William Henry Leonard Poe

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William Henry Leonard Poe
Born January 30, 1807(1807-01-30)
Boston, Massachusetts
Died August 1, 1831 (aged 24)
Baltimore, Maryland
Occupation Sailor
Clerk
Amateur poet

William Henry Leonard Poe, often referred to as Henry Poe, (January 30, 1807 – August 1, 1831) was a sailor, amateur poet and the older brother of Edgar Allan Poe and Rosalie Poe.

After the death of their parents, the three Poe children were split up: Henry lived with family in Baltimore, Maryland, while Edgar and Rosalie were cared for by two different families in Richmond, Virginia. Before the age of 20, Henry traveled around the globe by sea before returning to Baltimore and becoming a published poet and author. One of his works, "The Pirate", was a fictionalized account of his brother's relationship with Sarah Elmira Royster in Richmond. Henry died of tuberculosis in 1831 at the age of 24.

Henry Poe was an inspiration to his brother's life and writings. Edgar Allan Poe for a time used the alias "Henri Le Rennet", a name inspired by Henry. Henry's influence on Edgar's writing include a character in the novel The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket and the name of the title character in the poem "Lenore".

Contents

[edit] Biography

Poe and Clemm family tree
Poe and Clemm family tree

William Henry Leonard, who went by the name Henry,[1] was born circa January 30, 1807, to traveling actors Eliza Poe and David Poe, Jr., four months after their troupe began performing in Boston.[2] Their second son, Edgar, was born on January 19, 1809, and a daughter, Rosalie, was born in December 1810.[3] Some time before July 1809, however, David Poe had deserted his family, though little is known about his disappearance. He may have died in Norfolk, Virginia on December 11, 1811.[4] Eliza Poe died of tuberculosis on December 8, 1811, leaving her three children as orphans.[5]

During their mother's illness, Henry had been left in the care of his paternal grandparents[6] while Edgar and Rosalie had been cared for by actor friends of their parents, namely Mr. and Mrs. Luke Usher.[7] The children were likely at Eliza's side as she died. Henry described her "long... last farewell" to them and was given a lock of her hair to remember her.[8] After the death of Eliza, the three children were split up. Henry went back to his grandparents in Baltimore, Maryland while Edgar went to live with a foster family, the Allans of Richmond. Rosalie was adopted by the Mackenzies, also of Richmond.[9]

Henry kept in touch with his younger brother Edgar sporadically as they grew up, often through letters but once he even visited Edgar in Richmond in the 1820s.[10] There, Edgar introduced his brother to his childhood sweetheart, Sarah Elmira Royster.[11] Edgar's foster-father John Allan also corresponded with Henry. In one letter, dated November 1, 1824, Allan apologized that Edgar was slow in writing a letter to Henry, complaining that his foster-son "had little else to do, for he does nothing... The boy possesses not a Spark of affection for us, not a particle of gratitude for all my care and kindness towards him."[12]

Before the age of 20, Henry served in South America and elsewhere on board the U. S. S. Macedonian.[13] As a crewman aboard the Macedonian, a frigate, he also visited the West Indies, the Mediterranean, and Russia. In 1827, he returned to Baltimore to live with his grandmother, his aunt Maria Clemm, and his two cousins Henry Clemm and Virginia Clemm.[1] Around this time, Henry was described as a "slim, feeble, young man with dark inexpressive eyes" who possessed a "singular personal beauty".[14]

[edit] Writings

In Baltimore, while working at a law office, Henry developed his interest in writing. He wrote verse inspired by Lord Byron into the albums of local young women and gave recitations.[15] The May 19, 1827, issue of Baltimore's North American, or, Weekly Journal of Politics, Science, and Literature published Henry's "Dreams", a poems which laments the difference between the dream world and reality.[16] The October 27 issue of the same periodical published Henry's short story "The Pirate", a fictionalization of his brother's love affair with Royster.[1] The main character was named Edgar Leonard, a combination of the names of the two brothers, who pursues a woman named Rosalie, a name borrowed from their sister. The Edgar Leonard character says: "I lost my parents at an early age... and was left to the care of a relation."[17]

One of Henry's poems, titled "Original", was virtually identical to one of Edgar's early poems published in Tamerlane and Other Poems, now known as "The Happiest Day, The Happiest Hour".[17] Edgar wrote "The Happiest Day, The Happiest Hour" while he was serving in the Army. He sent the poem to Henry, who had it published in the September 15, 1827, issue of the North American.[18] Henry's poems generally have themes of melancholy, despair, and feature women who die and abandon their loved ones who dream of their reunion. Many are so similar to Poe's early work that they may have been collaborative efforts.[19]

[edit] Death

Grave marker for David Poe, Sr., grandfather of William Henry Leonard Poe. The stone also marks the Poe family plot at Westminster Hall and Burying Ground, where William Henry Leonard Poe is buried.
Grave marker for David Poe, Sr., grandfather of William Henry Leonard Poe. The stone also marks the Poe family plot at Westminster Hall and Burying Ground, where William Henry Leonard Poe is buried.

Henry, who was a heavy drinker and may have been an alcoholic,[20] died of tuberculosis on August 1, 1831,[10] in Baltimore, likely in the same room or even the same bed which he shared with his brother Edgar.[21] He was 24.[19] Henry was buried at what is now Westminster Hall and Burying Ground, where his brother would be buried several years later.[22] Henry's obituary misspelled his name as "W. H. Hope".[23]

[edit] Influence

Edgar Allan Poe was very close to his brother, as he wrote: "there can be no tie more strong than that of brother for brother - it is not so much that they love one another as that they both love the same parent."[24] Edgar occasionally used the alias "Henri Le Rennet", a French version of his older brother's name. He was also inspired by his brother Henry's travels, often incorporating some of his stories from overseas into tellings of his own life story.[13] The character of August Barnard in Edgar's novel The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket (1836) seems to be inspired by Henry, especially in his travels across the sea and his drinking.[25] Poe may have also transformed his brother's name into the title character in his poem "Lenore".[26]

[edit] Further reading

  • Allen, Hervey and Thomas Ollive Mabbot. Poe's Brother. New York: George H. Doran Company, 1926.
  • Brenner, Rica. 12 American Poets Before 1900. Freeport: Harcourt, 1933.
  • Thomas, Dwight. and David K. Jackson. The Poe Log. Boston: G.K. Hall & Co, 1987.
  • Wood, Clement. The Poets of America. New York: E.P. Dutton & Co, 1925.

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b c Sova, Dawn B. Edgar Allan Poe: A to Z. New York: Checkmark Books, 2001: 193. ISBN 081604161X
  2. ^ Silverman, Kenneth. Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance. New York: Harper Perennial, 1991: 5. ISBN 0060923318
  3. ^ Silverman, Kenneth. Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance. New York: Harper Perennial, 1991: 6–7. ISBN 0060923318
  4. ^ Meyers, Jeffrey. Edgar Allan Poe: His Life and Legacy. New York: Cooper Square Press, 1992: 5–6. ISBN 0815410387
  5. ^ Sova, Dawn B. Edgar Allan Poe: A to Z. New York: Checkmark Books, 2001: 192. ISBN 081604161X
  6. ^ Stashower, Daniel. The Beautiful Cigar Girl: Mary Rogers, Edgar Allan Poe, and the Invention of Murder. New York: Dutton, 2006: 35. ISBN 052594981X
  7. ^ Meyers, Jeffrey. Edgar Allan Poe: His Life and Legacy. New York: Cooper Square Press, 1992: 6. ISBN 0815410387
  8. ^ Silverman, Kenneth. Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance. New York: Harper Perennial, 1991: 8. ISBN 0060923318
  9. ^ Meyers, Jeffrey. Edgar Allan Poe: His Life and Legacy. New York: Cooper Square Press, 1992: 7. ISBN 0815410387
  10. ^ a b Meyers, Jeffrey. Edgar Allan Poe: His Life and Legacy. New York: Cooper Square Press, 1992: 61. ISBN 0815410387
  11. ^ Silverman, Kenneth. Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance. New York: Harper Perennial, 1991: 30. ISBN 0060923318
  12. ^ Meyers, Jeffrey. Edgar Allan Poe: His Life and Legacy. New York: Cooper Square Press, 1992: 19–20. ISBN 0815410387
  13. ^ a b Silverman, Kenneth. Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance. New York: Harper Perennial, 1991: 37. ISBN 0060923318
  14. ^ Silverman, Kenneth. Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance. New York: Harper Perennial, 1991: 82–83. ISBN 0060923318
  15. ^ Silverman, Kenneth. Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance. New York: Harper Perennial, 1991: 83. ISBN 0060923318
  16. ^ Sova, Dawn B. Edgar Allan Poe: A to Z. New York: Checkmark Books, 2001: 73. ISBN 081604161X
  17. ^ a b Silverman, Kenneth. Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance. New York: Harper Perennial, 1991: 84. ISBN 0060923318
  18. ^ Sova, Dawn B. Edgar Allan Poe: A to Z. New York: Checkmark Books, 2001: 103–104. ISBN 081604161X
  19. ^ a b Silverman, Kenneth. Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance. New York: Harper Perennial, 1991: 85. ISBN 0060923318
  20. ^ Silverman, Kenneth. Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance. New York: Harper Perennial, 1991: 125. ISBN 0060923318
  21. ^ Kopley, Richard and Kevin J. Hayes. "Two verse masterworks: 'The Raven' and 'Ulalume'", The Cambridge Companion to Edgar Allan Poe. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002: 195. ISBN 0521797276
  22. ^ "Poe in Baltimore", Edgar Allan Poe Society online. Accessed May 24, 2008.
  23. ^ Allen, Hervey. Israfel: The Life and Times of Edgar Allan Poe. New York: Farrar & Rinehart, Inc., 1934: 260
  24. ^ Kopley, Richard and Kevin J. Hayes. "Two verse masterworks: 'The Raven' and 'Ulalume'", The Cambridge Companion to Edgar Allan Poe. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002: 194. ISBN 0521797276
  25. ^ Silverman, Kenneth. Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance. New York: Harper Perennial, 1991: 135. ISBN 0060923318
  26. ^ Silverman, Kenneth. Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance. Harper Perennial, 1991: 202-203. ISBN 0060923318

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