User:Wellus/Miscellaneous/School/General
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[edit] SCP Presentation
- Name - came here; first impressions - knew before: - US wide country but low speed - Germany infamous for Autobahn and speed (…) - EQ: “What are the reasons for the low speed limits in the US and why is it like this compared to other countries (Germany)?” – didn’t understand it
- Why speed limits? - Consistent self-assessment of the traffic situation by every single driver in every given moment is lacking - Because: All drivers in different emotional states (distraction, stress, anger, etc.) - Helping by setting absolute limitations for everyone - Making roads safer – reducing probability for crash
-Physics of crashes - E=1/2*(MV^2) - M*dV=F*t <- buffer: streets/cars
- Agencies/Institutes conduct research/studies to find reasonable restrictions
- What they face? - length of lanes: acc/dec/full stop - width - how many lanes - Turns or curves - surface conditions - traffic volume - Pattern in accidents?
- Depending on infrastructure - Germany more messy road network->historical substance - US: everything squared->planned through - More difficult in Germany - "The occurrence of a large number of crashes involving turning maneuver partly explains the increased risk for motorists traveling slower than average and confirms the importance of safety programs involving turn lanes, access control, grade separation, and other measures to reduce conflicts resulting from large differences in travel speeds." - Why speed higher then? – tangled and twisted in Europe
-Depending on necessity - US is really wide country - Public transportation (easier covered), biking, walking, … not as wide spread, to younger - Adolescent have to be introduced early to driving - Also: Education in Germany more difficult; streets, cars, rules, road signs…
-Depending on history and mentality - Germany has history of car inventing, motors, rally - Speed limits “evolved” - Germans think they have a right for “no speed” limits <- European laws - Government provides them with road projects, etc… Often not enough funds. Roads bad. - Careful planned approach, more research in US - Roads in US designed differently; different separations between “types of streets” - Compliance in Germany stricter and rules more enforced … high speed in US immediately wouldn’t be supportable … EXAMPLES …
- Once system was established; got used to it, and worked, adaptation of institutions for maintenance etc. … no logic behind it necessarily
- What Federal Highway Administration figured: - "on freeways and other high-speed roads, speed limit increases generally lead to higher speeds and crashes." Increasing a speed limit by 4 mph (6 km/h) would increase the average speed by 1 mph (1.6 km/h) and increase injury accidents by 5%. - "changing speed limits on low and moderate speed roads appears to have little or no effect on speed and thus little or no effect on crashes." - This suggests that lower speeds can reduce the frequency and severity of crashes; lower speeds can give the driver more time to respond appropriately in the face of unexpected dangers, and it can reduce the severity of a crash should one happen. - While reducing the speed could have a beneficial effect on the severity and probability of the crash, it usually cannot guarantee crash prevention. - while speed can play a part of the causal chain which leads to crashes, speed's role is mostly to magnify the consequences of other unsafe acts.
under all those conditons high speed to risky
- "variable speed limits that adjust with traffic and environmental conditions could provide potential benefits" as most of the speed related crashes involve speed too fast for conditions.
About Germany:
- Autobahn: - Advisory speed limit of 130 km/h (80 mph) - Still speed limits for Lorries, buses, and cars towing trailers. - speeds over 200 km/h (124 mph) are not uncommon - most drive at 130 to 150 km/h (80 to 93 mph) - limited by traffic density and the type of the car - those with smaller engines often cannot exceed 180 to 200 km/h (110 to 120 mph) - facilitarors maximum speed of their more powerful automobiles to 250 km/h (155 mph)
On rural roads that are neither motorways nor multi-lane roads as decribed above, there is a national speed limit of 100 km/h (60 mph). Lower speed limits apply to lorries, some buses, and cars towing trailers. There is a general speed limit within city limits of 50 km/h (30 mph) but residential areas usually have a lower posted speed limit of 30 km/h (20 mph). On arterial roads, the speed limit may be raised to 60 or 70 km/h (37 to 43 mph).
