Yellow-rumped Warbler

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Yellow-rumped Warbler
adult male "Audubon's" Yellow-rumped Warbler in alternate plumage, D. coronata, auduboni group
adult male "Audubon's" Yellow-rumped Warbler in alternate plumage, D. coronata, auduboni group
Conservation status
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Parulidae
Genus: Dendroica
Species: D. coronata
Binomial name
Dendroica coronata
(Linnaeus, 1766)

Three closely related North American bird forms—the eastern Myrtle Warbler (ssp coronata), its western counterpart, Audubon's Warbler(ssp group auduboni), the Northwest Mexican Black-fronted Warbler (ssp nigrifrons), and the Guatemalan Goldman's Warbler (ssp goldmani)—are periodically lumped as the Yellow-rumped Warbler (Dendroica coronata).

Contents

[edit] Classification

Since 1973, American Ornithological Union has elected to merge these passerine birds as one species. These two forms were apparently separated by glaciation during the last ice age, and developed distinguishing physical characteristics. When it was shown however that they were able to interbreed, they no longer qualified to be considered as separate species. The reluctance of some North American birdwatchers to accept A.O.U.'s change in speciation may stem from the changes in their "life lists". Technically, what before may have justifiably counted for two entries should perhaps now be cut back to one. The two Middle American subspecies, goldmani and nigrifrons are sedentary and diverged from the northern migratory subspecies in the Pleistocene, and so probably represent separate species.

[edit] Distribution

The Yellow-rumped Warbler breeds from eastern North America west to the Pacific, and southward from there into parts of Mexico. It is a migratory bird which travels to Central America and the Caribbean for winters. Among warblers it is one of the last to leave North America in the fall, and among the first to return. It is an occasional vagrant to the British Isles and Iceland.

[edit] Description

In summers, males of both forms have streaked backs of black on slate blue, white wing patches, a streaked breast, and conspicuous yellow patches on the crown, flank, and rump. Audubon's Warbler also sports a yellow throat patch, while the Myrtle Warbler has a white throat and eye stripe, and a contrasting black cheek patch. Females of both forms are more dull, with brown streaking front and back, but still have noticeable yellow rumps. Goldman's Warbler, of Guatemala, resembles Audubon's but has a white lower border to the yellow throat and otherwise darker plumage; males replace the slate blue of Audubon's with black.

These birds are primarily insectivorous, although when bugs are scarce, the Myrtle Warbler also enjoys eating the wax-myrtle berries which gave it its name. They often flit, flycatcher-like, out from their perches in short loops, in search of insects.

They nest in coniferous and mixed woodlands, and lay 4-5 eggs in a cup-shaped nest.

The Yellow-rumped has a trill-like song of 4-7 syllables (tyew-tyew-tyew-tyew,tew-tew-tew) and an occasional check or chip call note.

[edit] Gallery

A leucistic individual

[edit] References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

[edit] External links

[edit] Further reading

[edit] Book

  • Hunt, P. D., and D. J. Flaspohler. 1998. Yellow-rumped Warbler (Dendroica coronata). In The Birds of North America, No. 376 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA.

[edit] Thesis

  • Afik DS. Ph.D. (1994). Modulation of digestive traits in a passerine bird. The University of Wisconsin - Madison, United States -- Wisconsin.
  • Barrowclough GF. Ph.D. (1980). GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION IN THE DENDROICA CORONATA COMPLEX. University of Minnesota, United States -- Minnesota.
  • Commisso FW. Ph.D. (1981). PARULID HINDLIMB MYOLOGY AND NICHE UTILIZATION. Fordham University, United States -- New York.
  • Debruyne CA. M.Sc. (2003). Pattern and chronology of prebasic moult in wood-warblers (Parulidae). Lakehead University (Canada), Canada.
  • Farr DR. Ph.D. (1995). Forest birds and ecosystem conservation in the Rocky Mountain foothills of Alberta. University of Alberta (Canada), Canada.
  • Fitzgerald TM. M.Sc. (2004). Orientation behaviour of the yellow-rumped warbler ( Dendroica coronata). Acadia University (Canada), Canada.
  • Folkard NFG. M.Sc. (1990). An experimental study of the plant-arthropod-bird food chain in the southwestern Yukon. The University of British Columbia (Canada), Canada.
  • Hanaburgh C. Ph.D. (2001). Modeling the effects of management approaches on forest and wildlife resources in northern hardwood forests. Michigan State University, United States -- Michigan.
  • Hejl SJ. Ph.D. (1987). BIRD ASSEMBLAGES IN TRUE FIR FORESTS OF THE WESTERN SIERRA NEVADA (CALIFORNIA). Northern Arizona University, United States -- Arizona.
  • Holthuijzen AMA. Ph.D. (1983). DISPERSAL ECOLOGY OF EASTERN RED CEDAR JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA L. (VIRGINIA). Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, United States -- Virginia.
  • Hubbard JP. Ph.D. (1967). A SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF THE DENDROICA CORONATA COMPLEX (AVES). University of Michigan, United States -- Michigan.
  • Kelly TD. M.A. (1991). Impact of agroforestry plantations grown with agricultural drainwater on avian abundance and diversity in the San Joaquin Valley, California. California State University, Fresno, United States -- California.
  • Kristensen DR. M.Sc. (1996). An assessment of the songbird habitat quality of red pine plantations in eastern Ontario. Queen's University at Kingston (Canada), Canada.
  • Lowe EG. Ph.D. (2005). Wax myrtle and myrtle warblers: Reciprocal specialization and its consequences in a temperate fruit-frugivore interaction. University of Maryland, College Park, United States -- Maryland.
  • Mila Valcarcel B. Ph.D. (2005). The role of Pleistocene glacial cycles in driving speciation and the evolution of migration in songbirds: Inferring evolutionary processes from mitochondrial DNA and morphological data. University of California, Los Angeles, United States -- California.
  • Podlesak DW. Ph.D. (2004). Metabolic routing of macronutrients in migratory songbirds: Effects of diet quality and macronutrient composition revealed using stable isotopes. University of Rhode Island, United States -- Rhode Island.
  • Rodewald PG. Ph.D. (2001). Ecology and behavior of migratory songbirds during stopover periods. The Pennsylvania State University, United States -- Pennsylvania.
  • Strode PK. Ph.D. (2004). Spring phenology and trophic ecology of trees, caterpillars, and migrating neotropical-nearctic songbirds. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States -- Illinois.

[edit] Articles

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  • Komar O, O'Shea BJ, Peterson AT & Navarro-Siguenza AG. (2005). Evidence of latitudinal sexual segregation among migratory birds wintering in Mexico. Auk. vol 122, no 3. p. 938-948.
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  • Machtans CS & Latour PB. (2003). Boreal forest songbird communities of the Liard Valley, Northwest Territories, Canada. Condor. vol 105, no 1. p. 27-44.
  • McNair DB. (1993). 1ST BANDED PASSERINE RECOVERED IN THE MAGDALEN ISLANDS - YELLOW-RUMPED WARBLER, DENDROICA-CORONATA. Canadian Field-Naturalist. vol 107, no 2. p. 226-226.
  • McWilliams SR & Karasov WH. (1998). Test of a digestion optimization model: effect of variable-reward feeding schedules on digestive performance of a migratory bird. Oecologia. vol 114, no 2. p. 160-169.
  • McWilliams SR, Kearney SB & Karasov WH. (2002). Diet preferences of warblers for specific fatty acids in relation to nutritional requirements and digestive capabilities. Journal of Avian Biology. vol 33, no 2. p. 167-174.
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