Washington Park Race Track

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See also: Washington Park, Chicago

Washington Park Race Track
Washington Track
Race Track
Washington Park Race Track, c. 1903.
Country	United States
State	Illinois
County	Cook
Township	Unknown
City	Chicago
Address	61st Street and Cottage Grove
- elevation	594 ft (181 m)
- coordinates	41°46′55″N 87°36′39″W / 41.78194, -87.61083
Major Events	American Derby
Race Type	Thoroughbred
Material	Dirt
Broke Ground	1884
- Opened	1884
- Closed	1977
Owner	Washington Park Jockey Club
Construction Cost	$150,000
Location of Washington Park Race Track within Illinois.
Location of Illinois in the United States

Washington Park Race Track was a popular horse racing venue in the Chicago metropolitan area from 1884 until 1977. It had two locations during its existence. It was first situated in what is the current location of the Washington Park Subdivision of the Woodlawn community area of Chicago in Cook County, Illinois, United States. This is located immediately south of both the current Washington Park community area and Washington Park. The track was later relocated to Homewood, Illinois, which is also in Cook County.

The original track and its accompanying Jockey Club were social draws in the late 1800s, but modern developments and changes in the law led to the decline of both. In its prime, the track was an especially important social gathering place on opening day and the day of the American Derby, which ranked as one of horse racing's highest purses. The Jockey club, designed by Solon Spencer Beman, hosted a social gathering led by General Philip Sheridan who was an early leader of the track and club. The track was closed and reopened according to the contemporary state and local laws on gambling and eventually waned in popularity and social importance.

Over the years, numerous famous horses and jockeys appeared at the track. In the 19th century, notable horses of the time, such as Emperor of Norfolk and Domino raced. In the 20th century, some of the most notable Thoroughbreds to race at Washington Park included Triple Crown winners Citation and Whirlaway. Other notable horses included Native Dancer and Swaps, who each won legs of the Triple Crown. Jockey Eddie Arcaro won both the 1948 and 1953 American Derby races at the track. In addition to the American Derby, several other notable graded stakes races were run at the track such as the Stars and Stripes Turf Handicap and the Washington Park Handicap. In addition, notable match races were held at the track.

Contents 1 Original track 1.1 Major races 1.2 Decline and closure of the original track 2 New track 3 Horses who raced at Washington Park 4 Other stakes races run at the racetrack 5 Notes 6 References 7 External links

[edit] Original track

In 1883, a group of about 500 Chicagoans, led by General Philip Sheridan, banded together to create the Washington Park Jockey Club. Selecting a location at 61st and Cottage Grove, the Club opened and operated the Washington Park Race Track, valued at $150,000, the following year, claiming it to be "the Midwest’s preeminent track."^[1] The track was part of the long tradition of constructing special facilities for sporting events and public assembly in the Chicago parks.^[2] At that time it was fashionable for the social elite to maintain close ties to equestrian sports. Some owned Thoroughbreds and thus were members of the Washington Park Jockey Club.^[3] The track's clubhouse, which was completed in 1896, was designed by Solon Spencer Beman, and C. B. McDonald built a short nine-hole club members' golf course in the infield of the track.^[4]

[edit] Major races

Each June, the track sponsored the American Derby, which had a purse ranked among the highest in the country. When Washington Park Race Track first organized the American Derby in 1883, General Philip Sheridan served as its first President.^[5] By 1893, the American Derby was the 2nd richest American race in 19th century.^[1] Both The American Derby and Opening Day (the first race of the season)^[6] became important social calendar dates. Residents of elite late 19th century neighborhoods organized a number of related public activities outside the track grounds, including the annual Washington Park Race Track opening day parade.^[7]

Horse racing was not the only draw of the track. In 1900, a race was staged at the track between a gasoline-powered automobile and an electrically-powered automobile. At the time, there were more electric cars in the country than gasoline powered ones. The race in Chicago was the first time a gasoline-powered car beat an electric-powered one in a race.

[edit] Decline and closure of the original track

The track ran into difficulties when Hempstead Washburne was elected Mayor of Chicago in 1892. In 1893, he began a gambling reform campaign, which included a goal of closing all race tracks in Chicago. His campaign eventually resulted in the 1894 closure of Washington Park Race Track,^[1] although the track reopened in 1898. It remained open until 1905, when the state of Illinois banned gambling and stopped all horse racing.^[1] By that time, the prestige of the club had declined, independently of Washburne's reform movement, because more modern and spacious golf courses drew the members to other locations, and the residential dispersion of elite members from the community area made the club less important.^[4] However, the stables used by the track were not torn down and currently form a portion of the DuSable Museum of African-American History.^[8]

[edit] New track

In 1926, a second Washington Park Race Track opened up in south suburban Homewood.^[1] The new Washington Park Race Track was located west of Halsted Street just outside of Homewood village bounds. The Illinois Central Railroad built a spur line directly between Chicago and the newly relocated track.^[9] The relocated track continued to be a famous and popular attraction.^[10] The inaugural meeting of organizers was July 3, 1926.^[11] The new track was constructed amongst a construction boom of racetracks in the United States during the 1920's, which included fifteen new large racetracks constructed during the decade. Others constructed at this time were Arlington Park nearby in Chicago and Hialeah Park in Florida.^[12]

The American Derby was also reborn at the new track, and was run at Washington through 1957, when it was moved to Arlington Park, in northwest suburban Arlington Heights.^[13] However, racing venues had previously shifted between Chicago-area tracks. For example, in 1943, Arlington Park shifted its major races to Washington Park as a result of curtailed racing due to World War II.^[1]

Another significant race run at the new track was the Grade 2 stakes Washington Park Handicap for three-year olds and up. It was first held at Washington Park in 1926, and continued to be held there until 1958, when it was moved to Arlington Park, where it continues to be held to the present day and commemorates the Washington Park racetrack.^[14]

The new track hosted a number of special races between famous horses of the day. On August 29, 1945 a match race between Busher and Durazna was held at the racetrack. The distance was one mile, with a purse of $25,000.00. Busher won by almost two lengths, after the lead changed several times during the race.^[15] On August 31, 1955, Washington Park hosted a match race between Nashua and Swaps with a distance of a mile and a quarter. The purse was $100,000.00. Nashua won by several lengths, having led the entire race. The race was well attended, and attracted reporters from across the country. Nashua went on to be named Horse of the Year for 1955.^[16][17]

However, in spite of popular events, the track was not without scandals and allegations of misdeeds. For example, in 1970, Marge Lindheimer Everett, manager of both Arlington and Washington Park, confessed to having bribed Illinois Governor Otto Kerner to gain premium racing dates.^[1]

Washington Park Race Track's grandstand burned on the night of February 5, 1977,^[18] putting the track out of business. The property was sold and redeveloped in 1992 for commercial and residential use.^[9]

[edit] Horses who raced at Washington Park

• Citation won the 1948 American Derby in the same year he won the Triple Crown, with Eddie Arcaro up^[19][20]
• Coaltown won the 1949 Whirlaway Stakes, setting a new world mile mark while doing so^[21]
• T. V. Lark won the American Derby and Washington Park Handicap^[22]
• Swaps won the 1956 Washington Park Handicap^[23] and the 1955 American Derby, where he set the record for that race that still stood in 2006.^[13]
• Emperor of Norfolk won the 1888 American Derby^[20]
• Whirlaway won the 1941 American Derby^[20]
• Native Dancer won the 1953 American Derby, with Eddie Arcaro up^[20]
• Domino won the 1893 Hyde Park Stakes^[24]

[edit] Other stakes races run at the racetrack

• Arlington Handicap ran at Washington in 1943, 1944 and 1945^[25]
• Queen Elizabeth Handicap (ran as the Misty Isle Handicap from 1946 to 1958) began in 1946^[26]
• Sheridan Stakes began in 1884, ran at the old racetrack also^[27]
• Stars and Stripes Handicap only ran at Washington Park in 1943, 1944 and 1945^[28] and again in 1958 and 1959^[29]
• Washington Park Handicap began 1926, moved to Arlington Park in 1958^[30]

[edit] Notes

[edit] References

• Hogan, Clio D.. Index to Stakes Winners 1865-1967. Solvang, California: Flag Is Up Farms. 
• Montgomery, E. S. (1980). The Thoroughbred, Fourth Printing, New York: Arco Publishing. ISBN 0-668-02824-6. 
• Robertson, William H. P. (1964). The History of Thoroughbred Racing in America. New York: Bonanza Books. 
• Thoroughbred Times (2007). The Original Thoroughbred Times Racing Almanac : 2006 (Original Thoroughbred Times Racing Almanac). Lexington, Kentucky: BowTie Press. ISBN 1-931993-65-3. 
• Daily Racing Form (1956). The American Racing Manual 1956 Edition. Chicago, Illinois: Triangle Publications. 
• Daily Racing Form (1960). The American Racing Manual 1960 Edition. Chicago, Illinois: Triangle Publications. 
• Daily Racing Form (1978). The American Racing Manual 1978 Edition. Chicago, Illinois: Triangle Publications. 
• Underwood, Tom R. (ed.) (1945). Thoroughbred Racing & Breeding. New York: Coward-McCann. 

[edit] External links

• Official City of Chicago Washington Park Neighborhood Map
• Official City of Chicago Woodlawn Neighborhood Map

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