User:Will Geist
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THE THEORY OF NATURAL SYSTEMS
The study of Nature is as old as Mankind, and essential for his survival. But in today’s Information Age the resulting Theories of Natural Systems have grown to transcend their classical roots. By embracing and unifying such diverse fields as physics, biology and philosophy, they may in this century revolutionise not only science but also the practice of medicine. In contrast to current science they focus on the things we care about most. For a human being these may include love, happiness, health, curiosity, courage, intelligence, conscious awareness, freewill, initiative, etc. For any organism it is how it uses its brain to make happen the things most important to its life and survival.
NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL SYSTEMS
The theories of natural systems are a recent and encompassing addition to the extensive work on systems thinking [2],[3],[4],[5].
The study of systems has hitherto been applied in diverse fields by specialists tending not to interact with each other in interdisciplinary fashion. Hence the definition of systems varies with the different authors. To appreciate this see the excellent series of Wikipedia articles under the headings: Theories of Systems, Cybernetics, Systemics, Theories of Everything, Integral Theories, as well as their . related links such as Self-organising systems, Holism, Consciousness, Free Will, Qualia [1],[2],[3],[4],[5].
For the present discussion a natural system is an identifiable being (a reality). Though composed of components it is clearly distinct from them. Indeed it is their mutual network of interactions, their organization, that gives the entity the distinct nature (properties) by which we recognize and distinguish it. [21],[25],[28],[29].
In other words:
a) the system has an identity, the manifestation of self, each being distinct from others, b) the system has components but its existence is clearly distinct from them, c) the components are meaningfully related among themselves. They are organized
and
d) The ability or agency that creates and maintains this organization can be termed control-energy, for it establishes and maintains control of the very nature (identity) of the entity, creature or organism. To do this it needs to process information in a qualitative and relevant way. Thus the energy of control-energy is an abstraction that fundamentally differs from that of physics, while encompassing and extending it.
Natural systems are more dependent on the energetic interrelations among their components than upon the components themselves. This is specially manifested in biosystems where there is a continuous turnover of components and an interchange of resources with the outside. The creature is preserved despite the total replacement of its material body. Not so when the interrelations collapse [21, 24]. Then, although every body element may remain intact, the biosystem ceases to exist. Organisation has gone.
The surroundings of the system and external relations to it are not part of the system for they are not direct and immanent cause of the system and of its organization.
Natural systems and artificial systems differ by the character of the interrelations among their components. While the components of artificial systems are held together by force of nuts, bolts or other material agents, the whole structure of a natural system is interconnected by its own energetic resources. A computer, however complex, is an artificial system while the simplest molecules, cells or biosystems are natural systems.
All detectable realities of Nature are natural systems. The ultimate elements or units of reality (not made up of components) will never be known due to the fact - expressed by Heisenberg [6] - that they are inaccessible to instrumentation and scientific knowledge relies on such data.
Thus, a theory of reality must be a theory of natural systems. Hence the theory of natural systems offers answers to those of us who have long pondered the nature of reality [10],[38],[40],[44]]. Is reality that which is tangible, accessible only to our five senses? We know from daily experiences that this is too limited a view of reality. We treasure the value of abstractions like love, loyalty, honesty, integrity, courage. But to what extent do we ponder the ramifications of this astonishing mental leap into the world of intangibles? The philosophical implications are huge and will fundamentally expand the current narrow and short-sighted view taken by physics, which so carefully ignores all these intangibles about which we care so much and our lives revolve. Present day science says it cannot solve an equation that gives me a NUMBER for the amount of love, hope, courage, inquisitiveness, consciousness or freewill there is – so NONE of these things exist. But a stone DOES exist: I can count them!
IDENTITY, A LINK BETWEEN THE ABSTRACT AND THE CONCRETE.
Identity [7], [8], an abstract notion which gives a thing or creature its very nature, making it unique and different to all others can be considered the essence of the system equated to its own existence. Man’s identity is a permanent essential feature as opposed to man’s material components that are accidental features that are continuously being substituted by other ones without impairing his identity.[40], [42]
The notion of identity is implicit in the quantum theory finding that matter and energy appear in discrete amounts named quanta [9]. This quantum finding, therefore, accepts separateness in the existence of matter and energy. This implies the notion of identity at the elementary level. The identity of things and creatures may be the evolvement of that elementary identity notion provided that a theory will offer a rational evolvement process. Many theories have attempted this with but little success. But the theory of natural systems offers such a model based in reality’s content or faculty to process information.
This is a fundamental departure from the reductionist vision of contemporary physics to a more encompassing philosophical approach of physics that considers identity, - an abstraction - to be an essential part of reality [10]. Consequently, and following quantum logic and its empirical findings, the present theory envisions reality as natural systems in which the concrete and the abstract are organised inseparably as parts of each other.
ABSTRACT FACULTIES OF REALITY
The theory of natural systems sees the necessity to expand the framework of physics – now focused on the concrete level of reality - to the abstract level of reality to explain order, organization, evolution and the biological world. It argues that for physics to be the study of concrete phenomena and of the causes of concrete phenomena its paradigm [11] should embrace abstract realities, such as the self-control of systems and biosystems [25] and even the wills that creatures such as ourselves employ when we decide to move our fingers [24].
Despite the sophistication of the theories of physics and the complexity of its mathematical equations there is no way that these might bridge the abysm between concrete properties and abstract faculties of reality. The immaterial has been, long ago, prematurely and radically, cut off from the basic principles of physics notwithstanding that the abstract as well as the concrete are two equally valid and self-evident aspects of reality. [24]
Thus, the theory of natural systems postulates that all reality - starting at its most elemental and unknowable level - has the essential [12] capabilities of freedom of decision or will [24], the intelligence to make meaning out of information and the drive to associate with other compatible realities (reference [13] uses sentient and phenomenology as equivalent terms).
These capabilities are of abstract character, just like identity is. But they are essential [12] to all things and creatures (although manifested in different degrees of evolvement). They are required in view of: 1) the order and organization of the Creation that displays intelligent processing of information and association, 2) the wide spectrum of evolvement found in today’s universe from elementary particles to complex organizations. This spectrum requires from reality the ability to have freedom to act or not to act at each step of the cosmic evolution.
The unassociated matter populating the cosmic spaces expresses not the lack of social drive but the paramount fact that freedom of decision is inviolable. Physical reality is free to decide the use of any of its capacities including its intelligence and essential urges for association; it may err or remain isolated.
These faculties or capabilities are essential to natural reality sine qua non its existence and its character cannot be justified.
COSMIC EVOLUTION
The process of evolvement of reality should be one and the same across the whole universe. This is required for the universe to be consistent with itself instead of being made up of patches described by different theories and ruled by laws applicable to each particular one. Although physics describes the order and organization of the universe, it is unable to explain it nor has it produced a consistent universal process that describes cosmic evolution from the elementary level to the biosystems. It leaves to chance’s blind forces of disharmony and disorder, incapable to process information, the job of organizing the cosmos and powering its intricate control.[43]
In our era of information this is untenable and incredible. All reality is information including its abstract faculties indirectly knowable by their effects.
The theory of natural systems advances a radically opposed and rational scheme. By association of elementary particles and energies new systems with more information are created and new identities spontaneously arise.[21].
This required self-organisation requires intelligence able to make meaning of the information contained within the system. It is a stronger power of decision than the components alone have and becomes enough to decide and control the system. The evidences for this are the objects we daily see around us. A new system is in fact a new being with new structure and functions, and more dependent on the energetic interrelations among its components than upon the components themselves.
This universal process avoids the inexorable theological alternative of a Creator continuously occupied in creating souls for mankind and vital energies for each of His creatures.
THE UNANSWERED QUESTIONS
The essential faculties of reality and universal process of evolvement may well end the questions of when, where and how freedom to act and intelligence to interpret information appears in the fabric of the universe. It may even end the prevalent absurdity to attribute to blind chance the order and organization of the cosmos.[43].
Chance [14] is not a reality but rather a virtual mental construct. It describes an action producing an order in total absence of intelligence to draw meaning from information. The probability of that to happen is practically zero. Either a) the action resulting in order is decided upon and the correct interpretation of information is used or b) the action is decided against the right interpretation of information, or indeed free from any such considerations at all, and therefore will produce disorder.
The emerging theory of natural systems long ago illustrated the absurdity of the origin of life by chance. For example half a century ago Professor Charles Eugene Guye [14] calculated the volume of substance necessary to make a protein of molecular weight = 2,000 (2000 times the weight of the H nucleus) by chance. By his calculations it would be approximately a sphere of elemental materials with radius 1082 light years. The radius of the universe is of the order of 10 10 light years. This amounts to a sphere 1072 times the size of the universe and one full of raw materials (our universe is for the most part empty) to make such protein, whose weight, incidentally, is less than the simplest one in the human body. Even if all the universes and supplies were gathered into this sphere, still the collisions among atoms to react need to occur. The minimum estimated time for these collisions was 10243 billion years. As the life of the universe is around 20x109 years, chance should have been working on making that protein during a time equivalent to 10 233 (10 followed by 233 zeros) universe’s lives before the Big Bang but without materials because, presumably, no materials existed before that.
The theory of natural systems envisions a cause of evolution far more efficient and speedy than chance; reality itself with its will, intelligence and drive for association.
The theory of natural systems eliminates the rickety and ad hoc bridge between the so-called inanimate and animate worlds. The faculties of the animate world are seen as a natural evolvement of the same faculties ingrained already at the simplest level. The theory illustrates that the external control exercised by natural systems is due to the essential need of the system to exist when complexity and order increases.[21] This occurs with a local decrease of entropy. The intelligence (to interpret such need) and the will for control (to preserve existence) rest in the abstract level of the system as well as in the organization they produce. Neither of these is in the realm of the concrete where entropy reigns. This is the problem faced by all precedent theories of systems even naturalistic ones [13], to explain the abstract cause of action in terms of the concrete resulting action. The quantum theories [6], [9], [21] are affected by the same problem, relying on mathematical equations (mere numbers even if based in concrete variables) to describe reality.
There is no concrete stick to measure the abstract, but it can be evaluated by its resulting effects which is a valid methodology if there is a rational scientific model connecting the concrete with the abstract. This is what the theory of natural systems offers.
Quantum theories are subject of multiple interpretations none satisfying the mystery of natural reality. If the concrete reality escapes scientific knowledge according to Heisenberg’s quantum equation [6], it should be no wonder that also abstract reality will escape scientific knowledge. The theory of natural systems opens the blinds predicting the annihilation of our universe, upon reaching a maximum of entropy. A fatal end will not be caused by such maximum entropy because our universe is Creation in itself by virtue of the anti-entropic processes of association and evolvement.
The model of cosmic evolution offered by the theory of natural systems is based in the processing of concrete and abstract information. Reality evolves via its universal drive of free association of compatible components of matter and energy. Association starts at the elementary level and proceeds with strict precision throughout harmonious interconnections. Thus, evolution is propelled by reality itself and under the same rules for the whole cosmos.
Under the present notions of physics there is no possibility to explain biosystems or evolution. Dr. Ilya Prigogine admits that much in his philosophical views despite that he was awarded the Nobel Prize (1977) for his work in dissipative structures (very low entropy structures that at very low temperatures may originate some incipient order) and entropy. [15], [16], [17], [18].
MODEL OF COMPLEXITY.
The capacity to exercise control of external resources is ingrained in organized structures. A natural system needs to exercise external control to maintain self control and its very existence.
The capability of complex systems to self-organise has been observed and remarked upon by many authors, notably [21], [33], [46], [47]. The resulting computer models have formed the science of self-organising systems notably at the Universities of Pennsylvania, Calgary and elsewhere [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39] and at the Santa Fe Institute, New Mexico and companies (Bios Group) set up to apply these ideas to the solution of business problems. The following model of increasing complexity of reality merely illustrates the inescapable need of the system to control external resources to maintain and evolve its organization. The system interprets this need and acts upon it using faculties that rest on the abstract level. Let's consider an imaginary group of indivisible energetic elements A, B, C, D, etc. that complies with these conditions:
a) All the elements of the group have the same amount of energy. b) Each element is related to all others, and each pair of elements shares a single bond or relation. c) All bonds carry the same amount of energy independently of direction, shape or trajectory of the bond. d) Each element contributes equal energy to the bond, named Ex (for external energy), leaving it in a state with internal energy Ei (for internal energy). Naming Et the total energy of the elements before binding, it can be established that Et = Ex + Ei.
This simplistic imaginary model is far from being a physical reality but the deductions made upon it are valid for our purpose. Take a series of groups (as defined above) each having one elemental unit more than the previous group. Starting with the first group of two elements, the next will have three, the following four, etc. Plot a graph of the sum of energies of each group's elements (on the Y axis) versus the number of elements of the group (on the X axis) Figure No. 1. Assuming that each element has energy OP, the first system's energy (2 elements) shall be represented by point Q in which: OQ = 2OP. The next group's energy (3 elements) will be 3OP. The points of every group's energy will fall in the straight line QT. This is an upper limit approximation because a fraction of the energy goes into the binding and consequently the line should be likely curved as QT'. The sum of the energy of the bonds in each system produces a line similar to PG starting on S if the energy carried by a single bond is OS. The energy OG grows rapidly due to the fact that the number of relations increases at an accelerated pace while the elements on the groups increase one by one. This has been well studied by many authors, notably Kauffmann [21],{34},[36] in his theories of autocatalytic systems and elsewhere. The formula for the number of interrelations is N(N-1)/2 for each element relates to N-1 others (and does not relate to itself) [21]. The total number is divided by 2 for every relation has been counted twice. The AB relation was counted from A to B and later from B to A . No matter how small the energy of interrelations could be, after a sufficient number of elements, the two lines will cross at a point C, which correspond to a number of elements which we will name Nc for critical number. Critical number Nc indicates the number of elements when the total energy of all the mutual bonds is equal to the sum of the energy of the elements Nc.Et. A group with a number of elements greater than Nc will have a net of interrelations with energy superior to that of all elements considering that the bonds are stable. It is obvious that this is not possible if the group is not able to control and obtain energy from outside of the system. (Figure No. 1). The alternative to obtain energy by annihilation of some element to support the bonds would be self-defeating as the element eliminated is part of one of the bonds already created. Its elimination would cripple the bond.
Therefore, if the group exceeds the critical number Nc it must obtain energy from outside to exist, it must develop control of external energy, a new power absolutely needed for its existence.
Note - In defining Nc we considered the elemental units and their immediate bindings thus giving the graph of Fig. No. 1. It can be seen that the actual number of relations is far greater than the number plotted in the graph that considers only the first round of bonds. The lines of the graph will cross much sooner by taking into account the number and energy of all interrelations which are greater than the number and energy of the first round bonds alone. Thus, the actual critical number Nt is far smaller than Nc, the preliminary one.” That is external control is due also to the internal organization of the system.
The integration of a system depends on internal controls that originate external control when without external energy its existence would collapse. It is undeniable that organized matter can exert a forced control on non- or less- organized matter. Living creatures use their environments to obtain food, energy, joy, and means of reproduction. Such absorption of negative entropy or information is not due to the principle of conservation of entropy (entropy is a measure of dispersal of energy akin to disorder), as present theories predicate, but just to the opposite; it is the local breaking of such principle by the creation of order, organization and natural systems [19],[20],[21]. That is, the creation of reality demands a localized decrease in entropy as reality is organized information itself.
Summarising:
1. When the number of the system's elements is superior to Nt, the energy of the interrelations exceeds the total energy of the elements combined. Therefore, the interrelations quantitatively control the elements. [21] 2. To support interrelations the system must exert external control of energy (forced control) upon other elements or systems alien to its intrinsic nature (as living systems do to obtain energy by breathing, eating, killing predators, etc., for survival).
ENERGY AND INFORMATION
Energy, the capacity to do work is defined by contemporary physics as a scalar quantity that appears in different forms including matter. The principle of conservation of energy demands that energy, in the course of phenomena within isolated systems, be converted one form to another without being created or destroyed. This quantitative approach of energy, refers to artificial systems and natural phenomena that lead to an increase of entropy (randomness, dispersion of energy). The theory of natural systems revises this incomplete notion in view of the essential faculties of natural systems and information. There is nothing unusual on this. Through the years novel forms of energy are added when theories so require as is the present case.
The theory of natural systems amplifies the notion of energy endowing it with a qualitative factor based in its content or capability to process information, a faculty common to all reality, therefore to all forms of energy. In this qualitative aspect of the energy is based the anti-entropic action (negentropy) of natural systems and phenomena that cause order, structure and evolution.
The functioning of a natural or artificial system depends on its content of or capacity to process information, its so-called intelligence, which is measured by bits [11] of information. We are familiar with statements such as : " A bacterium contains a few million bits of information, this computer has several million or so many billion bits of information, the human genetic code reaches some 20 billion bits of information (2.109), or the human brain counts with some 30 trillion bits of information (3.1013)”.
Those apparently accurate measurements carry the crucial error of modern physics of identifying natural intelligence, such as that of atoms, molecules or any creature, with artificial intelligence such as that of computers. Although both types of systems rely on information, the intelligence of the simplest natural system is responsible for its own organization and for its evolvement to superior ones. In contrast, even the most complex of computers lacks the understanding of information, self determination, self support and drive to associate that allows for organization and evolvement. Computers have no other intelligence than that of the engineer that designed them. They do not make judgments. Their tasks are reduced to matching patterns installed on them by a computer expert. They are not yet self-supporting and don’t function if not plugged into an electric outlet. They do not evolve as natural systems do, rather, in time, they will rust and disintegrate without ever having acquired any of the abstract attributes essential to natural systems.
Present day physics is the physics of the artificial, of a universe governed by external forces exerted upon reality. With a more incisive vision the theory of natural systems incorporates the internal and abstract resources of reality governing itself to the present limitations. Such a new look at reality allows for an understanding of the hitherto excluded biological world [22],[23].
SOLUTION TO THE MAXWELL’S PARADOX.
Natural intelligence and synthetic intelligence are essentially different. Natural intelligence arises from elemental essential intelligence, essential freedom of decision and willed association. Synthetic intelligence is installed by chained mechanisms.
There is a degradation of energy and increase of entropy in the operation of synthetic intelligence as opposed to the ability of natural intelligence and natural action to create order by decreasing entropy locally. Maxwell devised a mental construct to create order out of disorder, which is impossible under the laws of physics that equates physical reality with the concrete. It goes as follows. A box filled with molecules at random has a wall that divides it in two sections. The wall has a small door and a minuscule demon opens and closes it allowing to enter in one section of the container the swifter molecules. The slower ones remain in the other section. After a while an order has been established (the most energetic molecules segregated from the others) which signifies an increase of order and a decrease of entropy. This is contrary to the second law of thermodynamics that expresses the necessary degradation of energy in all physical processes. The paradox was never satisfactorily solved and never will be because the demon's intelligence and willed action had been disregarded and that is an essential factor of that action. The proposed solutions do not take into account the demon’s intelligence and power. Indeed for the theory of natural systems the Maxwell’s demon that creates order out of disorder is not outside of the molecules guiding their traffic. It is inside of them. The demon is the intelligence and power of the molecules that trigger their action. And where this demon is, the second law of thermodynamics and/or increase of entropy certainly does not apply! Thus, the Maxwell paradox that requires an intelligent and active demon to create order comes to illustrate that reality is itself the demon that has the intelligence to process information and the power to decide action.
INTERNAL ENERGY OF BIOSYSTEMS.
The theory of natural systems explains the evolvement of energies within natural systems up to the apex, the will that controls the system, on the same bases of interpretation of information and association that govern cosmic evolution. Interrelations among concrete components originate energetic bonds with more informational content than the individual components and such bonds in turn interrelate to evolve more informed ones, which also bond with others to originate energies escalating in informational content up to the integral control of the system, the will. The will contains information of all and every element of the system – concrete components and energies - and the power to control all of them.
Thus, the regulation of Nature’s evolution and the evolvement of energies within the systems is one and the same [43]. It is based in the processing of information and free association of matter and energy.
DEMATERIALISATION AND COMPLEXITY.
The theory of natural systems points out that dematerialization of energy (the conversion to things abstract) within biosystems occurs with the increasing complexity of the evolved energies.
We may recognize this process of de-materialization by complexity in the formation of ideas. This may be better understood by considering the following example. To see for instance a flower, is to print it on the retina as a photographic machine would do. The sensorial print is a concrete molecular reality that via certain biological processes becomes an image with less concrete character than the molecular print. The image-energy is stored some place in the biosystem and when recalled it will reflect only the image of the original flower. With the vision of several other flowers, the mind forms the idea of the flower. The idea-energy-flower has the power to recognize any flower whatsoever to be a flower, without relation to color, shape or volume. It is an abstraction devoid of any concrete features, or representation of concrete features. It is thus far more powerful than images of flowers! It is a more complex pattern of energy with more information than the image-energy, because it embraces information not of one flower, but of all flowers, even those not yet seen! The above sequence of events shows that the process of abstraction within biosystems is rather familiar and parallel to the increasing complexity of energy within the system. When internal energies become more complex they also become more abstract, more independent of physical agents and therefore less detectable by instrumentation [24],[42]. But this does not mean that they do not exist. To the contrary, they are more informed and more powerful realities than the concrete matter-energy. The theory of natural systems provides an energetic model that crosses the abysm between the will and the result of its commands. It explains the voluntary control of physiological responses. We move our finger, a concrete reality, by a command of the will - an abstract reality. Both these realities (will and fingers) are entirely separate and distinct, both because of their structure and by the different complexity and nature of their energies.
THE SCALAR NOTION OF ENERGY IS INSUFICIENT.- CONTROL ENERGY.
Electrical, magnetic, acoustic or sound energy cannot generate the abstract concept of even a single idea. Nor can ideas be described by the numbers that solve a quantum equation. Such concrete energies as these lack the amount and quality of information evolved within biosystems and conveyed by the idea. Without considering the qualitative aspect of the energy, the evolvement of energies within biosystems and their dematerialization and increased power due their informational complexity, there is no way to explain reality, biofunctioning, evolution, or the anti-entropic phenomena responsible for the order and organization of the cosmos.
The qualitative aspect of the energy based on information needs to be introduced in physics as a fundamental concept [23].
This concept can be further illustrated as follows::
Take two elemental particles A and B that are supposed to be indivisible. Therefore when they interrelate as in chemical compounding the bond is interpreted as sharing of the energetic units A and B back and forth to their original provinces. Mathematical formulations treat energy as an amorph quantity independent of the path or origin of the energy or its content of information. According to this approach the energy of the bonds will be merely the sum of the A and B energetic contributions to it. However, because elemental matter-energy is endowed with capacity to have characteristic behaviour – which means make decisions and meaning out of information - the situation of a real event is entirely different. Since the binding of elemental matter A and B is a sharing of these same undivided elements, the bond AB is of the same type (referring to essential features of energy of A and B). Consequently the bond also carries the capacity to make free decisions and meaning out of information. In addition these capacities would be qualitatively and quantitatively superior to the capacities of A and B for they deal not with a single unit A (or B) but with both A and B as we shall see now. A decision made (action taken) by the bond AB decides both for A and for B. Such action (to decide for A and for B) neither single element A nor B has the capacity to do. Each decides exclusively for itself before bonded. Thus in terms of quantitative control, the bond's energy is superior to each of the A and B energies for its decisions subordinate two elements instead of one. The increase of power when information increases is easy to explain with our imaginary model assigning, as this theory does, a qualitative aspect to the energy as follows: If elements A, B and C have different content of information but equal quantity of energy a bond AB will decide for A and for B but not for C. Not only because C is not contained in the bond but because the bond AB lacks the inherent powers to interpret C's information which is not contained in bond AB. Similarly bond AC will decide for A and C but not for B for the same reasons. In other words, bond AC is energy alien, external to B, that can only exert a forced control upon B, not an intelligent one. There is thus a qualitative distinction between the bonds AB and AC despite both having the same quantity of energy. Their inherent decisions are based on their content of information. Thus energy has a qualitative aspect based on its informational content. It has an inherent control (I repeat not to be confused with forced control that is external to the bond) based upon solely its energetic informational content. Its content of information gives the energy its qualitative aspect that determines when its decisions (its behaviours) are voluntary or forced controls. The significance that a system makes of a set of information depends on the type and amount of such information. The bond AB receives information from A and from B therefore contains the information of both. It has more information than either element. It has evolved a power to make meaning of more complex information and to make decisions for more information. Also its decision, just for being better informed, is more powerful. That is information imparts power, inherent control. Inherent control cannot be attributed to the present notion of amorph energy considered unrelated to information [24].
Upon these new concepts it becomes appropriate to change the conventional name of energy to a new name control-energy. This term reflects both the quantitative and the qualitative aspects of the energy.
Systems confronting and competing for external control of energy must assert a hierarchic rank of forced energy. The external control among natural systems will depend on both the quantitative and qualitative aspects of their energies.
Summarizing:
1. The interrelations (control of elements and of bonds) depends on their amount of energy and specific information. 2. Forced control among natural systems will depend on their quantitative and qualitative energetic capabilities.
PYRAMID OF BOND ENERGIES WITHIN A SYSTEM.
Going back to the imaginary model of complexity and critical number Nc we have:
“If elemental energetic units relate, why not the bonds which are also energies"? For they are located in a more crowded situation with more occasions and better access to social relations. Certainly they should, and that would result in a new round of bonds each containing information from the two or more initial bonds that originate it. That is there would be a “second round” of bonds; information from a total of four elements. These bonds should be more powerful than the previous ones and able to control the bonds they linked, and the elements contained in these bonds. These second round bonds also intertwine among one another creating new relations, new bonds, that will continue their inter-binding even more actively because of the number of bonds that originated them (the second round bonds). Each round of bonds is superior to those of the previous round; the environment is more crowded, the encounters more frequent. The production of successive bonds would escalate increasingly faster and easier because the successive conditions will be ever more favorable. Finally a supreme stage of binding will produce the ultimate round of bonds containing the maximum information of the system, all elements participating in each of these bonds.
These control-energies of the bonds in escalating strata of power and information content can be described as inverted pyramids. Each such pyramid starts at the control-energies of the first bonds and grows to include the entire control-energies of all the bonds of the group or organism.”
TOTAL CONTROL-ENERGY OF SYSTEMS: THE WILL
Each of these ultimate bonds discussed above should be quantitatively and qualitatively powerful enough to subdue every element and bond of the system for they contain all of them (just as the water molecule subdues the activities of H and O molecules). These ultimate bonds having identical informational content presumably will interrelate with no alternative left but to fuse into a single total control-energy of magnified intensity where all the control-energies will become engulfed in ONE united control: the will of the system. By its own constitution this unified energy control will have the capacity to control its components and bonds at all times.
Such total control-energy would be extraordinarily powerful in relation to the rest of the bonds and components because now we are not dealing with the control-energy of one single bond - even the most powerful one - but with the integration of all the ultimate bonds which are the most numerous, best informed and loaded with the greatest amount of energy. A grandiose resonant effect! The organization of the system. The will by all means will control the system! The will of living beings is equivalent to the ultimate control-energy of their biosystems.
POTENTIAL NUMBER OF RELATIONS.
Let's get a rough idea of the potential number of interrelations in an imaginary system of N elements.
We name the first round bonds Class-1 bonds, the second round bonds Class-2 bonds, in general the xth round bonds Class-x bonds, and the ultimate round bonds Class-n bonds.
It was said above that the number of immediate first round bonds was: N(N-1)/2. [21]
In complicated systems where N is very big this formula can be simplified for calculations to N2/2 as N will be much greater than 1.
The final layer of bonds will not bind to produce NEW different bonds for all contain the same components, but one can assume that they will fuse into one resonant bond of all these Class-n bonds.
The phenomenon of resonance among agents, such as oscillators that vibrate with equal frequency, or are coupled, is well known (as in lasers, holography and image-forming instruments etc) and has been extensively studied as coherence, mode locking, critical coupling etc, [49], [50], [51], [52], [53]). One agent's impulses build the amplitude of the waves emitted by the others thus greatly increasing the intensity of them. Similarly it might be assumed that Class-n bonds will resonate enhancing the effect of each bond.
INFORMATION CONTENT OF THE BONDS
The content of information of the bonds is calculated on the basis of information theory in reference [24]. However we can see already that when N (the number of elements) is sufficiently large the magnitude of these numbers defies imagination despite the fact that the initial content of information on the initial elements may be small. Try to imagine the amount of information lodged in real biosystems whose initial elements may already contain a colossal amount of information! The physical expression of it could well be the expression of the intangible and undeniable realities emotions, intelligences and wills of living creatures.[24].” (Figure 2 illustrates the round of Class-1 Bonds in a system of 8 elements and Figure 3 in a system with 32 elements).
This is an imaginary model based in the mathematical evolvement and integration of concrete and abstract energies assuming that abstract information will follow the same mathematical rules that apply to concrete information. Mathematical equations are virtual constructs not the mirror of abstract reality. The model offered by the theory of natural systems attempts to reflect the actual evolvement and integration of real energies – concrete and abstract - within natural systems.
Reality itself and its functioning can be evaluated by the resulting concrete effects but never will be known by observation or measurement as in the empirical approach of science [24].
The theory of natural systems abandons the deterministic wired-in processes that caused phenomena and substitutes them with processes regulated by control-energy fields up to the integral control-energy that governs the system: the will.
Consciousness and mind are vague concepts, hard to define and to link to the concrete. The numerous theories on consciousness [42] or attempts to explain the mind/body link [44] do so in terms of the concrete, not yet even defining the abstract or when, how and where the abstract had appeared in the vast scheme of the universe. [26], [27], [28], [29]. The quantum theories going further concede real existence of a full evolved consciousness to collapse the wave function of elemental reality. Moreover, in a circular reasoning, those quantum equations, which intend to interpret reality, create miraculously virtual or actual realities. The theory of natural systems rejects these false constructs of reality. Reality is solely originated by Nature itself at least since any Big Bang.
The model offered by the theory of natural systems defines a most useful and evaluable item: the will. The will in the simplest of particles is defined as a specific field of energy of immediate evaluation by its concrete effects and free decisions to act, harmoniously most of the time, with its surroundings; its behaviours.
The will of natural systems, is caused by the integration of control-energies evolving from simpler ones and escalating by a rational mathematical process tested on the concrete and widely used in computer science [46], [47]. Nothing is left to chance. The exception is left to the exercise of free will that reality has. Thus, the theory of natural systems explains the feedback regulation of Nature and the speed of the processes involved [41].
Universal evidence of quantitative and qualitative control, forced as well as inherent to systems, supports the existence of control-energies. We see organized systems all around us. Indeed they are the only entities we bother to name!
CLINICAL AND GENETIC BIOFEEDBACK.
Clinical Biofeedback refers to the therapies to voluntarily control the physiological functions that were once called involuntary. However when real-time feedback information is provided to the patient the control of these functions may well come under our control. . Clinical Biofeedback has remained for a long time an art or working tool whose mechanisms were not understood. This is because of attempts to understand it without the benefit of a model linking the abstract faculty, the will, to the concrete energy of molecules and cells. Thus is the logical result of science for will has no place within its current framework. Despite the broad field of Clinical Biofeedback therapies, which today extended to the control of heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, skin temperature, muscle tension, hypertension, pain, etc., Genetic Biofeedback, the branch of Clinical Biofeedback that aims to explore the voluntary control of DNAs, has hardly been discussed. Yet at the same time there is mounting awareness that the DNA within cells does far more than was previously thought in the initiation, control of disease [45], [48]. Herein may lie the cures for Cancer and AIDS and other “incurable” diseases.
The theory of natural systems changed the above “incurable” assumption.. It explains the control of voluntary action and gives to Clinical Biofeedback the theoretical foundations badly needed for half a century. In biosystems the integral control-energy, the will, subordinates all elements of the system and can be guided by feedback information - either sensorial or by instrumentation - to control the so called involuntary actions.
Clinical Biofeedback has achieved the voluntary control of the most varied physiological functions when the resulting activity does not conflict with the harmonious regulation of the biosystem. The extraordinary efficacy and the high degree of precision of Clinical Biofeedback were proven by the landmark experiments of. Dr. J.V. Basmajian [30], [31]. He demonstrated that a subject can select and control one cell out of the 10 billion cells in the brain at will when feedback - real time - information is provided to him. Dr. Basmajian selected one motor unit composed of a group of muscular cells and one single nerve-cell that activates them. The instantaneous information obtained from this motor unit allowed the subject to voluntarily control his muscle activity. That is, to control the single nerve-cell that enervates it, and therefore the action of its DNA.
Biology has adopted the basic materialistic and reductionist dogmas of physics and in doing so it can deal with concrete biological functions such as the chemical and thermal exchanges of cells. But as regards wills, intelligences, feelings or memories of biosystems it remains mute. On the energetic interrelations described by the theory of natural systems are founded the theoretical grounds for Clinical and Genetic Biofeedback.
CHRONIC GENETIC DISEASES.
The theory of natural systems considers the possibility of the cure of chronic genetic diseases such as cancer or severe genetic immunity deficiencies like AIDS. That this is impossible by present medical treatments – with their traditional "burn you, poison you, cut you" protocols – is obvious and sadly supported by half a century of medical failures to produce such cures and by the devastating epidemic of AIDS. The unproven assumption behind this attitude ignores the scientific facts established by Dr J.V. Basmajian and others,[30], [31]. It prefers the blind and unsubstantiated assumption that it is impossible to localize single abnormal DNAs and to provide them with the information and inductive power to correct their wrong programs. Because of this attitude mankind lacks now and would lack for ever this capability ingrained in the human body by the kind of cosmic evolution that modern science not only cannot reproduce but also cannot understand.
Let’s dwell on details:- DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a molecule found in almost all body cells that by the information encoded on its genes determines the chemicals that the cells will produce. Thus, cellular function and structure is mainly due to DNA activity, and DNA damage (disorganization)will result in cellular malfunction. Not all the genes, and especially their mutual interactions, in the DNA human cells have been identified. Damage to DNA routinely occurs at a rate of 1,000 to 1,000,000 lesions per cell per day. These lesions are actively repaired by DNA processes embraced here under the term of genetic immunity. (This term was first coined by Maria Gaydos). Genetic immunity shall be distinguished from the so named immunity, which refers to the physiological processes an organism operates and activates against infectious agents that may cause diseases [32]). The amount of information contained in the DNA is colossal, superior to that of any other known molecule, and its rate of reaction is in the range of 10-6 to 10-8 seconds. These are resources far in excess of any possible chemotherapy existing or to be devised. When the resources of DNAs fail to perform the self-monitoring and self-repair tasks, as happens in cancer, more powerful resources of information and energy might be tapped to activate genetic immunity. These resources are embodied in the matrix of energies that orchestrate the DNAs functioning, which in turn is subordinated to the will of the system, according to the theory of natural systems. This matrix is named PA-CO for pattern-control ] [24]. In the voluntary control of PA-CO may rest the only possible cure of cancer, and in general chronic genetic diseases and genetic immunities deficiencies.
The goal of Genetic Biofeedback, thus, is to trigger at will the genetic immunity of DNAs somehow dormant in the malfunctioning or abnormal DNAs. This approach radically differs from the well-trodden road of immunotherapy that seeks the destruction of malfunctioning cells. Genetic Biofeedback aims at the restoration of these abnormal cells.
PA-CO, MATRIX OF GENETIC ENERGIES.
The theory described in references {23],[24] attempts a description of PA-CO as follows in Chapter XI {24}.
An organism starts at conception from a single cell containing one DNA. This parent cell divides in two and subsequent divisions brings the number of cells to about 2 raised to power n , n being the number of generations at maturity. An adult man has more tjhan 5 times 2 power 12 cells containing identical encoded information in their DNAs. However cells differentiate in terms of their location and they activate different sets of DNA information for their particular tasks to perform thereby.
For cell differentiation to occur DNAs have to communicate with each other by energetic interrelations. If we consider that each DNA communicates with all other DNAs in the system we will realize the immense complexity and extraordinary power of the net of DNAs’ interrelations. That energetic matrix of relationships that the theory of natural systems names PA-CO contains information of each of the DNAs and their locations. Besides it has the power to govern all of them. From the PA-CO field derives the social enterprise of cell differentiation and cellular labor specialization that ultimately results in physiological functions. DNAs’ energies and the PA-CO matrix of energetic interrelations among DNAs are concrete energies (the interrelations are the external energies of the molecular concrete reality, the DNAs) and as such they are instrumentally detectable.
The PA-CO matrix is not static. The energetic interrelations that constitute PA-CO further interrelate among themselves following their drive of association. In this way they originate new and more numerous bonds than PA-CO have, Class-2 Bonds. New interrelations among Class-2 Bonds will originate Class-3 Bonds, and successively Class-4 Bonds, Class-5 Bonds.., etc will emerge in the same manner. Their corresponding matrices will exercise control upon the previous ones. This process will continue to the ultimate matrix of energy that controls the system and every element of it: the will. It can be seen that actually DNAs depend on the energetic matrix erected above PA-CO to which PA-CO is subordinated, and on the subsequent ones that subordinate the previous ones. Ultimately DNAs may be subordinated, like the rest of the system, to the integral control: the will of the system. This model of biological energies is the foundation of Clinical and Genetic Biofeedback.
The voluntary stimulation of Genetic Immunity will take a fraction of a second for it will be carried on via the de-escalation process of energetic bonds, the opposite process to their initial bond evolvement. We never will know the mysteries within our biosystem but we may learn to manipulate it.
As soon as the external energies of DNAs that constitute PA-CO are instrumentally detectible we will be empowered to explore Genetic Biofeedback and to determine the extent of voluntary control over the genetic machinery. Instantaneous genetic feedback information to the patient is required for him to send the right will commands to induce the correction of erroneous DNAs programs. To succeed in any endeavour it is vital to know if your current efforts are winning or losing!
Genetic Biofeedback research and development of genetic biofeedback instrumentation is vital for Genetic Biofeedback could well decide the survival of the human species.
CONCLUSION
The integral theories and the theories of everything preceding the theory of natural systems are superseded by the science of information and the overwhelming medical data of Clinical Biofeedback.
Biosystems operate on information and informed fields of energy and on these foundations a rational Biology shall be erected. Similarly the principles of physics shall expand to a new paradigm that encompasses concrete and abstract information and the implications carried by it: that all physical reality is information, that all natural phenomena process information and that evolution creates information.
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Figures 1,2,3 and table 1 exist as MSWord files. As soon as the author solves the mysteries of your "Insert a picture" click-button (or otherwise) these will be entered. Any advaice gratefully received.
