mozart had actually finished the opera.
[edit] Noted arias
- "Herr und Freund, wie dank ich dir!" - Gomatz in Act I
- "Nur mutig, mein Herze" - Allazim in Act I
- "Rase, Schicksal" - Gomatz in Act I
- "Ruhe sanft, mein holdes Leben" - Zaide in Act I
- "Der stolze Löw' lässt sich zwar zähmen" - Sultan Soliman in Act II
- "Ich bin so bös als gut" - Sultan Soliman in Act II
- "Ihr Mächtigen seht ungerührt" - Allazim in Act II
- "Tiger! Wetze nur die Klauen" - Zaide in Act II
- "Trostlos schluchzet Philomele" - Zaide in Act II
- "Wer hungrig bei der Tafel sitzt" - Osmin in Act II
[edit] External links
- Zaide: Score and critical report (German) in the Neue Mozart-Ausgabe
- Article on the background behind Zaide by Ian Page
- Articles on Zaide
- Evans, Rian (29 June 2004). Zaïde — 3 stars Aldeburgh. The Guardian. Retrieved on 2008-03-12.
- Fragments of the libretto
