[edit] Before you get started
To let the editors of the article and the Spoken Wikipedia community know that you will be working on that particular article, please copy and paste the following template on the article's talk page:
{{Spoken Wikipedia In Progress | ~~~ | ~~~~~ }}
Which will appear as:
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<User Name> is currently recording or editing an audio version of this article.
See WikiProject Spoken Wikipedia for further information.
This notice is dated 00:07, 14 April 2008 (UTC) . If a significant amount of time has passed,
please check with <User Name> to see if he or she is still working before removing this message.
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[edit] Guidelines
- Ogg Vorbis audio (sample.ogg) is the format to use. The recommended settings for your audio editing software are: from 48 kbit/s to 96 kbit/s encoding bit-rate ("Quality" settings 1 to 5), 44.1 kHz sampling rate, with one channel (mono). If your recording software does not support Ogg, free Ogg Vorbis conversion applications are readily available.
- The filename should consist of the article title in canonicalized form plus the ogg extension. If you upload it to the Commons, the title must be prefixed by "en-".
- Treat links like text when reading. Any vocal indication of every link would disrupt the flow.
- Speak more slowly than normal, by about 25%. You should have about 150–160 words per minute so people can comfortably hear an article. Most conversational speech is at 200 words per minute or more.[1]
- Tell people where it's from. Begin your recordings with:
- "Article name, from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, at E N dot wikipedia dot org."
- As you come to them, read out all headings like this: "Section one: History", "Section two: Modern uses" etc. To make it easier to remember the numbering, go to your preferences, and under "Misc" check the box "Auto-number headings".
- Tell people how it's licensed. Wikipedia articles are licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. Spoken versions are derivative works, so end your recordings with:
- "This sound file and all text in the article are licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License, available at www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html"
- GNU is pronounced /gnu/ (help·info) ("g'noo") or can be spelled out.
[edit] Production tips
- Warm up. The vagaries of the day can leave your vocal cords clogged, especially if you have recently been eating or drinking milk-based foods such as cheese and chocolate. Some gentle humming before starting to record can cleanse and moisten the vocal cords leading to a better sound to the voice. Take a look at Vocal warm up for more ideas.
- Stay relaxed. Whenever you realize that your voice is becoming tenser than normal, or you're having more and more trouble speaking fluently, take a break, and resume when you feel muscular tension going away. Keep some fresh (not cold) water in reach, and drink some whenever you feel your mouth drying out. Also, speak outward, with your chin up. Posture and facial expressions can affect voice recordings.
- Try standing up. If you think your voice sounds a little thin or lacking in expression, standing while recording might help. Radio announcers and actors regularly stand while speaking to lend additional depth and confidence to their performance.
- Speak across the microphone or to the side of it, rather than directly into it, to avoid pops and breath noise. A distance of several centimetres or inches away from the microphone is recommended. A pop shield may also be used to minimise hard consonants, and a de-essing processor may be used to remove breathiness. It is possible to create your own pop shield using a wire hanger and a pair of tights/pantyhose.
- Volume levels — make sure your audio levels are high but not clipping and, if you can, compress and normalize your audio.
- For those unfamiliar with "audio" terminology, a brief description of these terms:
- Compression is a dynamic levelling of audio, making loud parts quieter, and the quiet parts louder, so that a consistent sound level is achieved (on professional audio gear where 0 dB is maximum, −12 dB is a good place to level the average RMS for speech). Beware of excessive compression, as it will make noise stand out (even after noise reduction) and could exaggerate some sounds of speech.
- Normalization is a calculated adjusting of audio so that the loudest peak is set to maximum potential volume, generally it is close to 0 dB (on professional audio gear where 0 dB is maximum, −10 dB is a good place to normalize the average RMS for speech).
- RMS — see Audio power
- Mess up a take? — Instead of stopping the recording, just stop speaking, then speak out "three, two, one" and then start reading again. You can easily edit out the "flub" since the countdown gives you a cue on where to make the edit, and gives you some "silence" to edit in.
[edit] Removing noise
You should remove background noise from all your recordings. Here is a guide to doing this in Audacity.
- Make your recording.
- Select a chunk of the recording where you were not speaking. You should see a slight bumpiness on the line, representing the background noise.
- Select
Effect → Noise Removal → Step 1 → Get Noise Profile.
- Select the entire recording (
Ctrl+a).
- Go to
Effect → Noise Removal → Step 2.
- Drag the slider a little to the left, towards
Less.
- Select
Remove Noise.
The reason for moving the slider is that the default setting is rather powerful, and is likely to affect the sound quality by removing too much noise. When in doubt, remove too little rather than removing too much. A clue that you might have removed too much noise is hearing "bubbles" ("speaking in a glass"-like sounds) in the recording. If so, go to Edit->Undo and try again with a lower setting.
Even at the lowest setting, this tool should remove all audible background buzz. If it is not able to deal with the background noise, then you probably need to record it again, this time without buses and motorbikes going by your window!
If all this seems like a lot of hassle, then send a message to a fellow contributor (such as User:Mdd4696) and they'll do it for you.
[edit] Sound levels
You should be adjusting the recording volume so that the peaks you see on the screen do not touch the top and bottom when you speak. If they do, then "clipping" will occur (part of the sound information will be lost) and you'll just get a blaring noise. On the other hand, the volume should be set fairly high.
Once you have finished the recording, you should boost its volume. If you perform normalization as described above, the volume will increase. Normalization will amplify the signal as much as possible without causing "clipping". If normalization does nothing, then the software can't boost your voice without clipping. In this case, the chances are that you set the recording volume too high. It is also possible that there is a peak at some point in the recording because you made a loud noise (common culprits are: shouting the first few words of a sentence; coughing; clicking the tongue; choking on food; scraping your chairlegs on the ground...). You should try to edit that out, or perhaps just have another try.
It is also possible to select individual parts of your recording and boost them separately. However, compression (part of the "Dynamics Processing" effect in Adobe Audition) does this automatically and dynamically on a far finer scale. Compression is preferable.
[edit] Recommended tools
Use audio recording software that can record section by section, like:
- For information on how to configure your file to fit the Recording Guidelines using Audacity, see this short guide.
[edit] Sample configurations
Please click here to view some sample configurations which users use to record articles.
[edit] Need assistance?
The following users have offered to help anyone having trouble recording:
[edit] See also
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