User:XarBiogeek/Chitosan
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
[edit] Discussion on Chitosan from Researchers
M.L.W. Chang (1983). "Dietary pectin: effect on metabolic processes in rats". American Chemical Society Symposium Series (214): 143–154. American Chemical Society.
C. Edwards (1990). "Mechanisms of action on dietary fibre on small intestinal absorption and motility". Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 270: 95–104. Plenum Press.
Y. Fukada, K. Kimura, and Y. Ayaki (1991). "Effect of chitosan feeding on intestinal bile acid metabolism in rats". Lipids 26 (5): 395–399. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg. doi:. ISSN (Online) 1558-9307 (Online).
I. Furda (1990). "Interaction of dietary fiber with lipids--mechanistic theories and their limitations". Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 270: 67–82. Plenum Press. ISSN (Print) 0065-2598 (Print). PMID 1964019.
Refs from http://www.vanderbilt.edu/AnS/psychology/health_psychology/chitosan.htm
With the unavailability of specific research studies to support the claims made on chitosan as a revolutionary weight loss supplements, one must be careful on what is fact and what is speculation. The following are conclusions and specific discussion made from researchers, although take note that their specific studies were not given with precise accounts of their experimentation. It is now generally accepted that soluble dietary fibers increase gastrointestinal lumen viscosity (Edwards, 1990) and delay gastric emptying (Chang, 1983). Chitosans have specifically been shown to alter bile acid composition, increase neutral sterol excretion and reduce ileal fat digestibility (Fukada, 1991; Maezaki, 1993; Razdan & Pettersson, 1994). The mechanisms by which chitosans achieve these effects are not fully established, although increased intestinal viscosity and increased bile acid-binding capacity are two proposals currently favored (Furda, 1990). Since polyglucosamines are the second-most-ubiquitous dietary fiber after cellulose, it is reasonable to assume that much more research regarding the nutritional significance of these important dietary fibers is to be expected (Knorr, 1991). Chitosan has such characteristics that are associated with a dietary fiber which are assumed to be related to the reductions in cholesterol as well as increases in the excretion of neutral steroids observed in animal experiments (Furda, 1990; Ikeda, 1993; Razdan & Pettersson, 1994). Chitosan, which is largely deacetylated, contains cationic groups located on the polyglucosamine chain (Sugano, 1993). Thus, chitosan may have a bile acid-binding capacity, causing entrapment or disintegration of mixed micelles in the duodenum and ileum (Furda, 1990). This interruption in bile acid circulation would lead to reduced lipid absorption and increased sterol excretion. Chitosan is relatively insoluble in water but is soluble in dilute acids, giving rise to highly-viscous dietary fibers (Furda, 1990). It has been suggested that viscous dietary fibers such as chitosan inhibit uptake of dietary lipids by increasing the thickness of the intestinal lumen boundary layer, a proposal again supported by numerous animal experiments (Sugano, 1993; Ikeda, 1993).
Summary: /* Discussion on Chitosan from Researchers */ Paraphrased plagiarized text
