Yakovlev UT-1
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The Yakovlev UT-1 (Russian: УТ-1) was a single-seater trainer aircraft used by the Soviet Air Force from 1937 until the late 1940s.
Russian plane.]]
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[edit] History
The UT-1 was designed as a single-seater advanced trainer and aerobatic airplane, supplementing the UT-2 two-seater primary and advanced trainer. It was similar to the UT-2 in construction and appearance, but it was smaller. The new plane, just as the UT-2, was designed by Yakovlev's team. The first prototype, designated the AIR-14, was flown in 1935.
After some changes, the AIR-14 was accepted for production. Among other improvements, the 75 kW (100 hp) Shvetsov M-11 radial was changed to the more powerful 86 kW (115 hp) M-11G. The plane received the designation UT-1 (uchebno-trenirovochnyi {учебно-тренировочный}, primary/advanced trainer); despite this designation, it was not suitable for primary training.
The UT-1 was used as a transitional type between the UT-2 and fighters like the I-16. It was difficult to fly, unsuitable for beginners, but easier than the I-16. In 1939, the plane was modified by moving the engine 26 cm (10 in) forward, which improved its handling. During production, the 112 kW (150 hp) M-11E engine was also used. Soviet pilots broke several records on the UT-1 before the war, some on its floatplane variant. In total, 1,241 aircraft were built between December 1936 and 1940.
During World War II, from 1941, the UT-1 was also used for reconnaissance. Some were used as improvised combat machines, after fitting with underwing machineguns or even 2 unguided rockets. In February 1942, about 50 UT-1 were converted in workshops as improvised ground attack planes UT-1B (УТ-1б), fitted with two machineguns and 2-4 rockets. They were next used in the Black Sea Fleet aviation in Sevastopol and Caucasus. The survivors were disarmed in December 1942.
[edit] Variants
Experimental variants:
- AIR-15 (UT-15) - race plane, tested in 1938 by TsAGI
- AIR-18 - UT-1 with a 104 kW (140 hp) Renault Bengali 4 inline engine and closed canopy, not produced serially
- AIR-21 (Ya-21, UT-21) - the AIR-18 with 164 kW (220 hp) Renault Bengali 6 engine, tested in 1938-39
[edit] Description
Mixed construction (metal and woooden) fabric-covered low wing tailwheel monoplane, with open cockpit, 5-cylinder M-11 radial, and two-blade fixed pitch propeller. Conventional fixed landing gear with large aerodynamic covers. In winter it could operate on skis.
[edit] Operators
[edit] Specifications (UT-1)
General characteristics
- Crew: One
- Length: 5.75 m (18 ft 10 in)
- Wingspan: 7.3 m (23 ft 11 in)
- Height: 2.34 m (7 ft 8 in)
- Wing area: 9.58 m² (103 ft²)
- Empty weight: 420 kg (924 lb)
- Loaded weight: 590 kg (1,298 lb)
- Max takeoff weight: kg (lb)
- Powerplant: 1× Shvetsov M-11G air-cooled radial engine, 86 kW (115 hp)
Performance
- Maximum speed: 249 km/h (156 mph)
- Range: 670 km (419 miles)
- Service ceiling 7,120 m (23,354 ft)
- Rate of climb: 444 m/min (1,456 ft/min)
- Wing loading: 61.6 kg/m² (12.6 lb/ft²)
- Power/mass: 0.15 kW/kg (0.09 hp/lb)
[edit] See also
Related development
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