William Sansom Vaux

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William Sansom Vaux (May 19, 1811 - May 5, 1882) was an American mineralogist.

Vaux was born in Philadelphia. He became a member of the Academy of Natural Sciences in 1834, and served it in various capacities in the next forty-eight years, including vice-president. He was also a member of the Zoological Society of Philadelphia and one of the original members of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He made several trips to Europe to collect mineral specimens, and by his death his collection was considered to be the finest in the United States. He bequeathed his mineral and archaeological collections to the Academy, along with his library and an endowment for their preservation.

He is commemorated in the name of Vaux's Swift, which was first discovered by his friend John Kirk Townsend.