Witold Urbanowicz
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Witold Urbanowicz (March 30, 1908 - August 17, 1996) was a Polish fighter ace of the World War II. According to the official record, Witold Urbanowicz was the second best Polish fighter ace, with 17 confirmed wartime kills and 1 probable, not counting his pre-war victory. He was awarded with several decorations, among others the Virtuti Militari. He also published several books of memoirs.
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[edit] Biography
Urbanowicz was born in Olszanka, a village near Augustów. In 1930, he entered a cadet flying school in Dęblin, graduating in 1932. Later, he completed an advanced pilotage course to become a fighter pilot. In the 1930s, he flew in fighter squadrons No. 113, then No. 111.
In August 1936, flying an PZL P.11a, he shot down a Soviet reconnaissance plane which had crossed into Polish airspace. He was officially reprimanded and unofficially congratulated by his superior officer and, as "punishment", was transferred to an air force training school in Deblin where he was nicknamed "Cobra".
[edit] World War II
During the Invasion of Poland in 1939, Urbanowicz was in an improvised Ulez Group, comprising of flying instructors. They were flying obsolete PZL P.7a fighters, covering Dęblin and Ułęż airfields. Despite a few encounters with enemy airplanes, the Polish fighters (which could barely match the speed of German bombers) were not able to shoot down any enemy planes. On September 8, the school was evacuated from Ulez and Dęblin.
He was next ordered to go with the cadets to Romania, where they were told to wait for British and French aircraft, which were to be sent there, but it turned out to be just a rumour. Urbanowicz returned to Poland to continue to fight, but after the Soviet invasion on Poland, he was captured by a Soviet irregular unit. The same day, he managed to escape with two cadets, crossed the Romanian border yet again, and eventually found his way to France where, after the fall of Poland, a new Polish army was being formed.
While in France, he and a group of other Polish pilots were invited to join the Royal Air Force in Great Britain. After re-training on British aircraft, he was assigned to No. 145 Squadron RAF, and became operational on August 4, 1940. On August 8, he shot down his first Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighter and on August 12, a Junkers Ju 88.
On August 21, he was transferred to the soon-to-be-famous Polish No. 303 Squadron, flying a Hawker Hurricane as a Flight "A" commander. On September 6, he shot down another Bf 109. On September 7, he became a squadron leader, after Zdzisław Krasnodębski was injured. On September 26, he was officially credited with shooting down four aircraft: two Ju 88s, a Bf 109 and a Messerschmitt Bf 110, and another four three days later: three Bf 109s and one Dornier Do 17. Despite his success, Urbanowicz was never popular at Polish headquarters, and on October 21, he was forced to hand over the squadron command to Zdzisław Henneberg. During the Battle of Britain, he had 15 confirmed kills and 1 probable, which made him the top Polish ace and in the top ten of Allied aces of the battle.
Between April 15, 1941, and June 1, 1941, he commanded the 1st Polish Fighter Wing. Then he was withdrawn to staff work. In June 1941, he was assigned the 2nd Air Attaché in the Polish embassy in the United States.
In September 1943, Urbanowicz accepted an offer to join the USAAF units in China. On October 23, he joined the 75th Fighter Squadron (Flying Tigers). Flying a P-40 Warhawk, he took part in several combat missions. On December 11, he fought against six Japanese Mitsubishi Zeros and shot down two of them. According to his reports, he also shot other airplanes over China, and destroyed some on the ground, but those victories were not officially confirmed.
In December 1943, he returned to the United Kingdom, and later became an Air Attaché in the USA again.
[edit] After the war
After the war, in 1946, he returned to Poland, but was arrested by the communist Służba Bezpieczeństwa secret police as a suspected spy. After his release, he fled to the USA. He lived in New York City, working for American Airlines, Eastern Airlines and Republic Aviation. He retired in 1973. He visited Poland only in 1991, after the fall of communism and again in 1995, when he was promoted to the rank of General. He died in New York City on August 17, 1996).
