Walter Colton
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Rev. Walter Colton (May 9, 1797– 1851) was a Chaplain for the United States Navy, the Alcalde of Monterey, and the author of Three Years in California and Deck and Port. He was also co-publisher of California's first newspaper, The Californian.
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[edit] Early years
Walter Colton was born in Rutland County, Vermont, on May 9, 1797. He was the third of 12 children born to Walter and Thankful (Cobb) Colton; his younger brother Gardner Quincy Colton later became known as a pioneer of anesthesia. Walter went to Hartford, Connecticut, at the age of 17 to learn to be a cabinetmaker.
[edit] Education
He attended Hartford Grammar School and entered Yale in the fall of 1818. He won the Berkeleyan Prize for the best Latin translation, and delivered the valedictory poem at his graduation in 1822. He entered Andover Theological Seminary and graduated in 1825. He became a professor of moral philosophy and letters at the Scientific and Military Academy at Middletown.
[edit] Early career and marriage
He then moved to Washington to become the editor of the American Spectator and Washington City Chronicle. He was also elected to preach at a church attended by President Andrew Jackson. The men developed a close acquaintanceship. The president offered Colton the choice of being a chaplain in the Navy or a foreign consul. Colton was nominated chaplain of the West India Squadron in 1831 and visited ports throughout the world. He was married to a Philadelphia woman of the same family name, and he sailed to the Pacific in 1845. He recorded the story of that eventful voyage in his book, Deck and Port.
[edit] His time as Alcalde
Soon after Colton's arrival in Monterey, Commodore Robert F. Stockton appointed him Alcalde of Monterey. This role was a combination of judge, sheriff, and governor over much of Northern California. He served with wisdom and sound judgment in dealing with lawbreakers, built Colton Hall, and fined every gambler $20 to help cover the costs of building California’s first schoolhouse. He won wide acclaim as a fair judge and impaneled the first jury in California to assist in making decisions.
During this period, he also met Robert B. Semple and decided to launch the first newspaper published in California, The Californian. On August 15, 1846, only a month after the American flag was raised at Monterey, The Californian carried the news of the declaration of war with Mexico.
Colton's book, Three Years in California, about his experiences was published in 1850 after his return to the east.
He died in 1851 and was buried in Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia.[1]
[edit] Legacy
Walter Colton has been inducted into the California Newspaper Hall of Fame. His book, Three years in California, is regarded as a principal description of California before the California Gold Rush.
Colton Hall, now preserved as a museum, was in 1849 the site of California's Constitutional Convention. For a time it served as a grade school.
The subsequent Walter Colton Middle School, located some two miles uphill from Colton Hall, was changed first to a 6-8-grade middle school, then back to a K-8-grade school in support of the Monterey Peninsula Unified School Districts enforced school closings in early 2002.
[edit] References
- ^ Oberholtzer, Ellis Paxson. The Literary History of Philadelphia. Philadelphia: George W. Jacobs & Co., 1906. p. 306
