Yellow Bank River

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Yellow Bank River
none The Yellow Bank River in the Big Stone National Wildlife Refuge in 2007
The Yellow Bank River in the Big Stone National Wildlife Refuge in 2007
Country United States
States South Dakota, Minnesota
Length 8.69 mi (14 km) [1]
Watershed 460 sq mi (1,191 km²) [2]
Discharge at Agassiz Township
 - average 69.3 cu ft/s (2 m³/s) [2]
 - maximum 6,940 cu ft/s (197 m³/s)
 - minimum 0 cu ft/s (0 m³/s)
Primary source North Fork Yellow Bank River
 - location Round Lake, Coteau des Prairies, Codington County, South Dakota
 - coordinates 45°06′57″N 96°55′00″W / 45.11583, -96.916667 [3]
 - elevation 1,838 ft (560 m) [4]
 - length 50 mi (80 km) approx.[5]
Other source South Fork Yellow Bank River
 - location Coteau des Prairies, Deuel County, South Dakota
 - coordinates 44°58′17″N 96°48′09″W / 44.97139, -96.8025 [6]
 - elevation 1,849 ft (564 m) [4]
 - length 55 mi (89 km) approx.[7]
Source confluence
 - location Yellow Bank Township, Lac qui Parle County, Minnesota
 - coordinates 45°10′47″N 96°21′29″W / 45.17972, -96.35806 [8]
 - elevation 991 ft (302 m) [4]
Mouth Minnesota River
 - location Agassiz Township, Lac qui Parle County, Minnesota
 - coordinates 45°14′12″N 96°17′11″W / 45.23667, -96.28639 [8]
 - elevation 938 ft (286 m) [4]
The Yellow Bank River in the Big Stone National Wildlife Refuge in 2007
The Yellow Bank River in the Big Stone National Wildlife Refuge in 2007

The Yellow Bank River is a tributary of the Minnesota River, approximately nine miles (14 km) long, in western Minnesota in the United States. It is formed by the confluence of two longer streams, the North Fork Yellow Bank River and the South Fork Yellow Bank River, which also flow in northeastern South Dakota. Via the Minnesota River, the Yellow Bank River is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River, draining an area of approximately 460 square miles (1,190 km²) in an agricultural region.

The river was named for yellowish glacial drift in bluffs along the river. Its name was translated from the Sioux language as "Spirit Mountain Creek" by William Keating in his account of Stephen Harriman Long's expedition to the region in 1823. It was labelled as "Yellow Earth River" on an 1860 map of Minnesota.[9]

Contents

[edit] Geography

The river's north and south forks each rise in South Dakota on the Coteau des Prairies, a morainic plateau dividing the Mississippi and Missouri River watersheds, and flow across till plains[10] into Minnesota. The north fork issues from Round Lake near South Shore in northeastern Codington County, South Dakota, and flows eastwardly for approximately fifty miles (80 km) through central Grant County into northwestern Lac qui Parle County, Minnesota. The south fork rises in northwestern Deuel County, South Dakota, approximately six miles (10 km) southwest of Strandburg, and flows generally northeastwardly for approximately 55 miles (90 km) through southern Grant County and western Lac qui Parle County, passing near the community of Nassau, Minnesota. From the confluence of the forks in Yellow Bank Township, Minnesota, the Yellow Bank River flows northwardly for its short course, passing through the Big Stone National Wildlife Refuge, and entering the Minnesota River in Agassiz Township, approximately three miles (5 km) southeast of Odessa.[11] In the Big Stone refuge, the river flows among woodlands of American elm, ash, box elder, and silver maple, and may be fished.[12]

[edit] Flow rate

At the United States Geological Survey's stream gauge in Agassiz Township south of Odessa, 4.5 miles (7.2 km) upstream from the river's mouth, the annual mean flow of the river between 1940 and 2005 was 69.3 cubic feet per second (2 m³/s). The highest recorded flow during the period was 6,940 ft³/s (197 m³/s) on April 9, 1969. Readings of zero were recorded on numerous days during several years.[2]

[edit] See also

[edit] References

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ National Assessment Database, Minnesota
  2. ^ a b c Mitton.
  3. ^ Geographic Names Information System, North Fork Yellow Bank River.
  4. ^ a b c d Google Earth.
  5. ^ National Assessment Database, Minnesota and South Dakota. Stream is 22.48 miles long downstream of County Road 31 in Grant County, South Dakota. Upstream length estimated at 30 miles per South Dakota Atlas & Gazetteer and Geographic Names Information System source coordinates; total rounded downward to 50.
  6. ^ Geographic Names Information System, South Fork Yellow Bank River.
  7. ^ National Assessment Database, Minnesota and South Dakota. Stream is 45.07 miles long downstream of a point near the mouth of Caine Creek in Grant County, South Dakota. Upstream length estimated at 10 miles per South Dakota Atlas & Gazetteer and Geographic Names Information System source coordinates.
  8. ^ a b Geographic Names Information System, Yellow Bank River.
  9. ^ Upham.
  10. ^ Watersheds of the Minnesota River Basin.
  11. ^ Minnesota Atlas & Gazetteer, p. 36. South Dakota Atlas & Gazetteer, pp. 34-35.
  12. ^ Big Stone National Wildlife Refuge.

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