Portal:War/Selected anniversaries/September

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Selected anniversaries in September

September 1

• 1644 - Battle of Tippermuir, Montrose defeats Elcho's Covenanters, reviving Royalist cause
• 1862 - American Civil War: Battle of Chantilly - Confederate forces attack retreating Union troops in Chantilly, Virginia.
• 1864 - American Civil War: Confederate General John Bell Hood evacuates Atlanta, Georgia after a four-month siege by General Sherman.
• 1939 - World War II: Nazi Germany attacks Poland, beginning the war. (See Polish September Campaign.)
• 1939 - The Wound Badge for Wehrmacht and SS soldiers is instituted.
• 1951 - The United States, Australia and New Zealand sign a mutual defense pact, called the ANZUS Treaty.

September 2

• 31 BC - Roman Civil War: Battle of Actium - Off the western coast of Greece, forces of Octavian defeat troops under Mark Antony and Cleopatra.
• 1649 - The Italian city of Castro is completely destroyed by the forces of Pope Innocent X, ending the Wars of Castro.
• 1807 - British Navy bombards Copenhagen with fire bombs and phosphorus rockets to prevent Denmark from surrendering its fleet to Napoleon.
• 1862 - American Civil War: President Abraham Lincoln reluctantly restores Union General George McClellan to full command after General John Pope's disastrous defeat at the Battle of Second Bull Run.
• 1870 - Franco-Prussian War: Battle of Sedan - Prussian forces take French Emperor Napoleon III and 100,000 of his soldiers prisoner.
• 1898 - Battle of Omdurman - British and Egyptian troops defeat Sudanese tribesmen and establishing British dominance in the Sudan.
• 1945 - World War II ends: The final official surrender of Japan is accepted aboard the battleship USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay.

September 3

• 36 BC - In the battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius, son of Pompey, thus ending Pompeian resistance to the Second Triumvirate.
• 1260 - The Mamluks defeat the Mongols at the Battle of Ain Jalut in Palestine, marking their first decisive defeat and the point of maximum expansion of the Mongol Empire.
• 1650 - Third English Civil War: Battle of Dunbar (1650).
• 1651 - Third English Civil War: Battle of Worcester - Charles II of England is defeated in the last main battle of the war.
• 1783 - American Revolutionary War: The war ends with the signing of the Treaty of Paris by the United States and the Kingdom of Great Britain.
• 1939 - World War II: France, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Australia declare war on Germany.
• 1943 - World War II: Mainland Italy is invaded by Allied forces for the first time in the war.

September 4

• 1260 - The Senese Ghibellines, supported by the forces of King Manfred of Sicily, defeat the Florentine Guelphs at Montaperti.
• 1886 - Indian Wars: After almost 30 years of fighting, Apache leader Geronimo surrenders with his last band of warriors to General Nelson Miles at Skeleton Canyon in Arizona.
• 1940 - World War II: The USS Greer becomes the first United States ship fired upon by a German submarine in the war, even though the United States is a neutral power. Tension heightens between the two nations as a result.
• 1944 - World War II: The British 11th Armoured Division liberate the Belgian city of Antwerp.
• 1945 - World War II: Japanese forces surrender on Wake Island after hearing word of their nation's surrender.
• 1967 - Vietnam War: Operation Swift begins: U.S. Marines launch a search-and-destroy mission in Quang Nam and Quang Tin Provinces. The ensuing four-day battle in Que Son Valley kills 114 Americans and 376 North Vietnamese.

September 5

• 1862 - American Civil War: In the Confederacy's first invasion of the North, General Robert E. Lee leads 55,000 men of the Army of Northern Virginia across the Potomac River at White's Ford near Leesburg, Virginia, into Maryland.
• 1905 - Russo-Japanese War: In New Hampshire, USA, the Treaty of Portsmouth, a treaty mediated by US President Theodore Roosevelt, is signed by victor Japan and defeated party Russia.
• 1914 - World War I: First Battle of the Marne begins. Northeast of Paris, the French attack and defeat German forces who are advancing on the capital.
• 1937 - Spanish Civil War: The fall of Llanes.
• 1939 - World War II: The United States declares its neutrality in the war.
• 1943 - World War II: The 503d Parachute Infantry Regiment under U.S. General Douglas MacArthur lands and occupies Nazdab in Papua New Guinea.

September 6

• 394 - Battle of the Frigidus: The Christian Roman Emperor Theodosius I defeats and kills the pagan usurper Eugenius and his Frankish magister militum Arbogast.
• 1781 - The Battle of Groton Heights takes place, resulting a British minor victory.
• 1861 - American Civil War: Forces under Union General Ulysses S. Grant bloodlessly capture Paducah, Kentucky, which gives the Union control of the mouth of the Tennessee River.
• 1863 - American Civil War: Confederates evacuate Battery Wagner and Morris Island in South Carolina.
• 1915 - The first prototype tank is tested for the British Army for the first time.
• 1937 - Spanish Civil War: The start of the Battle of El Mazuco.
• 1939 - World War II: The Battle of Barking Creek.

September 7

• 1191 - Third Crusade: Battle of Arsuf - Richard I of England defeats Saladin at Arsuf.
• 1776 - World's first submarine attack: the American submersible craft Turtle attempts to attach a time bomb to the hull of British Admiral Richard Howe's flagship Eagle in New York Harbor.
• 1812 - Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Borodino - Napoleon defeats the Russian army of Alexander I near the village of Borodino.
• 1864 - American Civil War: Atlanta, Georgia, is evacuated on orders of Union General William Tecumseh Sherman.
• 1940 - World War II: The Blitz - Nazi Germany begins to rain bombs on London. This will be the first of 57 consecutive nights of bombing.
• 1965 - Vietnam War: In a follow-up to August's Operation Starlight, United States Marines and South Vietnamese forces initiate Operation Pirahna on the Batangan Peninsula.

September 8

• 1380 - Battle of Kulikovo - Russian forces defeat a mixed army of Tatars and Mongols, stopping their advance.
• 1449 - Battle of Tumu Fortress - Mongolians capture the Chinese emperor.
• 1514 - Battle of Orsha - In one of the biggest battles of the century, Belarusians and Poles defeat the Russian army.
• 1863 - American Civil War: Second Battle of Sabine Pass - On the Texas-Louisiana border at the mouth of the Sabine River, a small Confederate force thwarts a Union invasion of Texas.
• 1923 - Honda Point Disaster: Nine US Navy destroyers run aground off the California coast. Seven are lost.
• 1941 - World War II: Siege of Leningrad begins. German forces begin a siege against the Soviet Union's second-largest city, Leningrad. Stalin orders the Volga Deutsche deported to Siberia.
• 1943 - World War II: United States General Dwight D. Eisenhower publicly announces the Allied armistice with Italy.
• 1945 - Cold War: United States troops arrive to partition the southern part of Korea in response to Soviet troops occupying the northern part of the peninsula a month earlier.
• 1951 - Treaty of San Francisco: In San Francisco, California, 48 nations sign a peace treaty with Japan in formal recognition of the end of the Pacific War.

September 9

• 1000 - Battle of Swold somewhere in the Baltic Sea between Norway and other Scandinavians.
• 1493 - Battle of Krbava field, a decisive defeat of Croats in Croatian struggle against the Ottoman Empire invasion.
• 1513 - James IV of Scotland is defeated and dies in the Battle of Flodden Field, ending Scotland's involvement in the War of the League of Cambrai.
• 1863 - American Civil War: The Union Army enters Chattanooga, Tennessee.
• 1914 - World War I: The creation of the Canadian Automobile Machine Gun Brigade, the first fully mechanized unit in the British Army.
• 1943 - World War II: The Allies land at Salerno and Taranto, Italy.
• 1944 - World War II: Bulgaria is occupied by Soviet Union.
• 1945 - Second Sino-Japanese War: Japan formally surrenders to China.

September 10

• 1798 - At the Battle of St. George's Caye, British Honduras defeats Spain.
• 1813 - The U.S. defeats the British Fleet at the Battle of Lake Erie during the War of 1812.
• 1919 - Austria and the Allies sign the Treaty of Saint-Germain recognizing the independence of Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia.
• 1939 - The submarine HMS Oxley is sunk by mistake by the submarine HMS Triton off the coast of Norway and becomes the Royal Navy's first loss in the Second World War.
• 1942 - The Allies carry out an amphibious landing at Majunga, north-west Madagascar, to re-launch Allied offensive operations in the Madagascar Campaign.

September 11

• 1297 - Battle of Stirling Bridge: Scots led by William Wallace defeat the English.
• 1683 - Battle of Vienna.
• 1649 - Siege of Drogheda ends: Oliver Cromwell's English Parliamentarian troops take the town and massacre its garrison.
• 1709 - Battle of Malplaquet: Great Britain, Netherlands and Austria fight against France.
• 1714 - Barcelona surrenders to Spanish and French Bourbonic armies in the War of the Spanish Succession.
• 1777 - Battle of Brandywine - Major American Revolutionary war victory for British in Chester County, Pennsylvania.
• 1919 - US Marines invade Honduras.

September 12

• 1213 - Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester defeats Peter II of Aragon, the king of Aragon at the Battle of Muret.
• 1229 - An Aragonese-Catalan army under the command of James I of Aragon disembarks at Santa Ponça, Mallorca, with the purpose of conquering the island.
• 1814 - Battle of North Point: An American detachment halts the British land advance to Baltimore in the War of 1812.
• 1847 - Mexican-American War: The Battle of Chapultepec begins. U.S. Army deserters in the Saint Patrick's Battalion who fought alongside the Mexican army are hanged en masse for treason by the order of General Winfield Scott.
• 1942 - RMS Laconia, carrying civilians, Allied soldiers and Italian POWs is torpedoed off the coast of West Africa and sinks.

September 13

• 533 - General Belisarius of the Byzantine Empire defeats Gelimer and the Vandals at the Battle of Ad Decimium, near Carthage, North Africa.
• 1759 - Battle of the Plains of Abraham: British defeat French near Quebec City in the Seven Years' War, known in the United States as the French and Indian War
• 1862 - Union soldiers find Robert E. Lee's battle plans in a field outside Frederick, Maryland.
• 1900 - Filipino resistance fighters defeat a larger American column in the Battle of Pulang Lupa, during the Philippine-American War.
• 1914 - During World War I, South African troops open hostilities in German south-west Africa (Namibia) with an assault on the Ramansdrift police station.

September 14

• 1812 - French grenadiers enter Moscow.
• 1829 - Ottoman Empire signs the Treaty of Adrianople with Russia, thus ending the Russo-Turkish War
• 1847 - Mexican-American War: Winfield Scott captures Mexico City.
• 1944 - United States Marines land on the island of Peleliu.

September 15

• 1776 - American Revolutionary War: British land at Kip's Bay during the New York Campaign.
• 1812 - The French army under Napoleon reaches the Kremlin in Moscow.
• 1862 - American Civil War: Confederate forces capture Harpers Ferry, Virginia.
• 1873 - Franco-Prussian War: The last German troops leave France upon completion of payment of indemnity.
• 1894 - First Sino-Japanese War: Japan defeats China in the Battle of Ping Yang.
• 1914 - World War I: The Battle of Aisne begins between Germany and France.
• 1916 - World War I: Tanks are used for the first time in battle, at the Battle of the Somme.

September 16

• 1776 - American Revolutionary War: the Battle of Harlem Heights is fought.
• 1941 - Concerned that Reza Pahlavi the Shah of Persia was about to align his petroleum-rich country with Germany during World War II, the United Kingdom and the USSR occupy Iran and forced him to resign in favor of his son, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.

September 17

• 1176 - The Battle of Myriokephalon is fought.
• 1462 - The Battle of Świecino (or Battle of Żarnowiec) is fought during the Thirteen Years' War.
• 1809 - Peace between Sweden and Russia in the Finnish War. The territory to become Finland is ceded to Russia by the Treaty of Fredrikshamn.
• 1862 - American Civil War: George McClellan halts the northward drive of Robert E. Lee's Confederate army in the single-day Battle of Antietam, the single bloodiest day of the war, and in American history. Over 23,000 Casualties in under twelve hours of combat marks this as a day as a prime example supreme savagry and brutality in warfare.
• 1894 - Battle of Yalu River, the largest naval engagement of the First Sino-Japanese War.
• 1900 - Philippine-American War: Filipinos under Juan Cailles defeat Americans under Colonel Benjamin F. Cheatham at Mabitac.
• 1916 - World War I: Manfred von Richthofen ("The Red Baron"), a flying ace of the German Luftstreitkräfte, won his first aerial combat near Cambrai, France.
• 1944 - Allied Airborne troops parachute into Holland as the "Market" half of Operation Market Garden.

September 18

• 323 - Constantine the Great decisively defeats Licinius in the Battle of Chrysopolis, establishing Constantine's sole control over the Roman Empire.
• 1635 - Emperor Ferdinand II declares war on France.
• 1863 - American Civil War: Battle of Chickamauga.
• 1939 - World War II: Polish government of Ignacy Mościcki flees to Romania.
• 1939 - World War II: A German U-boat sinks the British aircraft carrier HMS Courageous.
• 1940 - World War II: Italian troops conquer Sidi Barrani.
• 1945 - Gen. Douglas MacArthur moves his command headquarters to Tokyo.
• 1947 - The United States Air Force is created separate from the United States Army.

September 19

• 1356 - In the Battle of Poitiers, the English defeat the French.
• 1862 - American Civil War: Battle of Iuka - Union troops under General William Rosecrans defeat a Confederate force commanded by General Sterling Price at Iuka, Mississippi.
• 1863 - American Civil War: Battle of Chickamauga.
• 1957 - First U.S. underground nuclear bomb test.

September 20

• 1187 - Saladin begins the Siege of Jerusalem.
• 1854 - Battle of Alma: British and French troops defeat Russians in the Crimea.
• 1920 - Foundation of the Spanish Legion.
• 1939 - A German Messerschmitt Bf 109 is shot down by Fairey Battle gunner Sgt. F. Letchard during a patrol near Aachen. This is the RAF's first aerial victory of the Second World War.
• 1940 - Genevieve Grotjan completes the decryption of the Japanese Purple code.

September 21

• 1745 - Battle of Prestonpans: A Hanoverian army under the command of Sir John Cope is defeated, in ten minutes, by the Jacobite forces of Prince Charles Edward Stuart.
• 1860 - In the Second Opium War, an Anglo-French force defeats Chinese troops at the Battle of Baliqiao.
• 1896 - British force under Horatio Kitchener takes Dongola in the Sudan.
• 1942 - The B-29 Superfortress makes its debut.
• 1950 - George Marshall sworn in as the 3rd Secretary of Defense of United States.

September 22

• 66 - Emperor Nero creates the legion I Italica.
• 1236 - The Lithuanians and Semigallians defeat the Livonian Brothers of the Sword in Battle of Šiauliai.
• 1866 - Decisive Battle of Curupaity in the War of the Triple Alliance.
• 1937 - Spanish Civil War: Peña Blanca is taken; the end of the Battle of El Mazuco.

September 23

• 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Wars of the Roses, is fought at Blore Heath in Staffordshire.
• 1529 - The Siege of Vienna begins as Suleiman I begins his attack on the city.
• 1779 - American Revolution; USS Bonhomme Richard, commanded by John Paul Jones, wins a fight against the British ships of war Serapis and Countess of Scarborough off the coast of England.

September 24

• 1942 - World War II: Franz Halder is dismissed as Chief of the General Staff of the Oberkommando des Heeres.
• 1944 - World War II: the U.S. Army 45th Infantry Division takes the strongly defended city of Epinal before crossing the Moselle River and entering the western foothills of the Vosges.
• 1996 - The Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty is opened to signatories, and is immediately signed by 71 states.

September 25

• 1066 - The Battle of Stamford Bridge marks the end of the Viking era.
• 1396 - Ottoman Emperor Bayezid I defeats a Christian army at the Battle of Nicopolis.
• 1955 - The Royal Jordanian Air Force is founded.

September 26

• 715 - Ragenfrid defeats Theudoald at the Battle of Compiègne.
• 1687 - The Parthenon in Athens is partially destroyed after an explosion caused by the bombing from Venetian forces led by Morosini who were besieging the Ottoman Turks stationed in Athens.
• 1918 - World War I: Battle of Meuse.
• 1944 - World War II: Operation Market Garden fails.
• 1950 - United Nations troops recapture Seoul from the North Koreans.

September 27

• 1331 - Battle of Plowce between the Kingdom of Poland and the Teutonic Order.
• 1605 - The armies of Sweden are defeated by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Battle of Kircholm.
• 1940 - The Tripartite Pact is signed in Berlin by Germany, Japan and Italy.
• 1941 - The SS Patrick Henry is launched, becoming the first of more than 2,700 Liberty ships.

September 28

• 351 - Battle of Mursa Major: the Roman Emperor Constantius II defeats the usurper Magnentius.
• 1066 - William the Conqueror invades England: the Norman Conquest begins.
• 1106 - Battle of Tinchebrai - Henry I of England defeats his brother, Robert Curthose.
• 1322 - Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor defeats Frederick I of Austria in the Battle of Mühldorf.
• 1708 - Peter the Great defeats the Swedes at the Battle of Lesnaya.

September 29

• 1364 - Battle of Auray: English forces defeat French at Brittany; end of the Breton War of Succession.
• 1864 - American Civil War: The Battle of Chaffin's Farm is fought.
• 1918 - The Hindenburg Line is broken by Allied forces during World War I.
• 1943 - U.S. General Dwight D. Eisenhower and Italian Marshal Pietro Badoglio sign an armistice aboard the British ship Nelson off the shore of Malta.

September 30

• 1744 - France and Spain defeat the Kingdom of Sardinia at the Battle of Madonna dell'Olmo.
• 1813 - Battle of Bárbula: Simón Bolívar defeats Santiago Bobadilla.
• 1938 - The League of Nations unanimously outlaws "intentional bombings of civilian populations".
• 1954 - The U.S. Navy submarine USS Nautilus is commissioned as the world's first nuclear reactor powered vessel.