Worcestershire
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Worcestershire | |
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| Geography | |
| Status | Ceremonial & Non-metropolitan county |
|---|---|
| Region | West Midlands |
| Area - Total - Admin. council |
Ranked 34th 1,741 km² (672 sq mi) Ranked 29th |
| Admin HQ | Worcester |
| ISO 3166-2 | GB-WOR |
| ONS code | 47 |
| NUTS 3 | UKG12 |
| Demography | |
| Population - Total (2006 est.) - Density - Admin. council |
Ranked 38th 552,900 318/km² (824/sq mi) Ranked 22nd |
| Ethnicity | 97.5% White 1.1% S.Asian |
| Politics | |
Worcestershire County Council http://www.worcestershire.gov.uk/ |
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| Executive | Conservative |
| Members of Parliament | |
| Districts | |
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Worcestershire (pronounced /ˈwʊstəʃɚ/; listen abbreviated Worcs) is a county located in the West Midlands region of central England. From 1974 to 1998 it was administered as part of Hereford and Worcester.
The county borders Herefordshire, Shropshire, Staffordshire, West Midlands, Warwickshire, and Gloucestershire. To the west, the county is bordered by the Malvern Hills, by which is located the spa town of Malvern. The western side of the hills is in the county of Herefordshire. The southern part of the county is bordered by Gloucestershire and the northern edge of the Cotswolds, and to the east is Warwickshire. The two major rivers flowing through the county are the Severn and the Avon.
Other than the city of Worcester, there are several other small to medium sized towns such as Kidderminster, Bromsgrove, Malvern, Pershore, Evesham and Redditch. In the southern part of the county, the area is still largely rural.
There are many accents and dialects within Worcestershire. The counties' northern commuter towns such as Redditch and Kidderminster have adopted the Birmingham accent, whereas the rest of the county has retained the distinctive West Country accent.
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[edit] History
Main article: History of Worcestershire.
Worcestershire was the site of the Battle of Evesham in which Simon de Montfort was killed (4th August, 1265), and later, in the English Civil War, the Battle of Worcester (1651).
In the nineteenth century, Worcester was a centre for the manufacture of gloves; the town of Kidderminster was a centre for carpet manufacture, and Redditch specialised in the manufacture of needles, springs and hooks. Droitwich Spa, being situated on large deposits of salt, was a centre of salt production from Roman times, one of the principal Roman roads running through the town. These old industries have since declined, to be replaced by other, more varied light industry. The county is also home to the world's oldest continually published newspaper, the Berrow's Journal (established 1690). Malvern was one of the centres of the rise in water-cure establishments in this country, as Malvern water was believed to contain "nothing at all", i.e. to be very pure. [1]
[edit] Local government
Worcestershire's boundaries have been fluid for over a hundred years since the abolition of the form of administration known as the Hundreds, though the continual expansion of Birmingham and the Black Country considerably altered the map. Worcestershire County Council came into existence in 1889 and covered the whole of the traditional county, except two county boroughs - Dudley and Worcester. The county also had many exclaves, completely surrounded by the adjoining counties of Warwickshire, Staffordshire, Gloucestershire, Herefordshire and Oxfordshire. The most noticeable were Dudley and the area around Shipston-on-Stour. In return, Staffordshire, Warwickshire and Shropshire had islands within Worcestershire. These were found at Clent, Tardebigge and Halesowen/Oldbury respectively, though the latter originally was outside Worcestershire for nine-hundred years. The southern boundary of the county was especially confusing, with parish boundaries penetrating deep into Gloucestershire and vice-versa.
Dudley's historical status within the Worcester Diocese and through its aristocracy links ensured to a certain extent that the island was self-governing. Worcester was also self-governing and was known as The City and County of Worcester. During the Local Government reorganisation of 1966, Dudley expanded beyond its historical boundaries and took in Sedgley, Brierley Hill, Coseley and parts of Amblecote, but lost its Worcestershire status and became associated with Staffordshire.
Other areas of Worcestershire including Yardley, Northfield and Kings Heath became part of the county borough of Birmingham (and therefore were considered part of the geographical county of Warwickshire), the surrounding islands to their respective counties, Oldbury to Warley County Borough and St. John's, Warndon, Claines and St. Peter's Parishes to Worcester. The new county borough of Warley was associated with Worcestershire. In return, Worcestershire's expansion was limited to Stourbridge, taking in the majority of Amblecote Urban District, and the designation of Redditch in 1964 as a New town which saw expansion into Matchborough in Warwickshire.
From 1974 to 1998, the middle and southern part of county was combined with Herefordshire and Worcester County Borough to form a single non-metropolitan county of Hereford and Worcester; the County Boroughs of Dudley and Warley along with Stourbridge and Halesowen were incorporated into the West Midlands Metropolitan county. The West Midlands County Council was in existence for only a short period before abolition in 1986. In the 1990s UK local government reform, the decision was taken to abolish Hereford and Worcester, with the new non-metropolitan county of Worcestershire having the historic border with Herefordshire, but still excluding areas in the north in West Midlands.
The post-1974 districts of Redditch, Worcester, Wychavon and Wyre Forest were retained with little or no change. However the Leominster and Malvern Hills districts straddled the historic border: a new Malvern Hills district was constituted covering the Worcestershire part of these.
See also: List of Worcestershire boundary changes
[edit] Physical geography
Worcestershire is a fairly rural county. The Malvern Hills, which run from the south of the county into Herefordshire, are made up mainly of volcanic igneous rock and metamorphic rock, some of which date from before 1200 million years ago. For more on the geology of the Malvern Hills, see the External links.
[edit] Culture, media and sport
The county is home to the Worcestershire County Cricket Club, traditionally first stop on for the touring national side's schedule in England. The Club's players have included Tom Graveney, Ian Botham, Glenn McGrath, Graeme Hick, Kapil Dev, Vikram Solanki, Don Kenyon and Basil D'Oliveira. Worcester Rugby Football Club, the Worcester Warriors, whose ground is at Sixways, Worcester, were promoted to the Guinness Premiership in 2004.
The village of Broadheath, about 6 miles (10 km) North-West of the city of Worcester, is the birthplace of the composer Edward Elgar.
Malvern is the home of the Malvern Fringe Festival, one of the oldest festivals of its kind in the world [2]
By far the largest and most successful football club in the county is Kidderminster Harriers FC. In 2000 they became the first Worcestershire club to compete in the Football League.
The film, Shrek the Third, mentioned Worcestershire as an academy, resembling an American High School.
[edit] Radio
There are two commercial radio stations which broadcast to the county as well as Herefordshire, these are: Wyvern FM, and Sunshine Radio, and one non-commercial local BBC station, BBC Hereford & Worcester. There is also one analogue commercial radio station broadcasting primarily to Kidderminster, Stourport-on-Severn & Bewdley, known as The Wyre following an extensive campaign to bring local radio to the Wyre Forest District. A Community radio station has been licensed within Worcestershire known as Youth Community Radio which aims to broadcast to Worcester, the radio station is brand new and broadcasts on 106.7FM under the name Youthcomm Radio. In addition, there are local and regional analogue and digital radio stations broadcasting into Worcestershire from surrounding areas such as Birmingham, Wolverhampton, Gloucestershire and Warwickshire.
Radio Wyvern has been broadcasting since 4th October 1982, although the name was changed slightly to Wyvern FM following the end of simulcasting on AM and FM in 1996. Radio Wyvern commenced broadcasting on 1530 kHz AM (196 Metres Medium Wave) and 96.2 MHz FM in Worcestershire following a campaign to establish a commercial radio station spearheaded by Severn Valley Radio. It was felt that the name was too Worcestershire-centric and was renamed Radio Wyvern after a mythical dragon or the proposed name for the short-lived County of Hereford & Worcester. The name also symbolises the two major rivers which flowed through the two counties - the River Severn and the River Wye. Radio Wyvern has had a varied history, launching careers of names such as Neil Fox, Eleanor Oldroyd, Jane Garvey and Sybil Roscoe to name but a few. Through its twenty-five years, Wyvern played host to presenters such as, Jonathan Ross, Ruby Wax and Johnnie Walker, although these names arrived at Barbourne Terrace via syndicated means. Wyvern FM is now owned by Gcap Media (formerly GWR Group) and now broadcast via studios at Perdiswell. Following the end of simulcasting on AM and FM, Radio Wyvern launched a new AM service known as Wyvern AM, which was a more adult contemporary service concentrating on playing oldies and melodic music. Wyvern AM was short lived when the company was bought by GWR Group. The AM service was renamed Classic Gold 954/1530 and became an oldies radio station fitting into the Classic Gold Network, until it was sold to Muff Murfin. In 2003, Classic Gold 954/1530 was renamed 'Classic Hits 954/1530' and for a short period became Adult Contemporary, this was soon changed and once again became an oldies radio station. In 2007, Laser Broadcasting acquired Classic Hits 954/1530 and fellow Murfin Media station 'Sunshine 855' from Ludlow. The station was again renamed in 2007 and became Sunshine Radio, complete with daily split programming for Herefordshire and Worcestershire. In September 2008, Sunshine Radio is due to begin broadcasting via DAB Digital Radio across Worcestershire and Herefordshire.
On the 6th September 2007 - the Office of Communications (Ofcom) awarded a DAB Digital Multiplex licence for Herefordshire & Worcestershire to MuxCo (Hereford & Worcester) Ltd. MuxCo aims to provide a number of new radio stations including Shuffle, Smithy Rock, Local Live and Easy Radio. As well as providing a digital platform for Wyvern FM, Sunshine Radio and BBC Hereford & Worcester and area extensions to United Christian Broadcasters (UCB) and the Highways Agency. The new multiplex aims to commence broadcasting from September 2008 utilising three transmitters; two of which are within Worcestershire at Great Malvern and Bromsgrove. Although the applicant has stated that they may extend coverage at a later date via a relay at Headless Cross (Redditch).
Ofcom received two applications; MuxCo (Hereford & Worcester) and Gcap Media (owners of Wyvern FM).
[edit] Economy
This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added of Worcestershire at current basic prices published (pp.240-253) by Office for National Statistics with figures in millions of British Pounds Sterling.
| Year | Regional Gross Value Added[3] | Agriculture[4] | Industry[5] | Services[6] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1995 | 5,047 | 225 | 1,623 | 3,200 |
| 2000 | 6,679 | 159 | 2,002 | 4,518 |
| 2003 | 7,514 | 182 | 1,952 | 5,380 |
[edit] Industry and Agriculture
A large area of the county used to be traditionally devoted to fruit farming and the cultivation of hops; this has decreased considerably since World War II, though in the southern area of the county, around the Vale of Evesham, there are still sufficient fruit orchards that the British Automobile Association signposts a route (the "Blossom Trail") where the orchards can be seen in blossom in spring. Worcester City's coat of arms includes a depiction of three black pears, representing a now rare local pear variety, the Worcester Black Pear. The county's coat of arms follows this theme, having a pear tree with black pears. The apple variety known as Worcester Pearmain originates from Worcestershire, and the Pershore plum comes from the small Worcestershire town of that name, and is widely grown in that area. John Drinkwater, the poet, wrote
Who travels Worcester county takes any road that comes when April tosses bounty to the cherries and the plums
Worcestershire is also famous for a number of its non-agricultural products. The city of Worcester and the surrounding county are best known for Worcestershire sauce such as that made by Lea and Perrins and for its porcelain works. Worcestershire sauce (also known as Worcester sauce) is a savoury sauce made with vinegar, anchovies, molasses, tamarinds, onions and spices, used in flavouring various foods and the Bloody Mary drink which is drunk worldwide. The town of Malvern is the home of the Morgan traditional sports car. The painting, A Worcestershire Cottage by Arthur Claude Strachan is also of general renown.
[edit] Education
Worcestershire has a comprehensive school system with sixteen independent schools including the The Royal Grammar School, Worcester, The King's School, Worcester and Malvern College. State schools in Worcester and the Wyre Forest are two tier primary schools and secondary schools whilst Redditch and Bromsgrove have a three-tier system of First, Middle and High Schools. Sixth-form provision in the county is quite generous.
[edit] Towns and villages
The county town and only city is Worcester. The other major settlements, Kidderminster, Bromsgrove and Redditch are satellite towns of Birmingham. There are also several market towns: Malvern, Bewdley, Evesham, Droitwich Spa, Pershore, and Tenbury Wells.
For a full list of settlements, see list of places in Worcestershire.
[edit] Places of interest
| Key | |
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Abbey/Priory/Cathedral |
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Accessible open space |
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Amusement/Theme Park |
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Castle |
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Country Park |
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English Heritage |
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Forestry Commission |
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Heritage railway |
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Historic House |
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Museums (free/not free) |
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National Trust |
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Zoo |
- Avoncroft Museum of Historic Buildings
- Walton Hill and the Clent Hills
- Malvern Hills - Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty
- Severn Valley Railway
- Wadborough
- Worcester Cathedral
- Great Malvern Priory
- River Teme and valley
- Tenbury Wells with its unique Pump Rooms.
- River Severn at Worcester, River Avon at Pershore or Evesham
- Witley Court at Great Witley. A burnt-out shell of a large English stately home, famous for its gigantic fountain, now restored to working order. Currently run by English Heritage.
- West Midlands Safari Park
- Hanbury Hall
- Forge Mill Needle Museum at Redditch, the only remaining working needle mill in the world.
[edit] Local groups
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- Worcester City
- Worcestershire County Council main site
- History of the Worcestershire Regiment
- Worcestershire County Cricket Club
- Geology of the Malvern Hills
[edit] Footnotes
[edit] References
- "Spa Towns: Malvern" October 27, retrieved June 24, 2006
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