West Briton

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West Briton (adjective West British; both often shortened to West Brit) is a pejorative term for an Irish person who is alleged by the user of the term to be excessively sympathetic to the United Kingdom or who takes his cultural and social cues from Great Britain.^[1]

1 History
2 Contemporary usage
3 Similar epithets
4 See also
5 References

[edit] History

The term has its origins in 19th century Ireland, and the term has evolved over the years. Nationalist leader Daniel O'Connell used it in the British House of Commons in 1832:

"The people of Ireland are ready to become a portion of the Empire, provided they be made so in reality and not in name alone; they are ready to become a kind of West Briton if made so in benefits and justice; but if not, we are Irishmen again."

The term came to prominence in the land struggle of the 1880s. D. P. Moran, who founded The Leader in 1900, used the term frequently to describe those who he did not consider sufficiently Irish. It was a synonym with those he described as "Sourfaces", who mourned the death of the British Queen Victoria^[2] It included virtually all Church of Ireland Protestants and those Catholics who did not measure up to his definition of "Irish Irelanders".^[3]

In the early years of the Irish Free State, the term was used by some to indicate those who were deemed to have a subservient attitude towards the United Kingdom and to be afraid to cut ties with what had become a foreign country.^{[citation needed]} The term was applied mainly to Roman Catholics, as Protestants were expected by such to be naturally Unionist.

[edit] Contemporary usage

"West Briton" is today used by some Irish people to criticize others for a variety of perceived faults:

taking an "excessively" revisionist view of Irish history, by highlighting positive aspects of British^{[citation needed]} influence in Ireland, or criticizing Irish nationalist rebellions
cultural cringe: following British popular culture, while appearing embarrassed by or disdainful of aspects of Irish culture, such as the Irish language or Gaelic games
opposition or indifference to a United Ireland or militant Irish Republicanism
Support (or alleged support) for neo-Unionism

Nationalist former politician Kevin Boland described the Fine Gael party as such in his 1984 book Fine Gael: British or Irish.^[4]^{[Quotation needed from source]}

[edit] Similar epithets

Castle Catholic was applied more specifically by purist Republicans to middle-class Catholics assimilated into the pro-British establishment, after Dublin Castle, the centre of the British administration. Sometimes the exaggerated pronunciation spelling Cawtholic is used to suggest an accent imitative of British Received Pronunciation.

The old-fashioned word shoneen (from Irish: seoinín, diminutive of Seán) was applied to someone who affected the habits of the British ascendancy. P. W. Joyce's English As We Speak It In Ireland defines it as "a gentleman in a small way: a would-be gentleman who puts on superior airs."^[5]