Wilbur S. Jackman
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Wilbur Samuel Jackman is considered the originator of the nature-study movement (Bailey, 1904). He was born in Mechanicstown, Ohio January 12, 1855. Shortly thereafter, his family moved to California, Pennsylvania where he spent his boyhood growing up on a farm. It was his childhood experiences that engendered him with a love of the outdoors and all the plants and animals that live there.
Jackman continued his education at the California (Pennsylvania) Normal School and graduated from there around age 20. He then continued his education at Harvard University and graduated with a bachelor’s degree from Harvard in 1884 (Kohlstedt, 2005). On his way home after graduation he stopped in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania where he was promptly offered a job to teach natural science to high school students (Bright, 1907; Tufts, 1907). It is while he is teaching high school in Pittsburgh that he formulates the nature-study idea (Bailey, 1904).
He was found at the high school in Pittsburgh by Colonel Francis W. Parker in 1889. He was invited by Parker to join the faculty at the Cook County Normal School in Chicago. In the fall of 1890, Jackman published bimonthly pamphlets that were 75 pages each titled “Outlines in Elementary Science.” In the spring of 1891, these pamphlets were synthesized into the important book published that allowed the whole world to learn about nature-study in his book Nature-Study for Common Schools (Jackman, 1891). After this, he continued to refine his ideas of nature-study in different publications (Jackman, 1894, 1904).
In 1904, Jackman was appointed dean of the growing School of Education of the University of Chicago (formerly the Cook County Normal School). He also served in this time as editor of the journal Elementary School Teacher.
Jackman died suddenly at the young age of 52 from what was diagnosed as pneumonia (Bright, 1907).
[edit] References
http://www.brocku.ca/MeadProject/Mead/pubs/Mead_1908h.html
http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Jackman.html
http://www.wildonions.org/ChicagoResource/HydePark-Resources.htm
Bailey, L. H. (1904). The nature-study idea: Being an interpretation of the new school-movement to put the child in sympathy with nature. New York: Doubleday, Page & Company.
Bright, O. T. (1907). Wilbur S. Jackman. Elementary School Teacher, 7(8), 433-438.
Jackman, W. S. (1891). Nature-study for the common schools. New York, NY: Henry Holt and Company.
Jackman, W. S. (1894). Field work in nature study (second ed.). Chicago, Illinois: A. Flanagan.
Jackman, W. S. (1904). The third yearbook of the National Society for the scientific study of education Part II nature-study. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
Kohlstedt, S. G. (2005). Nature, not books: Scientists and the origins of nature-study movement in the 1890s. Isis, 96, 324-352.
Tufts, J. H. (1907). The significance of Mr. Jackman's work. Elementary School Journal, 7(8), 443-446.
