Year Zero (album)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Year Zero
Year Zero cover
Studio album by Nine Inch Nails
Released April 16, 2007 (2007-04-16)
Recorded Various locations, September – December 13, 2006
Genre Industrial rock
Length 63:42
Label Interscope – HALO 24
Producer Trent Reznor, Atticus Ross
Professional reviews
Nine Inch Nails chronology
With Teeth
(2005)		 Year Zero
(2007)		 Year Zero Remixed
(2007)

Year Zero (also known as Halo 24) is the sixth studio album by American industrial rock act Nine Inch Nails, released on April 16, 2007 by Interscope Records. Year Zero is a concept album that criticizes contemporary policies of the United States government by presenting a dystopian vision of the year 2022. Nine Inch Nails frontman Trent Reznor indicated that this required a completely different approach from his usual style of lyric writing.

The album is part of a larger Year Zero project which includes a remix album, an alternate reality game, and a potential television or film project. The Year Zero alternate reality game expanded upon the album's fictional storyline by using media such as websites, pre-recorded phone messages, and murals.

Year Zero received generally positive reviews, many of which were also favorable towards the accompanying alternate reality game. The album spawned two singles, "Survivalism" and "Capital G", the latter being released as a promotional single. Disputes arose between Reznor and Universal Music Group, parent company of Interscope Records, over the overseas pricing of the album, ultimately resulting in the severing of ties between the two parties.

Contents

[edit] Recording

In a 2005 interview with Kerrang!, Nine Inch Nails front man Trent Reznor expressed his intentions to write material for a new release during the group's promotional tour for its previous album, With Teeth (2005). Reznor reportedly began work on the new album by September 2006.[1] While on tour, Reznor devised much of the album's musical direction on his laptop.[2] Reznor told Kerrang! magazine "When I was on the [Live: With Teeth] tour, to keep myself busy I just really hunkered down and was working on music the whole time, so this kept me in a creative mode and when I finished the tour I felt like I wasn't tired and wanted to keep at it".[3]

Devising the album's musical direction on a tour bus proved to be a creative limitation, but one which forced Reznor to work differently then he would have done otherwise. "I didn't have guitars around because it was too much hassle... It was another creative limitation... If I were in my studio, I would have done things the way I normally do them. But not having the ability to do that, forced me into trying some things that were fun to do".[4]

By the end of the tour, Reznor began work on the lyrical concepts of the album, attempting to break away from his typically introspective approach. Reznor instead drew inspiration from his concern of the state of affairs in the United States and what he envisioned as the country's political, spiritual, and social direction.[5] Year Zero was mixed in January 2007,[6] and Reznor stated on his blog that the album was finished as of February 5.[7] The album's budget was a reported US$2 million, but since Reznor composed most of the album himself on his laptop and in his home-studio, much of the budget instead went towards the extensive accompanying promotional campaign.[4]

[edit] Promotion

An Art is Resistance flier from the Year Zero alternate reality game
An Art is Resistance flier from the Year Zero alternate reality game
Main article: Year Zero (game)

In an interview with Kerrang! magazine, Reznor hinted that the album was "part of a bigger picture of a number of things I'm working on".[3] In February 2007 fans discovered that a new Nine Inch Nails tour t-shirt contained highlighted letters that spelled out the words "I am trying to believe".[2] This phrase was registered as a website URL, and soon several related websites were also discovered in the IP range, all describing a dystopian vision of the fictional "year 0000".[2] It was later reported that 42 Entertainment had created these websites to promote Year Zero as part of an alternate reality game.[8] Rolling Stone described the fan involvement in this promotion as the "marketing team's dream".[9] Reznor, however, argued that "marketing" was an inaccurate description of the game, and that it was "not some kind of gimmick to get you to buy a record - it IS the art form".[10]

A spectrogram of the noise at the end of "My Violent Heart", one of the tracks on the USB drive found at a concert in Portugal.
A spectrogram of the noise at the end of "My Violent Heart", one of the tracks on the USB drive found at a concert in Portugal.[11]

Part of this promotional campaign involved USB drives that were left in concert venues for fans to find during Nine Inch Nails' 2007 European tour. During a concert in Lisbon, Portugal, a USB flash drive was found in a bathroom stall containing a high-quality MP3 of the track "My Violent Heart", a song from the then-unreleased album.[11] Another USB drive was found at a concert in Barcelona, Spain, containing the track "Me, I'm Not".[12] Messages found on the drives and tour clothing led to additional websites and images from the game, and the early release of several unheard songs from the album.[13] Reznor told The Guardian:

The USB drive was simply a mechanism of leaking the music and data we wanted out there. The medium of the CD is outdated and irrelevant. It's really painfully obvious what people want — DRM-free music they can do what they want with. If the greedy record industry would embrace that concept I truly think people would pay for music and consume more of it.[13]

On February 22, 2007 a teaser trailer was released through the official Year Zero website. It featured a quick glimpse of a blue road sign that said "I AM TRYING TO BELIEVE", as well as a distorted glimpse of "The Presence" from the album cover. One frame in the teaser led fans to a URL containing the complete album cover.[14] In March, the multitrack audio files of Year Zero's first single, "Survivalism", were released in Garageband format for fan remixing. The multitrack files for "Capital G", "My Violent Heart" and "Me, I'm Not" were released on April 26;[15] "The Beginning of the End", "Vessel" and "God Given" were released on June 12.[16] In response to an early leak of the album, the entire album became available for streaming on Nine Inch Nails' MySpace page on April 10.[17]

[edit] Performance 2007 tour

Nine Inch Nails during the Performance 2007 tour
Nine Inch Nails during the Performance 2007 tour
See also: List of Nine Inch Nails tours

After taking a break from touring to complete work on Year Zero, the Nine Inch Nails live band embarked on a world-tour in 2007 dubbed "Performance 2007". The tour included the band's first performance in China.[18] Reznor continued to tour with the same band he concluded the previous tour with: Aaron North, Jeordie White, Josh Freese, and Alessandro Cortini. The tour spanned 91 dates across Europe, Asia, Australia, and Hawaii.[19][20]

The tour included an impromptu performance by the band for a small group of fans who received fictional in-game telephone-calls–as part of the alternate reality game–in which they were invited to a "resistance meeting" in Los Angeles. At the meeting, fans attended a fictional Art is Resistance meeting, and were later rewarded by an unannounced performance by Nine Inch Nails. The concert was cut short as the meeting was raided by a fictional SWAT team and the audience was rushed out of the building.[21]

[edit] Themes

Nine Inch Nails' 2006 tour merchandise designs featured overt references to the United States military, which Reznor said "reflect[ed] future directions".[7] Reznor later described Year Zero as "the soundtrack to a movie that doesn't exist".[22] It criticizes the American government's policies, and that the album "could be about the end of the world".[7] Reznor had previously called the results of the 2004 US election "one step closer to the end of the world".[23]

Even though the fictional story begins in January 2007, the timeline of the album and alternate reality game mentions historical events, such as September 11 attacks and the Iraq War. From there, fictional events lead to worldwide chaos, including bioterrorism attacks, the United States engaging in nuclear war with Iran, and the elimination of American civil liberties at the hands of the fictional government agency The Bureau of Morality. Regardless of being fictional, a columnist of The Hartford Courant commented, "What's scary is that this doesn't seem as far-fetched as it should, given recent revelations about the FBI's abuse of the Patriot Act and the dissent-equals-disloyalty double-speak coming out of Washington in recent years".[24] The "recent revelations" he referred to was the Justice Department's inspector general revealing abuses of the Act by the FBI.[25]

[edit] Music

 Music samples:

"The Great Destroyer"

"The Great Destroyer", an example of one of the album's many instrumental track endings.
Problems listening to the file? See media help.

Reznor called Year Zero a "shift in direction" in that it "doesn't sound like With Teeth".[7] He further wrote that when he finishes a new album, he has to "go into battle with the people whose job it is to figure out how to sell the record. The only time that didn't happen was [for] With Teeth. This time, however, [he was] expecting an epic struggle. [Year Zero] is not a particularly friendly record and it certainly doesn't sound like anything else out there right now".[26]

Fifteen original tracks were considered for inclusion on the album, which Reznor described as "Highly conceptual. Quite noisy. Fucking cool".[27] Reznor also described the album as a "collage of sound type of thing", citing musical inspiration from early Public Enemy records, specifically the production techniques of The Bomb Squad.[28][29] Most of Year Zero's musical elements were created by Reznor solely on his laptop, as opposed to the instrument-heavy With Teeth.[2] All Music Guide's review described the album's laptop-mixed sound: "guitars squall against glitches, beeps, pops, and blotches of blurry sonic attacks. Percussion looms large, distorted, organic, looped, screwed, spindled and broken".[29] Many reviews of the album compared the album's electronic sound to earlier Nine Inch Nails releases such as The Downward Spiral and The Fragile, while contrasting its heavily modified sounds to the more "organic" approach of With Teeth.[30][31][22] Many critics also commented on the album's overall tone, including descriptions such as "lots of silver and grey ambience[sic] " and reference to the album's "oblique tone".[31][22] The New York Times review described the album's sound by saying "Hard beats are softened with distortion, static cushions the tantrums, sneaky bass lines float beneath the surface". The article went on to describe individual tracks: "And as usual the music is packed with details: "Meet Your Master" goes through at least three cycles of decay and rebirth; part of the fun of "The Warning" is tracking the ever-mutating timbres".[32]

Many of the songs on the album feature an extended instrumental ending, including the second half of the three-minute song "The Great Destroyer". The album was co-produced by Reznor and Atticus Ross, mixed by long-time collaborator Alan Moulder, and mastered by Brian Gardner. The album features instrumental contributions by live band member Josh Freese and vocals by Saul Williams.

[edit] Artwork

The two states of the Year Zero disc: black when cooled, white when heated
The two states of the Year Zero disc: black when cooled, white when heated
The United States Bureau of Morality sticker found on the back of Year Zero
The United States Bureau of Morality sticker found on the back of Year Zero

All of the artwork for Year Zero was created by Rob Sheridan, acting art director for Nine Inch Nails, who is also credited for artwork on With Teeth, among other Nine Inch Nails releases since 2000. The album features a thermo-chrome heat-sensitive CD face which appears black when first opened, but reveals a black binary code on a white background when heat is generated from the album being played.[33][34] The binary sequence translates to "exterminal.net", the address of a website involved in the alternate reality game. Reznor displayed displeasure at the extra $10 added to the CD's price in Australia for the thermo-coating, saying it only cost an extra 83¢ per CD and that he incurred the additional cost.[35]

Included with the album is a small insert that is a warning from the fictional United States Bureau of Morality (USBM), with a phone number to report people who have "engaged in subversive acts". When the number is called, a recording from the USBM is played, claiming "By calling this number, you and your family are implicitly pleading guilty to the consumption of anti-American media and have been flagged as potential militants".[10][24]

[edit] Related projects

A remix album, titled Year Zero Remixed, was released in November 2007. Due to the expiration of his contract with Interscope Records, the album's release, marketing, and promotion were completely in Reznor's control.[36] The album features remixes from artists including The Faint, Ladytron, Bill Laswell, Saul Williams, Olof Dreijer of The Knife, and Sam Fogarino of Interpol.[37][38]

Kerrang! Radio reported that Reznor was in talks concerning a filmed version of the Year Zero project.[39] Reznor has since commented that he is currently more interested in a television project, rather than a film project. In August 2007, he revealed that he a producer is involved with the project, that he has met with writers, and that he would be pitching the idea to television networks.[40] Since first announcing his plans for a television series, however, progress has slowed, reportedly due to the 2007–2008 Writer's Guild strike. Despite this, Reznor has commented that the project is "still churning along",[41] and that he has began working with American film producer Lawrence Bender.[4]

Reznor himself strongly supports fan-made remixes of songs off of the album, as evidenced by his decision to upload every song in multi-track form to the then-newly launched Nine Inch Nails remix website.[42] Instrumental versions of the songs on Year Zero are available at the site for download in multiple formats, including MP3, WAV, GarageBand, and Ableton Live formats.

[edit] Release and reception

Upon its release in April 2007, Year Zero reached number two on the Billboard 200[43] and the United World Chart,[44] and peaked in the top 10 in six other countries, including Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom.[45][46][47] The album's first single, "Survivalism" peaked at number 68 on the Billboard Hot 100, and topped the Modern Rock and Canadian singles charts.[48][49] The "Capital G" promotional single reached number six on the Modern Rock chart.[48]

Critical response to the album was generally favorable, with an average rating of 76% based on 28 reviews on MetaCritic.[50] Robert Christgau described Year Zero as Reznor's "most songful album",[51] while Thomas Inskeep of Stylus magazine praised it as "one of the most forward-thinking 'rock' albums to come down the pike in some time".[52] Rob Sheffield of Rolling Stone called the album Reznor's "strongest, weirdest and most complex record since The Downward Spiral", and concluded that "he's got his bravado back".[53] Rolling Stone ranked it at number 21 on its "Top 50 Albums of 2007" list.[54]

Some reviews were more critical, however; Spin magazine's review summarized the album by saying "The songs drag in the middle, choruses become interchangeable, and too many tracks end with the same electronic stuttering".[50] Hot Press magazine had a similar complaint: "A number of tracks here follow a similar, frustrating formula. For three minutes they showcase Reznor’s worst tendencies; the boorish plod of the choruses, the hoarse moan of the vocals".[50]

Several reviewers commented on the accompanying alternate reality game. Ann Powers of The Los Angeles Times, praised the album and game concept as "a total marriage of the pop and gamer aesthetics that unlocks the rusty cages of the music industry and solves some key problems facing rock music as its cultural dominance dissolves into dust". Powers added, "The songs on 'Year Zero,' each from the perspective of a character or characters already existent in the ARG, draw a connection between the music fan's passionate identification with songs and the gamer's experience of becoming someone else online".[55] The Cleveland Free Times commented that the album's fictionalized world and characters "often seemed heavy-handed and forced", but also conceded that "its clotted claustrophobia suited its subject matter".[56] In 2008, 42 Entertainment won two Webby Awards for its work on the Year Zero game, in the categories of "Integrated Campaigns" and "Other Advertising: Branded Content".[57][58]

[edit] Corporate disputes

In May 2007, Reznor made a post on the official Nine Inch Nails website condemning Universal Music Group—the parent company of the band's record label, Interscope Records—for their pricing and distribution plans for Year Zero.[59] He labeled the company's retail pricing of Year Zero in Australia as "ABSURD",[sic] concluding that "as a reward for being a 'true fan' you get ripped off". Reznor went on to say that as "the climate grows more and more desperate for record labels, their answer to their mostly self-inflicted wounds seems to be to screw the consumer over even more".[60] Reznor's post, specifically his criticism of the recording industry at large, elicited considerable media attention.[61]

In September 2007, Reznor continued his attack on Universal Music Group at a concert in Australia, urging fans there to "steal" his music online instead of purchasing it legally.[62] Reznor went on to encourage the crowd to "steal and steal and steal some more and give it to all your friends and keep on stealin'".[63] Although Universal never replied publicly to the criticism, a spokesperson for the Australian Music Retailers Association said "It is the same price in Australia as it is in the US because of the extra packaging".[64] Due to the pricing dispute, plans to release a "Capital G" maxi-single in Europe were scrapped. The track was instead released as a promotional single, without a "Halo number", unlike most official Nine Inch Nails releases.[59]

Following the intentional "leak" of three tracks from the then-unreleased album, the high-quality audio files quickly circulated the internet. Owners of websites hosting the files soon received cease and desist orders from the Recording Industry Association of America, despite the fact that the viral campaign, and the early release of the tracks, was sanctioned by Nine Inch Nails' record label.[10][65] The source that broke the story was quoted as saying "These f*cking idiots are going after a campaign that the label signed off on".[65]

Reznor announced in October 2007 that Nine Inch Nails had fulfilled its contractual commitments to Interscope Records and could proceed "free of any recording contract with any label", effectively ending the band's relationship with its record label.[66] Reznor also speculated that he would release the next Nine Inch Nails album online in a similar fashion to the pay-what-you-want release of The Inevitable Rise and Liberation of NiggyTardust!, which he produced.[67] Subsequent Nine Inch Nails releases, Ghosts I–IV and The Slip, were released digitally initially,[68] under a Creative Commons "Attribution Non-Commercial Share Alike" license.[69]

[edit] Track listing

All tracks written and performed by Trent Reznor.

  1. "HYPERPOWER!" – 1:42
  2. "The Beginning of the End" – 2:47
  3. "Survivalism" – 4:23
  4. "The Good Soldier" – 3:23
  5. "Vessel" – 4:52
  6. "Me, I'm Not" – 4:51
  7. "Capital G" – 3:50
  8. "My Violent Heart" – 4:13
  9. "The Warning" – 3:38
  10. "God Given" – 3:50
  11. "Meet Your Master" – 4:08
  12. "The Greater Good" – 4:52
  13. "The Great Destroyer" – 3:17
  14. "Another Version of the Truth" – 4:09
  15. "In This Twilight" – 3:33
  16. "Zero-Sum" – 6:14

[edit] Personnel

  • William Artope – trumpet on "Capital G"
  • Matt Demeritt – tenor sax on "Capital G"
  • Josh Freese – drums on "Hyperpower!" and "Capital G"
  • Jeff/Geoff Gallegos – brass / winds musical arrangement, baritone sax on "Capital G"
  • Brian Gardner – mastering
  • Elizabeth Lea – trombone on "Capital G"
  • Alan Moulder – mix engineering
  • Trent Reznor – production, performance
  • Atticus Ross – production, sound design
  • Saul Williams – backing vocals on "Survivalism" and "Me, I'm Not"

[edit] Chart positions

[edit] Album

Chart Peak
position
Billboard 200[43][46] 2
Billboard Top Internet Albums[46] 2
Billboard Top Rock Albums[46] 24
Australian Albums Chart[45] 5
Austrian Albums Chart[70] 4
Canadian Albums Chart[46] 3
Finnish Albums Chart[71] 5
French Albums Chart[72] 17
German Albums Chart[73] 6
Dutch Albums Chart[74] 25
New Zealand Albums Chart[75] 20
Swiss Albums Chart[76] 13
UK Albums Chart[47] 6
United World Chart[44] 2

[edit] Singles

Song Chart peak positions
US
[48]		 US
Mod[48]		 US
Main[48]		 CAN
[49]		 UK
[77]		 FIN
[78]
"Survivalism" 68 1 14 1 29 7
"Capital G" — 6 25 — 140 —

"—" denotes a release that did not chart.

[edit] References

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  73. ^ Nine Inch Nails Germany Chart history. Musicline.de. Retrieved on 2007-11-10.
  74. ^ Nine Inch Nails Dutch Album Charting. dutchcharts.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-12.
  75. ^ Nine Inch Nails New Zealand Charting. Charts.org.nz. Retrieved on 2007-11-10.
  76. ^ Nine Inch Nails Swiss Charting. hitparade.ch. Retrieved on 2007-11-10.
  77. ^ Chart Stats - Nine Inch Nails. Chart Stats. Retrieved on 2007-09-28.
  78. ^ Search results for: Nine Inch Nails. FinnishCharts.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-28.

[edit] External links

v • d • e
Nine Inch Nails
Trent Reznor
Alessandro Cortini · Josh Freese · Robin Finck · Justin Meldal-Johnsen
Jeff Ward · Richard Patrick · James Woolley · Chris Vrenna · Danny Lohner · Charlie Clouser · Jerome Dillon · Alex Carapetis · Aaron North · Jeordie White
Major studio releases
Major remix releases
Live releases
Singles
Halo numbers
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