Windows 2.1x
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| Windows 2.1x | |
| (Part of the Microsoft Windows family) | |
| Screenshot | |
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| Developer | |
| Microsoft | |
| Release information | |
| Release date: | May 27, 1988 info |
| Current version: | 2.11, March 13, 1989 info |
| Source model: | Closed source |
| License: | Microsoft EULA |
| Kernel type: | N/A |
| Support status | |
| Unsupported as of December 31, 2001 | |
Windows 2.1x is a family of Microsoft Windows graphical user interface-based operating environments.
Less than a year after the release of Windows 2.0, Windows/286 2.10 and Windows/386 2.10 were released on May 27, 1988. These versions can take advantage of the specific features of the Intel 80286 and Intel 80386 processors.
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[edit] Editions
Two editions of Windows 2.10 were released, both of which could take advantage of the Intel processor for which they were designed.
[edit] Windows/286
Windows/286 takes advantage of the HMA to increase the memory available to Windows programs. It introduced the himem.sys DOS driver for this purpose. It also includes support for several EMS boards, although this support is not related to the 80286 processor. The segmented nature of Windows programs is quite suited to the usage of EMS, as portions of code and data can be made visible in the first megabyte of memory accessible to real-mode programs only when the program using them is given control. Microsoft encouraged users to configure their computers with only 256KB of main memory, leaving the address space from 256-640KB available for dynamic mapping of EMS memory.
Despite its name, Windows/286 was fully operational on an 8088 or 8086 processor. Windows/286 would simply not use the high memory area since none exist on an 8086-class processor; however, EMS could still be used, if present. A few PC vendors shipped Windows/286 with 8086 hardware; an example was IBM's PS/2 Model 25, which had an option to ship with a "DOS 4.00 and Windows kit" for educational markets, which included word processing and presentation software useful for students, which resulted in some confusion when purchasers of this system received a box labelled Windows/286 with a machine that was definitely less than an 80286.
[edit] Windows/386
Windows/386 is much more advanced. It introduced a protected mode kernel, above which the GUI and applications run as a virtual 8086 mode task. It allows several MS-DOS programs to run in parallel in "virtual 8086" CPU mode, rather than always suspending background applications. (Windows applications could already run in parallel through cooperative multitasking.) Each DOS application can use as much low memory as is available before Windows is started, minus a few kilobytes of overhead. Windows/386 also provides EMS emulation, using the memory management features of the 80386 to make RAM beyond 640K behave like the banked memory previously only supplied by add-in cards and used by popular DOS applications. (By overwriting the WIN200.BIN file with COMMAND.COM, it is possible to use the EMS emulation in DOS without starting the Windows GUI.) There is no disk-based virtual memory, so multiple DOS programs have to fit inside the available physical memory; therefore, Microsoft suggested buying additional memory and cards if necessary.
Neither of these versions work with DOS memory managers like CEMM or QEMM or with DOS extenders, which have their own extended memory management and run in protected mode as well. This was remedied in version 3.0, which is compatible with VCPI in "standard mode" and with DPMI in "386 enhanced" mode. Windows 3.0 also has the capability of using the DWEMM Direct Write Enhanced Memory Module. This is what enables the far faster and sleek graphical user interface.
[edit] Windows 2.11
In March 1989, Windows 2.11 was released in Windows/286 and Windows/386 editions, with some minor changes in memory management, AppleTalk support and faster printing and updated printer drivers.
Windows 2.11 was superseded by Windows 3.0 in May 1990.
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