Wright R-1820
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The Wright R-1820 Cyclone 9 was an American radial engine developed by Curtiss-Wright and widely used on 1930s through 1950s aircraft.
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[edit] History
The R-1820 Cyclone 9 represented a further development of the Wright P-2 engine dating back to 1925. Featuring a greater displacement and a host of improvements, the R-1820 entered production in 1931. The engine remained in production well into the 1950s.
The R-1820 was built under license by Lycoming, Pratt & Whitney Canada and also, during World War II, by the Studebaker Corporation. The Soviet Union had purchased a license for the design, designated M-25, and the Shvetsov OKB was formed to further develop the engine.
The R-1820 was at the heart of many famous aircraft including the early Douglas airliners (prototype DC-1, the DC-2, earliest civilian versions of the DC-3, and the limited-production DC-5), B-17 Flying Fortress and SBD Dauntless bombers, the early versions of the Polikarpov I-16 fighter (as M-25), and the Piasecki H-21 helicopter.
The R-1820 also found limited use in armored vehicles in two forms. The G-200 was a 9-cylinder gas-burning radial that developed 900 hp @ 2,300 rpm and powered the M6 Heavy Tank. The Wright RD-1820 was converted to a diesel by Caterpillar Inc. as the D-200 and produced 450 hp @ 2,000 rpm in the M4A6 Sherman.
[edit] Models/Variants
Unit numbers ending in/with 'W' indicate engines fitted with water-methanol emergency power boost system.
- R-1820-1 - 575 hp (429 kW)
- R-1820-80 - 700 hp (522 kW)
- R-1820-78 - 700 hp (522 kW)
- R-1820-4 - 770 hp (574 kW)
- R-1820-F53 -770 hp (574 kW)
- R-1820-33 - 775 hp (578 kW)
- R-1820-G102 - 775 hp (578 kW) , 1,200 hp (895 kW)
- R-1820-F56 - 790 hp (589 kW)
- R-1820-50 - 850 hp (634 kW)
- R-1820-45 - 930 hp (694 kW)
- R-1820-22 - 950 hp (708 kW)
- R-1820-34 - 950 hp (708 kW)
- R-1820-53 - 1,000 hp (750 kW)
- R-1820-G5 - 1,000 hp (750 kW)
- R-1820-G105 - 1,000 hp (750 kW)
- R-1820-G101 - 1,100 hp (820 kW)
- GR-1820-G102A - 1,100 hp (895 kW)
- R-1820-40 - 1,200 hp (895 kW)
- R-1820-60 - 1,200 hp (895 kW)
- R-1820-97 - 1,200 hp (895 kW), Fitted with turbosupercharger
- R-1820-G205A - 1,200 hp (895 kW)
- R-1820-62 - 1,350 hp (1,007 kW)
- R-1820-72W - 1,350 hp (1,007 kW) , 1,425 hp (1,063 kW)
- R-1820-86 - 1,425 hp (1,063 kW)
- R-1820-103 - 1,425 hp (1,063 kW)
- R-1820-74W - 1,500 hp (1,118 kW)
- R-1820-82WA - 1,525 hp (1,137 kW)
Click image for a larger version.
[edit] Specifications
[edit] R-1820-C9HC
General characteristics
- Type: 9-cylinder supercharged air-cooled radial engine
- Bore: 6.125 in (155.6 mm)
- Stroke: 6.875 in (174 mm)
- Displacement: 1,823 in³ (29.88 L)
- Length: 47.29 in (1,200 mm)
- Diameter: 55.12 in (1,400 mm)
- Height: 55.12 in (1,400 mm)
- Dry weight: 1,333 lb (605 kg)
Components
- Valvetrain: Two pushrod-actuated valves per cylinder with sodium-cooled exhaust valve
- Supercharger: Single-stage two-speed centrifugal type supercharger, blower ratio 7.134:1 at low speed and 10.04:1 at high speed
- Fuel system: Stromberg PD12K10 downdraft carburetor with automatic mixture control
- Fuel type: 90 octane
- Oil system: Dry sump with one pressure and one scavenging pump
- Cooling system: Air-cooled
Performance
- Power output:
- 1,300 hp (970 kW) at 2,600 rpm at 4,000 ft (1,220 m) military power
- 1,000 hp (745 kW) at 2,600 rpm at 17,500 ft (5,330 m) military power
- Specific power: 0.71 hp/in³ (32.5 kW/L)
- Compression ratio: 6.55:1
- Power-to-weight ratio: 0.98 hp/lb (1.60 kW/kg)
[edit] G-200-781C9GC1
General characteristics
- Type: 9-cylinder air-cooled radial engine
- Bore: 6.125 in (155.6 mm)
- Stroke: 6.875 in (174 mm)
- Displacement: 1,823 in³ (29.88 L)
- Length: 47.29 in (1,200 mm)
- Diameter: 55.12 in (1,400 mm)
- Height: 55.12 in (1,400 mm)
- Dry weight: 1,350 lb (612 kg)
Components
- Valvetrain: Two pushrod-actuated valves per cylinder with sodium-cooled exhaust valve
- Supercharger: Magneto
- Fuel system: Stromberg carburetor
- Fuel type: 80 octane
- Oil system: Dry sump with one pressure and one scavenging pump
- Cooling system: Air-cooled
Performance
- Power output:
- 825 hp net at 2,300 rpm
- 1830 pound-feet at 2100 rpm
- Compression ratio: 4.92:1
[edit] Applications
- Boeing B-17
- Boeing C-75
- Brewster F2A
- Curtiss SBC Helldiver
- Curtiss SC Seahawk
- Curtiss-Wright CW-21
- Douglas A-33
- Douglas B-18
- Douglas DC-2
- Douglas DC-3 (DST, G-102 and G-202)
- Douglas DC-5
- Douglas SBD Dauntless
- Grumman AF Guardian
- General Motors FM-2 Wildcat
- Grumman Albatross
- Grumman J2F Duck
- Grumman S-2 Tracker
- Lockheed Lodestar
- Lockheed Hudson
- Martin B-10
- North American O-47
- North American P-64
- North American T-28 Trojan
- Piasecki H-21
- Ryan Fireball
- Sikorsky H-34 Chocktaw
[edit] Vehicles
[edit] References
- Bridgman, L, (ed.) (1998) Jane's fighting aircraft of World War II. Crescent. ISBN 0-517-67964-7
- The complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft cover Editors: Paul Eden & Soph Moeng, (Amber Books Ltd. Bradley's Close, 74-77 White Lion Street, London, NI 9PF, 2002, ISBN 0-7607-3432-1), 1152 pp.
- Aircraft Engines in Armored Vehicles. Retrieved on 2006-10-03.
[edit] Related contents
Related developments
- Wright Cyclone family
- Wright R-1300 Cyclone 7
- Wright R-2600 Cyclone 14
- Wright R-3350 Cyclone 18 (Duplex Cyclone)
- Shvetsov M-25
Comparable engines
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