Winchester, Massachusetts

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Winchester, Massachusetts
Winchester Town Hall
Winchester Town Hall
Location in Middlesex County in Massachusetts
Location in Middlesex County in Massachusetts
Coordinates: 42°27′08″N 71°08′15″W / 42.45222, -71.1375
Country United States
State Massachusetts
County Middlesex
Settled 1640
Incorporated 1850
Government
 - Type Representative town meeting
Area
 - Total 6.3 sq mi (16.3 km²)
 - Land 6.0 sq mi (15.6 km²)
 - Water 0.3 sq mi (0.6 km²)
Elevation 62 ft (19 m)
Population (2000)
 - Total 20,810
 - Density 3,446.3/sq mi (1,330.6/km²)
Time zone Eastern (UTC-5)
 - Summer (DST) Eastern (UTC-4)
ZIP code 01890
Area code(s) 339 / 781
FIPS code 25-80510
GNIS feature ID 0618247
Winchester has the two closest train stations in the world. (It is a litte less than a mile between Winchester and Wedgemere Station.[citation needed])
Website: http://www.winchester.us/

Winchester is a town located in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, eight miles north of Boston. Its agricultural and manufacturing roots having mostly disappeared, it is now primarily a suburban "bedroom-community". The population was 20,500 at the 2000 census.

Contents

[edit] History

The land on which Winchester now sits was purchased from Native Americans by representatives of the settlement of Charlestown in 1639, and the area was first settled in 1640. In the early years of the settlement, the area was known informally as Waterfield, a reference to its many ponds and to the river which bisected the central village. In its second century the area was referred to as Black Horse Village, after the busy tavern and hostelry in its center.

Until the middle of the 19th century, present day Winchester comprised parts of Medford, Cambridge, and Woburn. The movement toward incorporation of what by this time was called South Woburn was likely precipitated by the rise of the Whig Party in Massachusetts.* The Whigs sought to split a new jurisdiction away from heavily Democratic Woburn and found enough supporters in the burgeoning village to organize a movement toward incorporation. Representatives of the planned new town selected the name Winchester in recognition of Colonel William P. Winchester of nearby Watertown, who pledged $3,000 toward the construction of the first town hall. Upon the signature of then Governor Briggs, the town of Winchester was officially incorporated on April 30, 1850. Curiously, Colonel Winchester did not live to visit the town that had honored his family name. He succumbed to typhoid fever within months of its incorporation.

The town's early growth paralleled improvements in transportation. Prior to incorporation, the Middlesex Canal, linking the Merrimack River to Boston, was completed through then Waterfield. It flourished from 1803–36, until the Boston and Lowell Railroad completed a line which neatly bisected the town and provided it with two stations. Able to deliver passengers as well as goods, the railroad soon bankrupted the canal and spurred more people to move to the area. The first church was built in 1840, the Post Office followed in 1841, and soon after incorporation town schools were started. Industries small and large followed, including the Beggs and Cobb tannery and the Winn Watch Hand factory which would operate well into the 20th century.

By the time of the Civil War, to which Winchester lent many citizens, the need for a municipal water supply became apparent. Engineers convinced a skeptical public to fund a dam in the highlands to the east of town. The structure blocked the creek which flowed from the Middlesex Fells and produced the first of three reservoirs which continue to provide clear water today.

In the early 20th century, growth continued apace as Winchester evolved from its agri-industrial roots into the bedroom community it remains. A rich mix of immigrants — first the Irish in the northern and eastern neighborhoods, then a smattering of African-Americans who flocked to the New Hope Baptist Church in the highlands, and finally Italians who came to work in the west-side farms and live in the "Plains" to the east — complemented Winchester's Yankee forbears. The constant in these times of change and up to the present has been the public spirited efforts of all to continue to maintain the innate physical charm of the town.

[edit] Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 6.3 square miles (16.3 km²), of which, 6.0 square miles (15.6 km²) of it is land and 0.2 square miles (0.6 km²) of it is water. The total area is 3.97% water.

The town is formed in the shape of a trapezoid whose long axis runs from southwest to northeast. It is roughly bisected by a central valley which is the remnant of the original course of the Merrimack River. After glacial debris effectively rerouted the Merrimack north to its current location, all that remained of its original course through present day Winchester is the Aberjona River and the several ponds it feeds en route to the Mystic Lakes on Winchester's southern border.

On its eastern third, the valley rises steeply into the wooded hills of the Middlesex Fells Reservation, in which lie the North, Middle, and South Reservoirs. The western edge of the valley yields to Arlington and Lexington heights, and the boundaries with those two towns. To the north, the town's longest border is shared with Woburn.

Winchester has several major bodies of water, including the Mystic Lakes, Wedge Pond, Winter Pond, and the Aberjona River, as well as several minor bodies of water such as Sucker Brook and Sachem Swamp.

Winchester borders the following towns: Woburn, Stoneham, Medford, Arlington, and Lexington.

[edit] Demographics

As of the census[1] of 2000, there were 20,810 people, 7,715 households, and 5,724 families residing in the town. The population density was 3,446.3 people per square mile (1,330.3/km²). There were 7,908 housing units at an average density of 1,309.6/sq mi (505.5/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 93.10% White, 0.68% African American, 0.14% Native American, 4.62% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.27% from other races, and 1.17% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.01% of the population.

There were 7,715 households out of which 35.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.1% were married couples living together, 8.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.8% were non-families. 21.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.13.

In the town the population was spread out with 25.7% under the age of 18, 3.9% from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 26.0% from 45 to 64, and 17.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 88.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.9 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $94,049, and the median income for a family was $110,226. Males had a median income of $75,157 versus $44,316 for females. The per capita income for the town was $50,414. About 1.3% of families and 2.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.0% of those under the age of 18 and 2.3% ages 65 or older.

[edit] Education

McCall Middle School from the rear, showing Manchester Field.
McCall Middle School from the rear, showing Manchester Field.

[edit] Public schools

Winchester has five elementary schools (Ambrose, Lincoln, Lynch, Muraco, and Vinson-Owen), one middle school (McCall Middle School), and one high school (Winchester High School). Winchester provides a quality educational environment that is reflected in their MCAS scores.

[edit] Private schools

The Children's Own School, in Winchester, is among the earlier surviving Montessori schools in the United States. The building it occupies, a former farmhouse, is considered locally historic. It was founded by Dorothy Gove in the 1920s. Ms. Gove was an acquaintance of Maria Montessori, giving her a firsthand opportunity to learn the Montessori concept of learning. Today the school operates as a private, non-religious, Montessori school for children of ages three to six, with classes of up to 25 children.

St. Mary's School is a parochial school of St. Mary's Parish, which opened 134 years ago. The school opened in 1914 and has over 200 students in grades pre-K through 5. The building also serves as the Sunday school for the parish during Sunday services.

[edit] Transportation

Winchester has two stops on the MBTA Commuter Rail Lowell Line: Wedgemere and Winchester Center. The stops are in easy walking distance of one another. The latter is much closer to the town center, hence the name.

There are bus lines going through Winchester to adjacent communities such as Medford, Arlington, and Cambridge. Bus route #134 runs between North Woburn and Wellington Station on the MBTA's Orange Line near Revere/Malden. Bus route #350 runs from the Burlington Mall to Alewife station in Cambridge on the MBTA's Red Line. A commuter express bus runs from Cummings Park in Woburn to Boston during rush hours. Nearby Anderson Regional Transportation Center off I-93 (Commerce Way exit) has Logan Express shuttle bus service to Boston's Logan Airport every 30 minutes. and free shuttle service to the Manchester, N.H. Airport for ticketed passengers every two hours.

The commuter rail from Lowell goes to Boston's North Station, where one can connect with the "T", Boston's subway system.

[edit] Winchester today

Just as its town government of Selectmen and Town Meeting members has remained essentially unchanged for most of its existence, so has Winchester's flavor little departed from the place that a 1970s survey listed as "one of the top fifteen suburbs" in the nation**. Since completion of the present Winchester High School in 1972, and with population growth leveling off, town leaders have had more time and funds to devote to maintaining than molding Winchester's character.

Across the Main Street bypass from the high school sits the Jenks Seniors Center. Town-developed housing for seniors continues to flourish across from Wedge Pond, home to Borggaard Beach, a popular swimming spot. The Kiwanis Club hosts its annual fishing derby on the pond, while the Rotary Club runs its busy auction nearby. Adjacent to the beach are the Packer Tennis Courts, comprising some sixteen clay courts, unusual for a public facility. The EnKa Society, a continuation of a once-defunct high school society, continues to raise money for the Winchester Hospital and other community groups and activities through its annual street fair and carnival. And every year, as for over a century, thousands of sports fans attend the annual Thanksgiving Day football contest between Winchester High School and their rivals from Woburn.

[edit] Town services

There is no municipal trash pickup in Winchester. The town operates a dump off Swanton Street on McKay Avenue, just northeast of the town center. Residents currently pay $175 per family annually for a permit to drop off their trash there.

The facility is actually a transfer station because trash is not disposed of at the site; rather the town pays to have it trucked away for incineration or dumping. Although it costs as much to operate the conveniently named "dump" as it would curb-side trash pickup, the Selectmen decided that the social interaction of citizens at the site outweighed the convenience of a more conventional trash service. Local political candidates even make occasional appearances at the dump on Saturdays, shaking voters' hands and handing out literature.

The site started as a primitive landfill in the 1940s and '50s. "Going to the dump" was a Saturday ritual for many families that dated back to when it was a real 'dump' or landfill. In the 1960s, a gas-fired incinerator was built on one side of the property. The remainder of the property was used for non-combustible waste such as appliances and metal. The incinerator was forced to shut down in the 1970s because of environmental concerns about the untreated smoke from the incinerator's furnace. With the closure of the incinerator, the site was converted to the transfer station that it is now.

Other town services include full-time police and fire departments, the Winchester Board of Health, the Town Clerk, the Post Office, Water & Sewer Dept., and the Public Works Department.

[edit] Sister City

Winchester is the sister city of Flag of France St. Germain-en-Laye, France.

[edit] Notable residents

[edit] Footnotes

  1. History of Winchester, Massachusetts by H.S.Chapman and Bruce W. Stone (1936,1975)
  2. Ladies Home Journal, Aug., 1975

[edit] References

1852 Map of Boston area showing Winchester and the Middlesex Canal.
1852 Map of Boston area showing Winchester and the Middlesex Canal.
  1. ^ Find a County. National Association of Counties. Retrieved on 2008-01-31.

[edit] External links

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Municipalities and communities of
Middlesex County, Massachusetts
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