Warrior of Hirschlanden
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The Warrior of Hirschlanden is a statue of a nude ithyphallic warrior made of sandstone, the oldest known Iron Age life-size anthropomorphic statue north of the Alps. It was a production of the Hallstatt culture, probably dating to the 6th century BC. It is now in the Württembergisches Landesmuseum in Stuttgart.
The preserved height is 1.50 m; the feet have been broken off.
The warrior wears a pointed hat, maybe – in analogy to the princely grave of Hochdorf – made of birchbark, a neck-ring (torc) and a belt with a typical late Hallstatt dagger.
While the legs are modelled according to life, the upper body is rather schematic and the face is extremely sketchy, leading to discussions that the man might be wearing a mask, as is known from burials in Klein-Klein, Styria, Austria, Trebenište (Macedonia) and the much earlier shaft-graves of Mycenae, ca. 1500 BC.
Greek influence (kouroi) has been discussed. Numerous black figure vessels from fortified settlements of the period attest trading contacts with the Mediterranean, probably via the Rhône River and the Greek colony of Massilia (Marseille). Much closer stylistic connections exist with the far more elaborate statues from Capestrano, Picenium, Italy (650-550 BC) and Casale Marittimo (middle of the 7th century).
The statue was found in Hirschlanden (now Ditzingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany) in 1963 when a low barrow was excavated. The barrow was surrounded by a stone circle and a dry stone wall. It contained 16 burials, ranging from the very beginning of the Iron Age (Hallstatt D1, ca. 600 BC) to the beginning of the Late Iron Age (La Tène period, ca. 450 BC). The statue was found north of the barrow, but is supposed to have been originally placed on the top.
The statue shows significant weathering, suggesting that it stood exposed to the elements for a long time before being buried.
Other anthropomorphic statues of the early Iron Age have been found in Rottenburg, Tübingen, Stammheim and Stockach (all Baden-Württemberg, Germany), but they are far more stylised, more carving than statue.
In the following La Tène period, anthropomorphic statues are far more common, examples include the finds from the Glauberg (Hessen, Germany), Holzgerlingen (Baden-Württemberg, Germany) and Mšeke Žehrovice (Bohemia).
[edit] Literature
- Piceni, Popolo d'Europa (Roma, Edizioni de Luca 1999).
- Sabine Rieckhoff, Jörg Biel et al, Die Kelten in Deutschland (Stuttgart, Theiss 2001). ISBN 3806213674
