Walter Felsenstein

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Walter Felsenstein (30 May 1901 – 8 October 1975) was a theater and opera director.

Felsenstein was born in Vienna and began his career at the Burgtheater in his birthcity and from 1923 to 1932 was a theater actor in Lübeck, Mannheim, and Bytom, where he first worked as a director. In Basel and Freiburg im Breisgau, he became closely acquainted with the contemporary concert hall. From 1932 to 1934 he worked as an opera director in Cologne, and from 1934 to 1936 at Frankfurt. He worked in Zurich from 1938 to 1940 and returned in 1940 to Germany, where he was active at the Berlin Schillertheater until 1944. Additionly, he worked as a guest director in Aachen, Duesseldorf, Metz, and Strasbourg. In 1942 he produced Le nozze di Figaro (Clemens Krauss conducting, sets and costumes by Stefan Hlawa) at the Salzburg Mozart festival. From 1945 to 1947 he worked at the Hebbeltheater in Berlin. In 1947 he created the Komische Oper in East Berlin, where he worked as director until his death. From 1956 on he was vice-president of the Germany Academy of Arts of the German Democratic Republic.

He translated and edited numerous operatic works into German, including Carmen (Georges Bizet, 1949) and La traviata (Giuseppe Verdi, 1955). Famous productions include Die Zauberflöte (Mozart, 1954), Les contes d'Hoffman (Jacques Offenbach, 1958), Otello (Verdi, 1959), Barbe-bleue (Offenbach 1961), The Cunning Little Vixen (Leoš Janáček, 1956), and A Midsummer Night's Dream (Benjamin Britten). The foreign-language operas Felsenstein produced were not usually set in their original tongue, but in a German translation.

Felsenstein was one of the most important exponents of Regietheater, productions in which drama values came before musical ones. His most famous students were Götz Friedrich and Harry Kupfer both of whom went on to have important careers developing Felsenstein's work.

Together with the "Komische Oper" troupe he visited the USSR a few times. In 1969 he directed the Russian language production of Carmen by Bizet at the "Stanislavsky and Nemirovich-Danchenko Moscow Academic Music Theater" in Moscow. In Moscow it was stated that his way of the opera staging was similar to the principles of Konstantin Stanislavsky.

He was awarded the National Prize of DDR in 1950, 1951, 1956, 1960, and 1970.

Opera director Siegfried Schoenbohm was one of his assistants.

Felsenstein died at age 74 in East Berlin. He is buried in Kloster on Hiddensee, an island in the Baltic Sea.