Yambo Ouologuem

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Yambo Ouologuem (born August 22, 1940) is a Malian writer. His first novel, Le Devoir de Violence (1968), won the Prix Renaudot. He also wrote "Lettre à la France nègre" (1969), and "Les mille et une bibles du sexe" (1969) under the pseudonym Utto Rodolph.

Le Devoir de Violence was initially well-received, but critics later charged that Ouologuem had plagiarized passages from Graham Greene and other established authors. Ouologuem turned away from the Western press as a result of the matter, and even today remains reclusive. His legacy is explored in a contemporary light in Yambo Ouologuem: Postcolonial Writer, Islamic Militant, a recent anthology edited by Christopher Wise that includes an account of Wise's own attempt to find Ouologuem in Africa.