Yamada Koun
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| Yamada Koun | |
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| Information | |
| Born: | 1907 |
| Place of birth: | Nihonmatsu, Japan |
| Died: | 1989 |
| Place of death: | Kamakura, Japan |
| Religion: | Zen Buddhism |
| School(s): | Sanbo Kyodan |
| Title(s): | Roshi |
| Teacher(s): | Asahina Sōgen Hanamoto Kanzui Harada Daiun Sogaku Yasutani Haku'un Ryoko |
| Predecessor(s): | Yasutani Haku'un Ryoko |
| Partner(s): | Yamada Kazue Myo-en |
| Children: | Masamichi Ryoun-ken Yamada |
| Website | |
Yamada Koun Zenshin (1907—1989), or Koun Yamada, was the former leader of the Sanbo Kyodan lineage of Zen Buddhism, the Dharma heir of his teacher Yasutani Haku'un Ryoko. Yamada was appointed the leader of the Sanbo Kyodan in 1967, 1970 or 1973 and continued to differentiate the lineage from other Japanese Zen traditions by deemphasizing the separation between laypeople and the ordained—just as his teacher Yastunai had done. Yamada was also instrumental in bringing Christians to the practice of Zen. According to Michelle Spuler, "By the end of Yamada's teaching career approximately one quarter of the participants at his sesshins were Christians."[1]
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[edit] Biography
Yamada Koun was born in Nihonmatsu in Fukushima prefecture of Japan in 1907. He attended school with Soen Nakagawa at Dai-Ichi High School located in Tokyo, Japan, and also went to university with him.[2] In 1941 Yamada began working for the Manchurian Mining Company as a labor supervisor—a company known for poor working conditions and exploiting its slave labor forces comprised of Chinese peasants, POWs and criminals. By 1945 he had become deputy director of the General Affairs Department for the company.[3] While working as supervisor for the company his old friend Soen Nakagawa came to Manchuria on behalf of his master, Gempo Yamamoto, in an effort to encourage workers to double their output for Japan's war efforts.[3] According to the forweord in the book The Gateless Gate: The Classic Book of Zen Koans, "In Manchuria at age thirty-eight Yamada began Zen training. Three years later he returned to Japan and settled in Kamakura with his wife and three children. Once set on his course in Zen, Yamada pursued his goal relentlessly. Although he was a managing director of a large Tokyo firm, he went twice a day to dokusan with Asahina Sōgen Roshi. After his first kensho was approved, he engaged in koan study for three years and then continued his studies with Hanamoto Kanzui."[2]
In 1953 Yamada invited Haku'un Yasutani to Kamakura and founded the Kamakura Haku-un-kai.[2] Then, according to Stephen Batchelor, "On 26 November 1953, Koun Yamada, a Japanese business executive in Kamakura, was returning home with his wife on a suburban train. He came across a passage in a Zen text in which the author declared: 'I came to realise clearly that Mind is no other than mountains and rivers and the great wide earth, the sun and the moon and the stars.' He broke into tears with the realization that after eight years of zazen he had finally grasped what this statement meant."[4] Later that night he awoke abruptly from sleep and saw the same passage flash in his mind, which was followed by a kensho experience. The next day Yasutani confirmed that what Yamada had experienced was a kensho.[4]
Yamada continued to study under Yasutani for seven years following this experience, and in 1961 he became the successor to Haku'un Yasutani—one year after completing some six hundred koans under him.[4][3] There is some confusion over the date on which Yamada became the leader of the Sanbo Kyodan. According to Daizen Victoria in Zen War Stories, "In 1967 Yamada succeeded to the leadership of the Sanbō-Kyōdan (Three Treasures Association), an independent, lay-oriented Zen sect that Yasutani had created in Kamakura in 1953."[3] According to the book The Sound of Liberating Truth, "In 1970 Yamada Kōun became the successor of Yasutani Roshi as head (kanchō) of the Sanbōkyōdan."[5] Finally, according to Michelle Spuler in the book Developments in Australian Buddhism, "Yasutani's successor, Yamada Koun Zenshin (1907-1989), was appointed as the leader of the Sanbo Kyodan in 1973."[1] The date is most likely 1973, however, as Charles S. Prebish writes in his book Luminous Passage: The Practice and Study of Buddhism in America, "With the blessing of both Nakagawa Sōen Rōshi and Yasutani Rōshi, Koun Yamada Rōshi was invited to lead the Diamond Sangha, and he moved to Hawaii in 1971."[6] It is likely the date is not 1967 or 1970 because Yamada would not need anyone's blessing to go to Hawaii were he already the head of the school, not to mention 1973 was the year of Haku'un Yasutani's death.
What is clear is that Yamada made Robert Baker Aitken either a sensei or roshi in 1974. Even this date comes with some confusion, as author Richard Seager says he received Dharma transmission in 1974.[7] However, the author David W. Chappell states in the book Buddhist Peacework: Creating Cultures of Peace, "...in 1974 [Baker] was appointed sensei (teacher) by Kamakura-based Zen master Yamada Koun Roshi. In 1985, Yamada Roshi gave Aitken transmission as an independent roshi."[8] In 1988 Ruben L.F. Habito, a former Jesuit priest who had also studied under Yasutani, received Dharma transmission from Yamada.[1] additionally, Yamada left behind many other Dharma heirs which are listed in the next section of this article.
[edit] Dharma heirs
- Yukiyoshi Zuiun-ken Adachi
- Reiko Houn-an Adachi
- Robert Chotan Gyoun Aitken
- Osamu Shoun-ken Ashida
- Fr. Niklaus Goun-ken Brantschen, SJ
- Brigitte D'Ortschy
- Uta Ryuun-an Dreisbach
- Sr. Ludwigis Koun-an Fabian, OSB
- Lourdes Mila Gyokuun-an Golez
- Ruben Keiun-ken Habito
- Bruce Soun-ken Harris
- Kodo Nyoun-ken Hasegawa
- Tetsuo Taiun-ken Hiyama
- Fr. Willigis Koun-ken Jaeger, OSB
- Akira Ji'un-ken Kubota
- Heidi Heki-un an Kern
- Johannes Houn-ken Kopp
- Victor Yuun-ken Loew
- Peter Choun-ken Lengsfeld
- David Tetsuun-ken Loy
- Sr. Elaine Koun-an McInnes
- Gundula Zuiun-an Meyer
- Carmen Baika-an Monske
- Teizo Kaku'un-ken Nakamura
- Tsuneo Go'un-ken Oda
- Akira Soun-ken Onda
- Silvia Rin'un-an Ostertag
- Sonia Shuni-an Punzalan
- Kathleen Seiun-an Reiley
- Joan Jo-un Rieck
- Ama Genun-ken Samy
- Ana Maria Kiun-an Schlüter Rodes
- Shitetsu Shoun-ken Sendo
- Paul Choun-ken Shepherd
- Roselyn Seiun-an Stone
- Toshio Hekiun-ken Tonoike
- Shue Reiunken Usami
- Masamichi Ryoun-ken Yamada (son of Yamada Koun and current leader of the Sanbo Kyodan)
[edit] Bibliography
- Yamada, Koun (2004). The Gateless Gate: The Classic Book of Zen Koans. Wisdom Publications. ISBN 0861713826.
[edit] See also
[edit] Notes
[edit] References
- Batchelor, Stephen (1994). The Awakening of the West: The Encounter of Buddhism and Western Culture. Parallax Press. ISBN 0938077694.
- Chappell, David W. (2000). Buddhist Peacework: Creating Cultures of Peace. Wisdom Publications. ISBN 086171167X.
- King, Sallie B.; Paul O. Ingram (1999). The Sound of Liberating Truth: Buddhist-Christian Dialogues in Honor of Frederick J. Streng. Routledge. ISBN 070071121X.
- Prebish, Charles S (1999). Luminous Passage: The Practice and Study of Buddhism in America. University of California Press. ISBN 0520216970.
- Seager, Richard Hughes (1999). Buddhism In America. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0231108680.
- Spuler, Michelle (2003). Developments in Australian Buddhism: Facets of the Diamond. Routledge. ISBN 0700715827.
- Victoria, Daizen (2003). Zen War Stories. Routledge. ISBN 0700715800.
- Yamada, Koun (2004). The Gateless Gate: The Classic Book of Zen Koans. Wisdom Publications. ISBN 0861713826.
[edit] External links
- Short history page of the Sanbō Kyōdan
- Mountain Moon Sangha of Roselyn Stone, Sei'un An Roshi
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