William Phillips (diplomat)

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William Phillips (May 30, 1878 — February 23, 1968) was a career United States diplomat who served twice as an Undersecretary in the State Department.

Phillips was born in Beverly, Massachusetts. He attended Harvard College in 1900 and graduated from Harvard Law School in 1903. His first political job was working as a secretary in London to Joseph Hodges Choate, the United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom. Cholate was a friend of Phillips' family and also from Massachusetts.

Phillips subsequently went to work for the Ambassador to China in Beijing. In 1908, while in China, he was assigned to set up the State Department's Division of Far Eastern Affairs and was made its first chief. In 1909 however, he returned to work in London.

In 1917, he was appointed as Assistant Secretary of State under President Woodrow Wilson and remained in that position until 1920, when he was made the Minister Plenipotentiary to Netherlands and Luxembourg (in residence in the Netherlands).

From 1922 to 1929, he was made Under Secretary of State. In 1924, he was appointed as Ambassador to Belgium, where he remained until 1927, when he became the first Minister to Canada, until 1929.

In 1936, he was appointed as the Ambassador to Italy, under Benito Mussolini, to smooth over relations after that country's invasion of Ethiopia. He resigned on December 6, 1941, five days before Italy declared war on the United States. The following year, he was made chief of the United States Office of Strategic Services in London.

In October of 1942, Phillips was appointed as a personal Ambassador to Franklin D. Roosevelt, serving in India. (The United States would not have an official Mission there until the country's Independence in 1947.) Phillips was said to be extremely unpopular with the British due to his pro-Independence views. In 1943, he was made as a Special Advisor on European political matters to then-General Dwight D. Eisenhower, with the rank of Ambassador.

Phillips retired officially in 1944 but returned briefly to diplomatic life in 1945 when he was made a special assistant to Secretary of State Edward R. Stettinius. In 1946, he served on the Anglo-American Committee on Palestine, opposing the British plan for partitioning the country. In 1947, he was unsuccessful in mediating a border dispute between Siam and French Indo-China.

[edit] References

• William Phillips, Former Ambassador, Dies at 89. New York Times. New York, N.Y.: Feb 24, 1968. pg. 27, 1 pgs

Diplomatic posts
Preceded by John E. Osborne	United States Assistant Secretary of State 1917 – 1920	Succeeded by Fred Morris Dearing
Preceded by John W. Garrett	United States ambassador to Luxembourg 1920 – 1922	Succeeded by Richard M. Tobin
Preceded by John W. Garrett	U.S. Ambassador to the Netherlands 1920 – 1922	Succeeded by Richard M. Tobin
Preceded by Henry P. Fletcher	Under Secretary of State 1922 – 1924	Succeeded by Joseph C. Grew
Preceded by Henry P. Fletcher	United States ambassador to Belgium 1924 – 1927	Succeeded by Hugh S. Gibson
Preceded by None	United States ambassador to Canada 1927 – 1929	Succeeded by Hanford MacNider
Preceded by William R. Castle, Jr.	Under Secretary of State 1933 – 1936	Succeeded by Sumner Welles
Preceded by Breckinridge Long	United States ambassador to Italy 1936 – 1941	Succeeded by George Wadsworth Chargé d'Affaires ad interim