Webcast
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A webcast is a media file distributed over the Internet using streaming media technology. As a broadcast may either be live or recorded, similarly, a webcast may either be distributed live or recorded. Essentially, webcasting is “broadcasting” over the Internet.
The generally accepted use of the term webcast is the "transmission of linear audio or video content over the Internet".
A webcast uses streaming media technology to take a single content source and distribute it to many simultaneous listeners/viewers.
The largest "webcasters" include existing radio and TV stations who "simulcast" their output, as well as a multitude of Internet only "stations". The term webcasting is usually reserved for referring to non-interactive linear streams or events.
Rights and licensing bodies offer specific "webcasting licenses" to those wishing to carry out Internet broadcasting using copyright material.
Webcasting is also used extensively in the commercial sector for investor relations presentations (such as Annual General Meetings), in E-learning (to transmit seminars), and for related communications activities. However, webcasting does not bear much, if any, relationship to the idea of web conferencing which is designed for many-to-many interaction.
The ability to webcast using cheap/accessible technology has allowed independent media to flourish. There are many notable independent shows that broadcast regularly online. Often produced by average citizens in their homes they cover many interests and topics; from the mundane to the bizarre. Webcasts relating to computers, technology, and news are particularly popular and many new shows are added regularly.
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[edit] Origins
"Webcasting" was first publicly described and presented by Brian Raila of GTE Laboratories at InterTainment '89, 1989, held in New York City, USA. Raila recognized that a viewer/listener need not download the entirety of a program to view/listen to a portion thereof, so long as the receiving device ("client computer") could, over time, receive and present data more rapidly than the user could digest same. Raila used the term "buffered media" to describe this concept.
Raila was joined by James Paschetto of GTE Laboratories to further demonstrate the concept. Paschetto was singularly responsible for the first workable prototype of streaming media, which Raila presented and demonstrated at the Voice Mail Association of Europe 1995 Fall Meeting of October, 1995, in Montreux, Switzerland. Alan Saperstein (Visual Data, now known as Onstream Media (Nasdaq:ONSM), was the first company to feature streaming video in June of 1993 with HotelView, a travel library of 2 minute videos featuring thousands of hotel properties worldwide.
The term webcasting was coined (in the early/mid 1990s) when webcast/streaming pioneers Mark Cuban (Audionet), Howard Gordon (Xing Technologies), William Mutual (ITV.net) and Peggy Miles (InterVox Communications) got together with a community of webcasters to pick a term to describe the technology of sending audio and video on the Net...that might make sense to people. The term netcasting was a consideration, but one of the early webcast community members owned a company called NetCast, so that term was not used, seeking a name that would not be branded to one company. Discussions were also conducted about the term with the National Association of Broadcasters for their books - Internet Age Broadcaster I and II, written by Peggy Miles and Dean Sakai.
The actual word "webcast" was coined by Daniel Keys Moran[citation needed] in his 1988 novel The Armageddon Blues.: "... DataWeb News had done an in-depth on it not two weeks ago, and tourists had been trekking up into the New York hills ever since the webcast." -- page 191 of the Bantam paperback.
[edit] Examples
Virtually all the major broadcasters have a webcast of their output, from the BBC to CNN to Al Jazeera to UNTV Webcast in television to Radio China, Vatican Radio, United Nations Radio and the World Service in radio.
A notable webcast took place in September 1999 to launch NetAid, a project to promote Internet use in the world's poorest countries. Three high profile concerts were to be broadcast simultaneously on the BBC, MTV and over the Internet; a London concert at Wembley Stadium featuring the likes of Robbie Williams, George Michael; a New York concert featuring Bono of U2 and Wyclef Jean; a Geneva concert.
More recently, Live8 (AOL) claimed around 170,000 concurrent viewers (up to 400 Kbit/s) and the BBC received about the same (10 Gbit/s) on the day of the 7 July 2005 bombings in London. The growth of webcast traffic has roughly doubled, year on year, since 1995 and is directly linked to broadband penetration.
Connecting Media was one of the first companies to do live webcasting using a special IFP Van (Internet Field Production) dedicated to webcasting.
Today, webcasts are being used more frequently and by novice users. Live webcasts are allowing viewing of presentations, business meetings, and seminars etc. for those that telecommute rather than attend. Such sites as WebBroadcastingLive.com for example, offer live broadcasting as an affordable solution to public speaking events that expands the viewing audience to anyone that has an internet connection.
[edit] Online Videoconference/Meeting Tools
Twiddla www.twiddla.com FREE
Adobe Connect www.adobe.com/products/connect/ $$$$
Skype www.skype.com FREE
Yahoo www.yahoo.com FREE
Ustream www.ustreamtv.com FREE
Wimba www.wimba.com $$$$
eLuminate www.elluminate.com $$$$
MS NetMeeting (for Windows 95, 98 and NT)
www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=26c9da7c-f778-4422-a6f4-efb8abba021e&displaylang=en FREE
Windows Meeting Space (for Vista) http://windowshelp.microsoft.com/Windows/en-US/Help/bb91b26f-7a9b-40d3-b397-b3c1cfac94411033.mspx FREE
Webex www.webex.com $$$$
Google Talk www.google.com/talk FREE
Windows Live Messenger http://get.live.com/messenger/overview FREE
GoToMeeting www.gotomeeting.com $$$$
Yugma www.yugma.com FREE
DimDim www.dimdim.com FREE
Moodle www.moodle.com FREE
gomeetnow www.gomeetnow.com $$$$
iVisit www.ivisit.com $$$$
WiZiQ www.wiziq.com FREE
Flashmeeting http://flashmeeting.open.ac.uk FREE
Zoho www.zoho.com FREE
AKIVA http://akiva.com/Default.htm $$$$
Blackboard www.blackboard.com/products/Academic_Suite/index $$$$
Studeous www.studeous.com FREE
Userplane www.userplane.com/webchat FREE and $$$$ feature
ooVoo www.oovoo.com
[edit] See also
- List of Internet television series
- Video clip
- Media clip
- Web radio
- Webisode
- Podcast
- Netcast
- Screencast
- Vlog
- Webinar
- Web conferencing
- List of Internet stations
[edit] External links
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