Wolffia

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Wolffia
Many individual Wolffia arrhiza
Many individual Wolffia arrhiza
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Alismatales
Family: Araceae
Genus: Wolffia
Horkel ex Schleid.
Species

9-11, see text

Wolffia is a genus of 9 to 11 species which include the smallest flowering plants on Earth. Commonly called watermeal, these aquatic plants resemble specks of cornmeal floating on the water. Wolffia species are free-floating thalii, green or yellow-green, and without roots. The flower is produced in a depression on the top surface of the plant body. It has one stamen and one pistil. Individuals often float together in pairs or form floating mats with related plants, such as Lemna and Spirodela species. Most species have a very wide distribution across several continents. Wolffia species are composed of about 40% protein, about the same as the soybean, making them a potential high-protein human food source. They have historically been collected from the water and eaten as a vegetable in much of Asia.

Species include:

  • Wolffia arrhiza - spotless watermeal
  • Wolffia borealis - northern watermeal
  • Wolffia brasiliensis - Brazilian watermeal
  • Wolffia columbiana - Columbian watermeal
  • Wolffia globosa - Asian watermeal
Close up of two different duckweeds: Spirodela polyrrhiza and Wolffia globosa. The very tiny Wolffia plants are under 2 mm long
Close up of two different duckweeds: Spirodela polyrrhiza and Wolffia globosa. The very tiny Wolffia plants are under 2 mm long

[edit] References and external links

  • Jepson Manual Treatment
  • USDA Plants Profile
  • Armstrong, W. (2005) Wayne Armstrong's treatment of the Lemnaceae. [1].
  • Cross, J.W. (2006). The Charms of Duckweed. [2]
  • Landolt, E. (1986) Biosystematic investigations in the family of duckweeds (Lemnaceae). Vol. 2. The family of Lemnaceae - A monographic study. Part 1 of the monograph: Morphology; karyology; ecology; geographic distribution; systematic position; nomenclature; descriptions. Veröff. Geobot. Inst., Stiftung Rübel, ETH, Zurich.
  • The Duckweed Genome Project