World record progression 100 metres freestyle
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The first World Record in the Men's 100 metres Freestyle in long course (50 metres) swimming was recognised by the International Swimming Federation (FINA) in 1905. In the short course (25 metres) swimming events the world's governing body recognizes world records since March 3, 1991.
Times have consistently dropped over the years due, obviously, to better training techniques and to new developments in the sport.
In the first four Olympics competitions were not held in pools, but rather in open water (1896- The Mediterranean Sea, 1900- The Seine River, 1904- an artificial lake, 1906- The Mediterranean Sea). The 1904 Olympics' freestyle race was the only one ever measured at 100 yards, instead of the usual 100 metres. A 100 metre pool was built for the 1908 Olympics and sat in the centre of the main stadium's track and field oval. The 1912 Olympics, held in the Stockholm harbour, marked the beginning of electronic timing.
Male swimmers wore full body suits up until the 1940's, which caused more drag in the water than their modern swim-wear counterparts. Also, over the years, pool designs have lessened the drag. Some design considerations allow for the reduction of swimming resistance making the pool faster. Namely, proper pool depth, elimination of currents, increased lane width, energy absorbing racing lane lines and gutters, and the use of other innovative hydraulic, acoustic and illumination designs.
The 1924 Olympics were the first to use the standard 50 metre pool with marked lanes. In the freestyle, swimmers originally dove from the pool walls, but diving blocks were eventually incorporated at the 1936 Summer Olympics. The tumble turn ("flip-turn") was developed by the 1950s.
Contents |
[edit] Men
[edit] Long Course
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[edit] Short Course
| # | TIME | SWIMMER | DATE | EVENT | PLACE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 47.94 |  Gustavo Borges |
2 July 1993 | ? | Santos, São Paulo, Brazil |
? |
| 2 | 47.83 |  Alexander Popov |
1 January 1994 | ? |  Hong Kong |
? |
| 3 | 47.82 | Alexander Popov |
5 January 1994 | ? |  Beijing, PR China |
? |
| 4 | 47.12 | Alexander Popov |
12 March 1994 | ? |  Desenzano del Garda, Lombardy, Italy |
? |
| 5 | 46.74 | Alexander Popov |
19 March 1994 | ? |  Gelsenkirchen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany |
? |
| 6 | 46.25 |  Ian Crocker |
27 March 2004 | 2004 NCAA Men's Swimming and Diving Championships | East Meadow, New York, United States |
[33] |
| 7 | 46.25e |  Roland Schoeman |
22 January 2005 | 5th meet of the 2004/05 FINA Swimming World Cup Series | Berlin, Germany |
? |
| 8 | 45.83 |  Stefan Nystrand |
17 November 2007 | 6th meet of the 2007 FINA Swimming World Cup | Berlin, Germany |
? |
[edit] Women
[edit] Long Course
[edit] Short Course
| # | TIME | SWIMMER | DATE | EVENT | PLACE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 53.46 | Franziska van Almsick |
6 January 1993 | ? | Shanghai, PR China |
? |
| 2 | 53.33 | Franziska van Almsick |
10 January 1993 | ? | Beijing, PR China |
? |
| 3 | 53.01 | Jingyi Le |
2 December 1993 | 1993 FINA Short Course World Championships |  Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain |
? |
| 4 | 52.80 | Therese Alshammar |
10 December 1999 | 1999 European Short Course Championships |  Lisbon, Portugal |
? |
| 5 | 52.17 | Therese Alshammar |
17 March 2000 | 2000 FINA Short Course World Championships |  Athens, Attica, Greece |
? |
| 6 | 51.91 |  Libby Lenton |
8 August 2005 | 2005 Australian Short Course Championships | Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
[60] |
| 7 | 51.70 | Libby Lenton |
9 August 2005 | 2005 Australian Short Course Championships | Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
[61] |
[edit] References
- ^ "The 100 metres race", The Times, 1908-07-21, p. 13.
- ^ "Three swimming records", The New York Times, 1910-04-16, p. 13.
- ^ "The 100 metres record", The Sydney Morning Herald, 1912-07-24, p. 9.
- ^ "Hawaiian swims close to record", The New York Times, 1918-08-10, p. 8.
- ^ "Fick, New York Athletic Club ace, clips swim mark", The New York Times, 1934-03-03, p. 16.
- ^ "18-man Yale swimming team sets record in one-mile relay at New Haven carnival", The New York Times, 1935-03-06, p. 26.
- ^ "Fick breaks record in Yale swim meet", The New York Times, 1936-02-12, p. 28.
- ^ "Ford clips swim record", Associated Press, The New York Times, 1944-04-14, p. 23.
- ^ "Ford clips record for 100 free-style", Associated Press, The New York Times, 1948-06-30, p. 35.
- ^ Werden, Lincoln A. "Cleveland and Oyakawa set world swim marks at New Haven", The New York Times, 1954-04-02, p. 33.
- ^ Clarkson, Alan. "Devitt fails by touch in 100m duel with Henricks", The Sydney Morning Herald, 1956-12-01, p. 15.
- ^ Clarkson, Alan. "Devitt's new sprint time surpasses Henricks", The Sun-Herald, 1957-01-20, p. 31.
- ^ "John Devitt shatters three world swim records", The Courier-Mail, 1957-01-29, p. 9.
- ^ "Clark, Stickles set world marks", Associated Press, The New York Times, 1961-08-19, p. 14.
- ^ "Miss Meyer and Walsh break world swim records at Winnipeg", Associated Press, The New York Times, 1967-07-28, p. 23.
- ^ Webster, Jim. "Wenden slashes world record", The Sydney Morning Herald, 1968-10-28, p. 1.
- ^ Litsky, Frank. "Hall, Spitz and Kinsella break world marks as A. A. U. Title swimming ends", The New York Times, 1970-08-24, p. 46.
- ^ "Spitz wins his fourth event in U. S. Olympic Swim Trails", Sports News, The New York Times, 1972-08-06, p. 1.
- ^ Amdur, Neil. "Spitz captures record 6th gold medal", The New York Times, 1972-09-04, pp. 1 & 9.
- ^ "Shaw shatters record for 1,500-meter swim", AP, The New York Times, 1975-06-22, p. 6 of sports.
- ^ "Coan betters world swim mark", AP, The New York Times, 1975-08-05, p. 18.
- ^ "2 world swim marks broken", AP, The New York Times, 1975-08-24, p. 9 of sports.
- ^ "Naber collects 4th swim gold medals", AP, The New York Times, 1976-07-25, pp. 1 and 6 of sports.
- ^ Amdur, Neil. "Top feats by Montgomery, Strachan", The New York Times, 1976-07-26, pp. 15-16.
- ^ Amdur, Neil. "Skinner swims to mark", UPI, The New York Times, 1976-08-15, p. 5 of sports.
- ^ "Freestyle Mark Set", The New York Times, 1985-08-07. Retrieved on 2007-03-31.
- ^ "Another Mark for Biondi", The New York Times, 1985-08-08. Retrieved on 2007-03-31.
- ^ "Best of Biondi", The Times, 1986-06-26, p. 48.
- ^ Lingard, John; Eakins, Bevan. "We smashed you like guitars!", The Sun-Herald, 2000-09-17, pp. 8-9.
- ^ Cowley, Michael. "Hoogie says he's hungry for seconds", The Sydney Morning Herald, 2000-09-20, p. 6 of Olympics.
- ^ "Bernard sets world 100m freestyle record", CNN, 2008-03-21. Retrieved on 2008-03-21.
- ^ LC EC 2008 Official results list (pdf)
- ^ Wilkerson, William. "Men's swim team gets third at NCAAs", The Daily Texan, 2004-03-29. Retrieved on 2007-04-05.
- ^ "Swimming Champion", The Sydney Morning Herald, 1912-07-11, p. 12.
- ^ "Ladies' Amateur Championships - Miss Durack establishes new record", The Sydney Morning Herald, 1915-02-08, p. 13.
- ^ "Dawn Fraser sets world record for 100m", The Sydney Morning Herald, 1956-02-22, p. 11.
- ^ "World swim times fall", The Sun-Herald, 1956-08-26, p. 36.
- ^ Clarkson, Alan. "Five world times made by Lorraine", The Sun-Herald, 1956-10-21, p. 38.
- ^ Clarkson, Alan. "World swim time again to Lorraine", The Sydney Morning Herald, 1956-10-26, p. 8.
- ^ Clarkson, Alan. "3 places again to Australia - Dawn Fraser's swim record", The Sun-Herald, 1956-12-02, p. 43.
- ^ Clarkson, Alan. "Six world records set in 90 minutes", The Sydney Morning Herald, 1958-02-19, p. 15.
- ^ Special reporter. "Unbeaten night for Australia in swim events", AAP, The Sydney Morning Herald, 1958-07-23, p. 16.
- ^ Clarkson, Alan. "Six world times at swimming titles - 3 to Dawn Fraser", The Sydney Morning Herald, 1960-02-24, p. 17.
- ^ Clarkson, Alan. "Fraser, Berry at world swim times", The Sydney Morning Herald, 1962-10-24, p. 23.
- ^ Clarkson, Alan. "Champion's world time in 110 yds", The Sun-Herald, 1962-10-28, p. 67.
- ^ Clarkson, Alan. "Dawn Fraser's shock win to Canadian in 110 yards", The Sun-Herald, 1962-11-25, p. 52.
- ^ Clarkson, Alan. "Fraser and Berry in great form", The Sun-Herald, 1964-03-01, p. 52.
- ^ "Swim contest a spectacular of records", AAP, Reuters, The Sun-Herald, 1971-05-02, p. 107.
- ^ "Shane has done it again", The Sun-Herald, 1972-01-09, pp. 1-2.
- ^ Litsky, Frank. "U.S. woman set 100 freestyle mark", The New York Times, 1992-03-02, p. 5 of sports.
- ^ Lord, Craig. "De Bruijn makes waves", The Times, 2000-05-29, p. 6 of sports.
- ^ Cowley, Michael. "Dutch royal pair continue their reign over royal", The Sydney Morning Herald, 2000-09-22, p. 6 of Olympics.
- ^ Cowley, Michael. "Lenton sizzles to 100m world record", The Sydney Morning Herald, 2004-04-01. Retrieved on 2007-03-31.
- ^ Cowley, Michael. "Henry breaks world record in semi-final", The Sydney Morning Herald, 2004-08-19. Retrieved on 2007-03-31.
- ^ Saltau, Chloe. "Henry can only watch as Lenton grabs world record", The Sydney Morning Herald, 2006-02-01. Retrieved on 2007-03-31.
- ^ "German lays down gauntlet by beating Lenton's world mark", AAP, 2006-08-04. Retrieved on 2007-03-31.
- ^ Published reports indicated that FINA has declined to ratify the record application, as the event the record was originated, the mixed 400 meter Freestyle Relay, is not a recognized event per FINA rules. Accordingly, this time is not a world record and does not count in this progression.
- ^ "New record for Libby in Phelps swim-off", AAP, 2007-04-03. Retrieved on 2007-04-04.; "Libby Lenton's 52.99 Not Ratified as World Record by FINA", Sports Publications International, 2007-04-26. Retrieved on 2007-04-27.
- ^ "Two world records broken at Olympic trials", AAP, 2008-03-27. Retrieved on 2008-03-27.
- ^ "Lenton sets new mark", AAP, 2005-08-08. Retrieved on 2007-03-31.
- ^ "Lenton's in the pink with world record", AAP, 2005-08-09. Retrieved on 2007-03-31.
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