User:Xn4/Sandbox2

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 This is a workpage, a collection of material and work in progress that may or may not be incorporated into an article. It should not necessarily be considered factual or authoritative.

Contents

[edit] Martin Rota

The Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I by Martin Rota
The Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I by Martin Rota

Martin Rota, also Martino Rota and Martin Rota Kolunic (c. 1540 - 1583, Prague) was an engraver from Dalmatia.[1]

Born in about the year 1540 at Sebenico in Dalmatia, little is known of Rota's early life or where he trained as an engraver, but most of his adult life was spent working in Rome and Venice.[1]

[edit] Work

Rota is one of the most significant graphic artists of the second half of the 16th century.[2]

Chiefly an engraver of portraits, his drafting of the human figure is very correct, and he pays particular attention to extremities. He executed plates entirely with the graving tool.[1]

He also engraved paintings by masters of the Renaissance, including Titian, Michelangelo, and Dürer, as well as geographical maps and vedutes.[2]

[edit] Career

By about 1565, Rota was working as an engraver in Venice. By 1573, he had become the court portrait engraver in Vienna.[2]

[edit] Signature

Rota usually signed his plates with his name, but he sometimes used a monogram consisting of a capital 'M' and a pictogram of a wheel (Rota means 'wheel' in Latin).[1]

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ a b c d Bryan, Michael, (revised by George Stanley) A Biographical and Critical Dictionary of Painters and Engravers, from the revival of the art under Cimabur, and the alleged discovery of engraving by Finiguerra, to the present time (London, H G. Bohn, 1849), page 662 online at books.google.co.uk (accessed 4 March 2008)
  2. ^ a b c Treasures - National and University Library, Zagreb online at theeuropeanlibrary.org (accessed 4 March 2008)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

[edit] Antoine Le Maistre

Antoine Le Maistre, engraving c. 1695 by Charles Simonneau after a portrait by Philippe de Champaigne
Antoine Le Maistre, engraving c. 1695 by Charles Simonneau after a portrait by Philippe de Champaigne

Antoine Le Maistre (1608 - 4 November 1658) was a French Jansenist lawyer, author and translator. His name has also been written Lemaistre and Le Maître, and he sometimes used the pseudonym of Lamy.

[edit] Early life

Le Maistre was the son of Isaac Le Maistre and of Catherine Arnauld, who was the eldest daughter of the lawyer Antoine Arnauld (1560-1619) and the grand-daughter of another Antoine Arnauld, seigneur de la Mothe.

Le Maistre’s grandfather, a well known lawyer, defended the University of Paris against charges laid by the Jesuits in 1594 and presented his case so forcefully that his defense has been called the original sin of the Arnaulds. He married Catherine Marion de Druy, and they had twenty children, of whom ten died young. All but one of their ten surviving children were connected with the Jansenist abbey of Port-Royal des Champs. In 1629, Arnauld's widow, Le Maistre’s grandmother, became a nun at Port-Royal de Paris, where she died in 1641.

The young Le Maistre followed in his grandfather’s path and trained as a lawyer.

[edit] Career

Le Maistre quickly became a famous young advocate, but at the time of the civil war called the Fronde he left the bar and retired to Port-Royal at the instigation of Jean du Vergier de Hauranne, abbot of Saint-Cyran, placing himself under Saint-Cyran’s spiritual direction. Le Maistre was then a little less than thirty. He announced his decision in a letter to his father written after three months of reflection. His withdrawal from public affairs displeased Cardinal Richelieu, who was unhappy at the loss of a talented jurist.

On January 10, 1638, Anthoine and his brother Simon Le Maistre settled at Port Royal de Paris. Later the same year, Le Maistre and others, including two of his brothers, established a Jansenist ascetic group known as ’’les solitaires’’ (the hermits) at Port-Royal des Champs, under the spiritual direction of the abbot of Saint Cyran. At the request of Saint Cyran, the brothers Le Maistre took children into their homes to educate them according to Cyranian principles.

The arrest of Saint-Cyran on May 14, 1638 put an end to this life of the ‘’solitaires’’ as educationalists. First of Solitaires, Antoine Le Maistre settled permanently at Port Royal des Champs in August 1639, where he led a quiet and austere life.

He became a friend of Jean Racine and dedicated himself to translation work and to writing the lives of saints.

Early in 1656, as the anti-Jansenist campaign was gaining strength in France, Le Maistre, his uncle, Antoine Arnauld, and the philosopher Blaise Pascal, who had been living at Port-Royal, all went into hiding in Paris. Le Maistre collaborated with Pascal in the writing of his ‘’Les Provinciales’’ (1656–1657), a series of letters written in defence of Arnauld, who was then on trial for his Jansenist views before the Faculty of Theology in Paris.

Le Maistre died on November 4, 1658, after a short illness, leaving a considerable body of work.

His youngest brother was Isaac-Louis Le Maistre de Sacy (1613–84), who was also a student and follower of Saint-Cyran. He was ordained in 1649, became confessor to the nuns and solitaires of Port-Royal and was greatly esteemed as a spiritual director by the Jansenists. At the time of his death, Antoine Le Maistre had begun a new translation of the New Testament. This was continued by Isaac, who became its principal translator, and published in 1667, printed in Amsterdam for a bookseller of Mons, becoming known as the Testament of Mons.[1]

[edit] Likenesses

Le Maistre’s portrait was painted by Philippe de Champaigne and later engraved by Charles Simonneau.

[edit] Related images

Image:Jean_Duvergier_de_Hauranne.jpg