Portal:War/Selected anniversaries/June

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Selected anniversaries in June

June 1

• 1485 - Matthias of Hungary takes Vienna in his conquest of Austria (from Frederick III) and makes the city his capital.
• 1813 - The United States Navy gains its motto as the mortally wounded commander of the frigate USS Chesapeake, Capt. James Lawrence, cries out, "Don't give up the ship!"
• 1862 - American Civil War: Battle of Fair Oaks ends, with both sides claiming victory.
• 1879 - Napoleon Eugene, Prince of France, is killed in the Anglo-Zulu War.
• 1918 - World War I: Battle for Belleau Wood begins.
• 1941 - World War II: Battle of Crete ends as Crete capitulates to Germany.

June 2

• 455 - The Vandals enter Rome and plunder the city for two weeks.
• 1965 - Vietnam War: The first contingent of Australian combat troops arrives in South Vietnam.
• 1995 - United States Air Force Captain Scott O'Grady's F-16 is shot down over Bosnia while patrolling the NATO no-fly zone.

June 3

• 1098 - First Crusade: Antioch falls to the crusaders after an eight-month siege.
• 1665 - James Stuart, Duke of York (later to become King James II of England) defeats the Dutch Fleet off the coast of Lowestoft.
• 1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Cold Harbor - Union forces attack Confederate troops at Cold Harbor, Virginia.
• 1916 - The ROTC is established by the U.S. Congress.
• 1969 - Off the coast of South Vietnam, the Australian aircraft carrier HMAS Melbourne collides with the US Navy destroyer USS Frank E. Evans.

June 4

• 1615 - Forces under the shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu take Osaka Castle in Japan.
• 1794 - British troops capture Port-au-Prince in Haiti.
• 1859 - Italian Independence wars: in the Battle of Magenta, the French army, under Louis-Napoleon, defeats an Austrian army.
• 1862 - American Civil War: Confederate troops evacuate Fort Pillow on the Mississippi River, leaving the way clear for Union troops to take Memphis, Tennessee.
• 1942 - World War II: Battle of Midway begins. Japanese Admiral Chuichi Nagumo orders a strike on Midway Island with much of the Imperial Japanese navy.
• 1944 - World War II: A hunter-killer group of the United States Navy capture the German submarine U-505, marking the first time a U.S. Navy vessel captured an enemy vessel at sea since the 19th century.

June 5

• 70 - Titus and his Roman legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem.
• 1798 - Battle of New Ross: The attempt to spread United Irish Rebellion into Munster is defeated.
• 1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Piedmont: Union forces under General David Hunter defeat a Confederate army at Piedmont, Virginia, taking nearly 1,000 prisoners.
• 1900 - Second Boer War: British soldiers take Pretoria.
• 1944 - World War II: More than 1000 British bombers drop 5000 tons of bombs on German gun batteries on the Normandy coast in preparation for D-Day.
• 1945 - Allied Control Council, military occupation governing body of Germany, formally takes power.

June 6

• 1508 - Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year truce and cede several territories to Venice
• 1513 - Italian Wars: Battle of Novara. Swiss troops defeat the French under Louis de la Tremoille, forcing the French to abandon Milan. Duke Massimiliano Sforza is restored.
• 1813 - War of 1812: Battle of Stoney Creek - A British force of 700 under John Vincent defeat an American force three times its size under William Winder and John Chandler.
• 1862 - American Civil War: Battle of Memphis - Union forces capture Memphis, Tennessee, from the Confederates.
• 1944 - World War II: Battle of Normandy begins. Operation Overlord, code named D-Day, commences with the landing of 155,000 Allied troops on the beaches of Normandy in France. The allied soldiers quickly break through the Atlantic Wall and push inland in the largest amphibious military operation in history.

June 7

• 1099 - The Siege of Jerusalem begins.
• 1863 - Mexico City is captured by French troops.
• 1917 - World War I: Allied ammonal mines underneath German trenches in Mesen Ridge are detonated, killing 10,000 German troops.
• 1942 - World War II: The Battle of Midway ends.
• 1942 - Japanese troops land on the islands of Attu and Kiska in the Aleutian Islands.
• 1981 - The Israeli Air Force destroys Iraq's Osiraq nuclear reactor during Operation Opera.

June 8

• 1776 - American Revolutionary War: Battle of Trois-Rivières - American invaders are driven back at Trois-Rivières, Quebec.
• 1862 - American Civil War: Battle of Cross Keys - Confederate forces under General Stonewall Jackson save the Army of Northern Virginia from a Union assault on the James Peninsula led by General George McClellan.
• 1941 - World War II: Allies invade Syria and Lebanon.
• 1942 - World War II: Japanese imperial submarines I-21 and I-24 shell the Australian cities of Sydney and Newcastle
• 1950 - Sir Thomas Blamey becomes the only Field Marshal in Australian history.
• 1995 - Downed U.S. Air Force pilot Captain Scott O'Grady is rescued by U.S. Marines in Bosnia.

June 9

• 1863 - American Civil War: Battle of Brandy Station, Virginia.
• 1935 - Ho-Umezu Agreement: China, under KMT administration, recognized Japanese occupations in Northeast China.
• 1944 - World War II: The Soviet Union invades East Karelia and the previously Finnish part of Karelia, since 1941 occupied by Finland.
• 1959 - The USS George Washington is launched as the first submarine to carry ballistic missiles.
• 1999 - Kosovo War: Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and NATO sign a peace treaty.

June 10

• 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Saleph River while leading an army to Jerusalem.
• 1619 - Battle of Záblatí, a turning point in the Bohemian Revolt of the Thirty Years' War
• 1719 - Battle of Glen Shiel.
• 1854 - The first class of United States Naval Academy students graduate.
• 1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Brice's Crossroads – Confederate troops under Nathan Bedford Forrest defeat a much larger Union force led by General Samuel D. Sturgis in Mississippi.
• 1898 - US Marines land on the island of Cuba during the Spanish-American War.
• 1940 - World War II: Italy declares war on France and the United Kingdom.
• 1945 - Australian Imperial Forces landed in Brunei Bay to liberate Brunei.
• 1965 - Vietnam War: Battle of Dong Xoai begins.

June 11

• 1429 - Hundred Years' War: The start of the Battle of Jargeau.
• 1940 - World War II: Canada declares war on Italy.
• 1942 - World War II: The United States agrees to send Lend-Lease aid to the Soviet Union.
• 1970 - After being appointed on May 15, Anna Mae Hays and Elizabeth P. Hoisington officially receive their ranks as U.S. Army Generals, becoming the first females to do so.

June 12

• 1653 - First Anglo-Dutch War: Battle of the Gabbard – lasted until June 13.
• 1758 - French and Indian War: Siege of Louisbourg – James Wolfe's attack at Louisbourg, Nova Scotia commences.
• 1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Cold Harbor – General Ulysses S. Grant pulls his troops from their positions at Cold Harbor, Virginia and moves south.
• 1922 - In Windsor Castle, King George V receives the colours of the six Irish regiments that are to be disbanded - the Royal Irish Regiment, the Connaught Rangers, the South Irish Horse, the Prince of Wales's Leinster Regiment, the Royal Munster Fusiliers and the Royal Dublin Fusiliers.
• 1940 - World War II: 13,000 British and French troops surrender to Field Marshal Erwin Rommel at Saint-Valery-en-Caux.

June 13

• 1777 - American Revolutionary War: Marquis de Lafayette lands near Charleston, South Carolina, in order to help the Continental Congress to train its army.
• 1942 - The United States opens its Office of War Information, a center for production of propaganda.
• 1944 - Germans launch counter attack on Carentan.
• 1944 - World War II: Germany launches a V1 Flying Bomb attack on England. Only four of the eleven bombs actually hit their targets.
• 1995 - French president Jacques Chirac announces the resumption of nuclear tests in French Polynesia.

June 14

• 1645 - English Civil War: Battle of Naseby – 12,000 Royalist forces are beaten by 15,000 Parliamentarian soldiers.
• 1800 - Napoleon Bonaparte's French Army defeats the Austrians at the Battle of Marengo in Northern Italy and re-conquers Italy.
• 1863 - American Civil War: Battle of Second Winchester – A Union garrison is defeated by the Army of Northern Virginia in the Shenandoah Valley town of Winchester, Virginia.
• 1940 - World War II: Paris falls under German occupation.
• 1967 - The People's Republic of China tests its first hydrogen bomb.

June 15

• 923 - Battle of Soissons: King Robert I of France is killed and King Charles the Simple is arrested by the supporters of Duke Rudolph of Burgundy.
• 1389 - Battle of Kosovo: The Ottoman Empire defeats Serbs and Bosnians.
• 1775 - American Revolutionary War: George Washington is appointed commander-in-chief of the Continental Army.
• 1877 - Henry Ossian Flipper becomes the first African American cadet to graduate from the United States Military Academy.
• 1944 - World War II: Battle of Saipan: The United States invades Saipan.

June 16

• 1487 - Battle of Stoke Field, the last dying breath of the Wars of the Roses
• 1746 - War of Austrian Succession: Austria and Sardinia defeat a Franco-Spanish army at the Battle of Piacenza
• 1755 - French and Indian War: French surrender Fort Beauséjour to the British, leading to the expulsion of the Acadians
• 1815 - Battle of Ligny and Battle of Quatre Bras, two days before Waterloo.
• 1940 - World War II: Marshal Henri Philippe Pétain becomes Premier of Vichy France

June 17

• 1462 - Vlad III Dracula attempts to assassinate Mehmed II in the Night Attack, and the latter is forced to retreat from Wallachia.
• 1497 - Battle of Deptford Bridge - Forces under King Henry VII soundly defeat troops led by Michael An Gof.
• 1775 - American Revolutionary War: Battle of Bunker Hill - The battle actually takes place on Breed's hill by mistake. British forces take Breed's Hill outside of Boston with heavy casualties.
• 1863 - Battle of Aldie in the Gettysburg Campaign of the American Civil War
• 1876 - Indian Wars: Battle of the Rosebud - 1,500 Sioux and Cheyenne led by Crazy Horse beat back General George Crook forces at Rosebud Creek in Montana Territory.
• 1940 - World War II: Operation Ariel begins - Allied troops start to evacuate France, following Germany's takeover of Paris and most of the nation.

June 18

• 1429 - French forces under the leadership of Joan of Arc crush the main English army under Sir John Fastolf at the Battle of Patay. This turns the tide of the Hundred Years' War.
• 1812 - War of 1812: The U.S. Congress declares war on the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
• 1815 - Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Waterloo leads to Napoleon Bonaparte abdicating the throne of France for a second, and final time
• 1940 - Appeal of June 18 by Charles de Gaulle
• 1940 - Finest Hour speech by Winston Churchill

June 19

• 1306 - The Earl of Pembroke's defeat Bruce's Scottish army at the Battle of Methven.
• 1807 - Admiral Dmitry Senyavin destroys the Ottoman fleet in the Battle of Athos.
• 1821 - Decisive defeat of the Philikí Etaireía by the Ottomans at Drăgăşani (in Wallachia).
• 1944 - The Battle of the Philippine Sea takes place.

June 20

• 451 - According to some sources, this was the date of the Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius' victory over Attila the Hun.
• 1685 - Monmouth Rebellion: The Duke of Monmouth declares himself King of England at Bridgwater.
• 1756 - British garrison imprisoned in the Black Hole of Calcutta.
• 1963 - The so-called "red telephone" was established between Soviet Union and United States following the Cuban Missile Crisis.

June 21

• 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vezerone.
• 1621 - an execution of 27 Czech lords on the Old Town Square in Prague as a consequence of the battle on the "White Mountain".
• 1798 - Irish Rebellion of 1798: The British Army defeats Irish rebels at Battle of Vinegar Hill
• 1813 - Peninsular War: Battle of Vitoria.
• 1826 - Maniots defeat Egyptians under Ibrahim Pasha in the Battle of Vergas
• 1854 - First Victoria Cross won during bombardment of Bomarsund in the Aland Islands.
• 1859 - Italian Independence wars: Battle of Solférino is fought. Witnessed by Henri Dunant, the results were the Geneva Conventions and the Red Cross.
• 1864 - Maori Wars: The Tauranga Campaign ends.
• 1940 - World War II: France surrenders to Germany.

June 22

• 217 BC - Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom
• 168 BC - Battle of Pydna: Romans under Lucius Aemilius Paullus defeat and capture Macedonian King Perseus, ending the Third Macedonian War
• 1593 - Battle of Sisak: Slovene - Croat troops defeat the Turks.
• 1812 - Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon invades Russia.
• 1866 - Battle of Custoza: an Austrian army defeats the Italian army during the Austro-Prussian War.
• 1893 - The Royal Navy battleship HMS Camperdown accidentally rams the British Mediterranean Fleet flagship HMS Victoria which sinks taking 358 crew with her, including the fleet's commander, Vice-Admiral Sir George Tryon.
• 1898 - Spanish-American War: United States Marines land in Cuba.

June 23

• 1314 - Start of the Battle of Bannockburn south of Stirling, Edward II of England & Robert I of Scotland met in battle. Scotland won and Edward fled the field and Scotland.
• 1532 - Henry VIII & François I sign secret treaty against Emperor Charles V.
• 1757 - Battle of Plassey - 3000 British troops under Robert Clive defeat a 50,000 strong Indian army under Siraj Ud Daulah at Plassey.
• 1758 - Seven Years' War: Battle of Krefeld - British forces defeat French troops at Krefeld in Germany.
• 1760 - Seven Years' War: Battle of Landeshut - Austria beats Prussia.

June 24

• 972 - Battle of Cedynia, near Cedynia. Polish forces have had their first documented victory.
• 1128 - Battle of São Mamede, near Guimarães. Portuguese forces led by Alfonso I defeat his mother D.Teresa and D.Fernão Peres de Trava. After this battle, the future king calls himself "Prince of Portugal", the first step towards "official independence" in 1143.
• 1340 - Edward III of England personally leads the navy of the Kingdom of England in its practically complete destruction of the fleet of the Kingdom of France at the Battle of Sluys. The French fleet was under the command of admiral Hue Quiéret and treasurer Nicholas Béhuchet, assisted by Genoese mercenary galleys serving under Egidio Bocanegra. Although both Hue Quiéret and Béhuchet were among the casualties, the mercenaries manage to escape.
• 1859 - Battle of Solferino: (Battle of the Three Sovereigns). Sardinia and France defeat Austria in Solferino, northern Italy.
• 1945 - Moscow Victory Parade.

June 25

• 841 - Battle of Fontenay.
• 1876 - Battle of the Little Bighorn and the death of General George Armstrong Custer.

June 26

• 1857 - The first investiture of the Victoria Cross in Hyde Park, London.
• 1924 - American occupying forces leave the Dominican Republic.
• 1940 - World War II: Under the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, the Soviet Union presents an ultimatum to Romania requiring it to cede Bessarabia and northern part of Bukovina.
• 1993 - The U.S. launches a missile attack targeting Baghdad intelligence headquarters in retaliation for a thwarted assassination attempt against former President George H.W. Bush in April in Kuwait.

June 27

• 1709 - Peter the Great defeats Charles XII of Sweden at the Battle of Poltava.
• 1759 - General James Wolfe starts siege of Quebec.
• 1864 - Battle of Kennesaw Mountain in the American Civil War.
• 1905 - Mutiny on the Russian battleship Potemkin.
• 1986 - The International Court of Justice finds against the United States in its judgement in Nicaragua v. United States.

June 28

• 1389 - Ottoman forces crush the Serbian armies in Kosovo, opening the way for the Ottoman conquest of Southeastern Europe (see Vidovdan).
• 1651 - Battle of Beresteczko between Poles and Ukrainians starts.
• 1778 - The Battle of Monmouth was fought in the American Revolutionary War between the American Continental Army under George Washington and the British Army led by Sir Henry Clinton.
• 1914 - Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria and his wife Sophia are killed in Sarajevo by a Serbian nationalist young man: Gavrilo Princip , the casus belli of World War I.
• 1919 - The Treaty of Versailles is signed, ending World War I with Germany.
• 1922 - The Irish Civil War begins with the shelling of the Four Courts in Dublin by Free State forces.

June 29

• 1149 - Raymond of Antioch is defeated and killed at the Battle of Inab by Nur ad-Din.
• 1644 - Charles I of England defeats a Parliamentarian detachment at the Battle of Cropredy Bridge, the last battle won by an English King on English soil.

June 30

• 1651 - The Battle of Beresteczko ends with a Polish victory.
• 1758 - Seven Years' War: Battle of Domstadtl.
• 1944 - The Battle of Cherbourg ends with the fall of the strategically valuable port to American forces.