Windham Wyndham-Quin, 4th Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl
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Windham Thomas Wyndham-Quin, 4th Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl KP PC (I) (12 February 1841 – 14 June 1926), styled Viscount Adare between 1850 and 1871, was a Irish Peer.
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[edit] Family
The son of the 3rd Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl, he succeeded as 4th Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl in the Peerage of Ireland and 2nd Baron Kenry in the Peerage of the United Kingdom on the death of his father in 1871.
[edit] Education & early career
Dunraven was educated at Christ Church, Oxford. After serving some time as a lieutenant in the 1st Life Guards, a cavalry regiment, he became, at age twenty-six, a war correspondent for the London newspaper The Daily Telegraph and covered the Abyssinian War. In this capacity, he shared a tent with Henry Stanley of the New York Herald. [1] Dunraven then became a special correspondent for a "big London daily" during the Franco-Prussian War in 1870–71. He reported the Siege of Paris, saw the Third Carlist War and war in Turkey, and probably the Russo-Turkish War. Dunraven witnessed both the signing of the Treaty of Versailles which ended the Franco-Prussian War in 1871, and later the signing of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. [1]
[edit] Colorado huntsman
The fourth earl spent a great deal of his leisure time hunting wild game in various parts of the world. [1] Hearing of the fine hunting in the American West and decided to visit Estes Park, Colorado in 1872 and again in 1873. In 1874 he decided to make the whole of Estes Park as a game preserve for the exclusive use of himself and his English friends. By stretching the provisions of the Homestead Act and the rights of preemption, Dunraven claimed 15,000 acres (61 km²) in present-day Rocky Mountain National Park. His efforts resulted in what has been called "one of the most gigantic land steals in the history of Colorado." The coming of more settlers in 1874 and 1875 stopped this wholesale appropriation of land. Although for thirty—three years Dunraven considered the Park his personal property, the settlers did not. Their hostility forced him to give up the game preserve idea. [2]
Dunraven later described the influx of settlers and his consequent plans:
Folks were drifting in prospecting . . . preempting, making claims; so we prepared for civilization. Made a better road, bought a sawmill at San Francisco, hauled the machinery in, set it up, felled trees, and built a wooden hotel. . . .
—Windham Wyndham-Quin
[edit] Tourist enterprise
The noted landscape artist, Albert Bierstadt, induced by Dunraven to paint in Estes Park, helped select the site for Dunraven's 'English Hotel', which was built in 1877. It was situated in a meadow east of the present Estes Park village and was the first strictly tourist hotel built in the Park. The hotel was a three story timber-frame building. There were twelve narrow windows, and a large door opening onto a one-storied, columned porch. The roof of this porch formed an open deck surrounded by a small hand railing. The porch ran the full length of the front of the building and about halfway around each end. [2]
Despite the success of this 'English Hotel and Lodge', the disillusioned Dunraven left the area forever in the late 1880's. He later explained:
People came in disputing claims, kicking up rows: exorbitant land taxes got into arrears; and we were in constant litigation. The show could not be managed from home, and we were in constant danger of being frozen out. So we sold for what we could get and cleared out, and I have never been there since.
—Windham Wyndham-Quin
Dunraven realized it would be impossible for him to control all of the park region and in 1907 sold his property to B. D. Sanborn of Greeley and F. O. Stanley of Estes Park. Stanley would later build the historic Stanley Hotel in Estes Park. Dunraven's 'English Hotel' burned to the ground in 1911. [2]
[edit] Government
He later held office twice as Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies in the Conservative administrations from 1885–86 and 1886–87. During 1888-90 he was chairman of the Commission on Sweated Labour. As a constructive moderate Unionist he sought to bring about a peaceful solution to the Irish land question and to the demand for Home Rule. In 1897 he published The Outlook in Ireland, the case for Devolution and Conciliation which was reprinted in 1907.
Dunraven was a model Irish landlord on his 39,000 acre Adare Manor estate at Adare, co. Limerick and following the initiative of Chief Secretary for Ireland George Wyndham was instrumental in calling and in the formation of the 1902 Land Conference of which he was chairman, representing the landlord side. Together with William O'Brien MP. who represented the tenant side the conference resulted in the enactment of the very successful Wyndham Land Purchase Act (1903) which terminated landlordism and enabled tenants to purchase lands from their landlords under favourable financial provisions. He was as well as president of the Irish Reform Association and a member of the Most Illustrious Order of St. Patrick. [1]
He maintained a famous equestrian stud farm on his Adare Manor estate and experimented in growing tobacco until his factory was burned down in 1916[3] Upon the foundation of the Irish Free State he became a member of thr first Senate in December 1922.
[edit] Sailor
A keen yachtsman, the earl was the owner and co-owner of the 1893 and 1895 America's Cup yachts Valkyrie II and Valkyrie III. [4]
[edit] Death
As he died without a male heir the Earldom passed to a cousin, Windham Wyndham-Quin, 5th Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl, and the Barony of Kenry, which had been created for his father, became extinct. He is buried at St. Nicholas' Church of Ireland[5] in Adare, County Limerick, Ireland. Here is a image of his headstone.
In 1895 he lived at 27 Norfolk Street, then 26 years after his death in 1939 the street was renamed Dunraven Street in his honour. [6]
[edit] Marriage
The fourth earl married Florence Kerr, second daughter of Lord Charles Kerr, first son by his second wife of the 6th Marquess of Lothian.[1] They had three children:
- Lady Florence Enid Wyndham-Quin (13 June 1870 – July 1891)
- Lady Rachael Charlotte Wyndham-Quin (20 February 1872 – 30 January 1901), married Desmond FitzJohn Lloyd FitzGerald, 27th Knight of Glin and had issue
- Lady Aileen May Wyndham-Quin (9 April 1873 – 25 February 1962), married Reginald Brabazon, 13th Earl of Meath and had issue
[edit] Notes
- ^ a b c d e Rocky Mountain Administrative History. NPS.gov. Retrieved on 2007-05-10.
- ^ a b c The Pioneers of the Estes Park and Grand Lake regions. National Park Service. Retrieved on 2007-05-12.
- ^ A Dictionary of Irish History since 1800, D. J. Hickey & J. E. Doherty , Gill & MacMillan (1980)
- ^ Americascup.com - Acclopedia. americascup.com. Retrieved on 2007-06-18.
- ^ FindaGrave. findagrave.com. Retrieved on 2007-05-28.
- ^ ShadyOldLady.com - Guide to London. Retrieved on 2007-11-05.
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Evelyn Ashley |
Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies 1885–1886 |
Succeeded by George Osborne Morgan |
| Preceded by George Osborne Morgan |
Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies 1886–1887 |
Succeeded by The Earl of Onslow |
| Honorary titles | ||
| Preceded by The Lord Emly |
Lord Lieutenant of Limerick 1894–1922 |
Office abolished |
| City of Limerick 1895–1922 |
||
| Peerage of Ireland | ||
| Preceded by Edwin Wyndham-Quin |
Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl 1871–1926 |
Succeeded by Windham Wyhdham-Quin |
| Peerage of the United Kingdom | ||
| Preceded by Edwin Wyndham-Quin |
Baron Kenry 1871–1926 |
Extinct |
